


^.'•. -^^ ._,<^ .^^^.^..^ 



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OF TIIK 



84TH REG'T ILL. VOLS. 



r>Y L. A. SBOIONS, 



MACOMB, ILL. : 

HAMPTON BROTHERS, PUBLISUERS, 
R. f'OLVILLK, niXDER, GAI-RSnURO, ILL. 

18GG. 



COISi TENTS. 



Alstra^t of tki E©gii 



II. 



III. 



CHAPTER I. Original Muster-in-Rol! of the Field and Staff, and 

Personal Record of each Officer 281 

Original Muster Roll of Company A. Personal 
Record of each officer and man, statins In what 
Ijattles engaged — date of Death or Discharge — 
when and where Wonnded, and a summary of cas- 
ualties in the Company 2S() 

Same of Company B 292 

IV. Same of Company C 2i'7 

V. Same of Companj- D 3ii2 

VI. Same of Company E 308 

VII. Same of Company F §12 

VIII. Same of Company G 318 

IX. Same of Company 11 -J-'o 

X. Same of Company I i'liv 

XI. Same of Company K 33r, 

XII. Same of the Recruits of the Regiment 342 

A Table showing the number Killed, Wounded, Deceased, Discharged 

Transfered, and the number finally mustered oirt in each Company and 
the whole Regiment. 



^^W' 



I'^RT I. 

History of the Regiments 



ClLVPTEIl I. 

THE ORGANIZ.VTION OF THE REGIMENT. 

The Spring and Summer of 1862 were fraught with 
stirring events. The war had been iu pi ogress a }ear. 
vast armies had been sent into the field, but as yet 
only a small portion of the Confederate States had 
beeji passed over by our forces. The army of the 
Missit^aippi had hardly advanced to the northern boun- 
dary of Mississippi aiui Alabama ; the army of the 
Potomac was toiiiugupju the Peninsula, and at every 
point our troops were met by equal and at many 
j>oints by superior numbers. It was evident to all 
thinking minds, that more troops must be spi edily 
f^ent to the scenes of action, or the suppression of the 
great rebellion would indeed prove a fai^uv<;. The 
President seoiucd fally to compr:\eu«.i the siturrtiou, 
and about the Ist of June 1SG2, issued his procl-ima" 
tion calling for fifty thousr'id more volunteers tO Be; ve 
tor the term of three years, or duri;ig the wjir. The 
quota of Illinois under this call was speedily dotennirv- 
cd and through the medium of the newspapers it was 



6 HISTOEY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

in a day made known throughout the State, that four 
new regiments were immediately required. On tho 
6th day of June, Governor Yates- telegraphed to Louis 
H. Waters, Esq., of Macomb, III, ofteriug him the 
Colonelcy of one of thele regiments. Col. Waters 
had early in the war gone into the lield, and as Lt. 
Col. commanded the 28th Regt. 111., Vols, for several 
months ; but for substantial reasons had resigned his 
position in that regiment and returned to the practice 
of his profession. On receiving this telegram, he im- 
mediately replied to Gov. Yates that he would glad]\- 
accept the proposed honor, if he should lind it pos- 
sible to enlist a regiment. He immediately under- 
took the task, wdiich at that season of the year was 
environed with a host of difficulties. Within the suc- 
ceeding ten days he wrote to many influential friends 
in adjoining conties sohciting their co-operation, and 
made a strong effort, in his own town and connly, 
to secure the efforts, in this direction, of men compe- 
tent to become olhcers ; besides this, he was acti\'cly 
engaged in soliciting every man to enlist, who could 
possibly leave his family and business. During i'. ■■ 
month of June, at least twenty men declared then- 
intention of raising a company for Ids regiment, and 
though they labored dihgently the work of recruiting 
progressed but slowly. Partisan feeling was still riiV 
in every communityj and in many truly patriot '■ 
breasts there ctill rankled deep-rooted prejudices 
against the President, and dominant party ; but Col. 
Waters was not the man to despair of ultimate eiic- 
cess. From the middle of June, until the 1st of Au- 
gust he was incessantly on the move ; addressing pub- 
lic meetings in Mercer, Henderson, Hancock, McDon- 
ough, Fulton, Schuyler, Brown and Adams counties, 
and every v>dicre rendering all the assistance he pos- 
sibly could to those who were recraiting. To Capt, 



1^ 



ORG^'VNIZATION, 7 

WilliaxQ Ervin, of Macomb, 111., belongs the credit of 
liaving orguiiized the Urst compan^^ for the 84th Kegt. 
111. Vols. M'tcv about three weeks untiring effort in 
])rocuring enlistments he started to Camp Butler, the 
C4iinp of rendezvous, -with about iitty men on tlie 1st 
day of July, 1SG2, but inimecUately returned to Me- 
Donough Co., for recruits to iill up Jiis company. 

Aboi;t the 25th of July the camp of rendezvous for 
this regiment was changed to Quincy, 111., for during 
this month the army of the Potomac had met with 
terrible reverses; the army in Southern Tennessee 
was being forced back into Kentucky ; the President 
in this emergency had called for three hundred thou- 
sand volunteers ; and the quota for iUinois, now being 
about forty regiments instead of four, it became nec'- 
essary to establish camps of rendezvous in the several 
congressional districts of the State. Now it was, that 
the peril of our governmeut became a])})arent to every 
one ; farmers left their crops standing iji the lield, rae- 
• •hanics threw aside their tools, merchants hastened to 
1 urTi the measuring of calicoes and ribbons into other 
hands, and all riiished into camp, earnest, anxious, 
zealous, to do their part in sustaining ilie best govern- 
ment the world ever saw, in upholding the Coiistitu- 
tion and the lav/s. During the month of July and the 
early part of August, ten companies were hllcd up 
and organized for the 84th Ilegt. Ills. Vols., and be- 
fore 15th of August, all were in camp near Quincy, 
HI. Our abstract of the records of the regiment 
shows the original organization to liave been as fol- 
lows : {Company C was organized at Macomb, 111. about 
July 1st ; William Ervin, Captain, Epaplirothtus C. 
Coiilson, 1st Lieut., "William P. Pearson, 2nd Liei;t. 
Company A organized July 2 1st, at ]\Iacomb, 111., 
John P. Higgins, Capt., Thomas G. Wicdom, ist 
Lieut, William E. Starnes, 2nd Lieut. Company G- 



8 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

organized July 25th, at Oquawka, 111., Frederick Gar- 
terniclit, Capt., AVilliam H. Fuller, 1st Lieut., Russell 
W. Caswell, 2nd Lieut. Company D organized at 
Mt. Sterling, 111., about July 27th, Moses W. Davis, 
Captain, Thomas D. Adams, 1st Lieut., Walter Scog- 
gan, 2nd Lieut, Company I organized at Clayton^ 
111., August 6th, Albert J. Grithth, Capt., Wi'lliam 
Scott, 1st Lieut., Thomas F. Kendrick, 2nd Lieut. 
Company K organized at Biggsville, 111., August 8th, 
John B, McGaw, Capt., Alexander J^. Nelson, 1st 
Lieut., Myron H. Mills, 2nd Lieut. Company B organ- 
ized at Vermont, 111., about August 10th, V. M. Grew- 
ell, Captain, Lemuel L. Scott, 1st Lieut., James A. 
Russell, 2nd Lieut. Company F organized at Ver- 
mont, 111., August 11th, Caleb B. Cox, Captain, Joseph 
Nelson, 1st Lieut., Samuel Frost, 2nd Lieut. Com- 
pany H organized at Keithsburg, 111., August 14th, 
John C. Pepper, Capt., Luther T. Ball, 1st Lieut. ^ 
Henry E. Al>ercrombie, 2nd Lieut. Company E or- 
ganized at Quincy, 111., August 15th, Myron G. Tons-. 
ley, Capt., Hiram P. Roberts, 1st Lieut., Henry V. 
Lewis, 2nd Lieut. 

The organization of the regiment was completed 
about the 15th of August. Thomas Hamer having 
been appointed Lt. Cob, Charles H. Morton, Maj., 
James B. Kyle, Surgeon, David McDill, and Elijah C. 
Marshall, Assistant Surgeons, Charles E. Waters, Ad- 
jutant, Samuel L, Roe, Quartermaster and Rev. Ralph 
Harris, Chaplain. The following enlisted men were 
^elected for the non-commissioned staff — John W. 
Frierson of co. F, for Sergeant Major, Andrew S. 
McDowell of CO. I, Quartermaster Sergeant, jMonroe 
P. Edwards of co. I, Commissary Sergeant, and 
Thomas B< Mamy of co. A, Hospital Steward. The 
position of the several companies in the regiment was 
determined by drawing lots for the letters: — when 



0RGi\i^TI2ATI0N: 9 

Capt. Iliggins drew A, whvAx placed his company on 
the right, Capt. Grewell B, which placted hid company 
on the left, Capt. Ervin C, which made hij the right 
center or Cok>r conipaay ot' the rogimcut. ¥ov the 
benefit of those who have not been in those vice, we 
will here state, tliat the coni'Kmies of a regiment are 
arranged by letter, antl commencing 0!i tJio right, 
Btand in the following order, A, F, 1), I, C, M, Vj, K, 
G, B. As soon as the several companies w.ii'; into 
camp, Coh Waters had thcni well s-ippliedwil.ii cloth- 
ing and camp eqnipage, and made arill the. order of 
the day from 8 a. m., to 4 p. m., Saturdays excopted. 

After tlic organisation of the r.^gimont wa.i com- 
pleted, tlic diili was vigorously continued and too 
much credit can scarcely be givc:i Col. Wa'erA for hi,-', 
indefatigable eiforts at. tkis time, ro render hia regi- 
ment lit for hnmediate duty in the Held. His recent 
experience in the 28rh ill. Vols., reud^'red him thor- 
oughly competent as a drill-master and tactici.'iu. In 
Capt. Garternicht lie found an able aiul tbovough 
assistant, for Capt. G. had not only d'.'illed v.ith Col. 
Waters in the 2St}i 111. Vols., but had seen sever?.! 
years actual pervice in the German army. 

The nionth of August v,-as devoLod to (hill nnd the 
study of the liogulations and Tactic.?, that ;-)n,.i.i:',r 
pro<;ess that transforms t^iie cin.:cn into the soaii'.^i-. 

The sudden change from the ordinary avocationo 
of life, v/hcro the blcs?i!'fT of tliorougidy cooked f ); '' 
was daily enjoyed, and each night b^'ougat repo.^'.^ a* 
fllumjer, witiiia doors upon a ^ood b^-d — to life i.i 
cam.p, where many foi'tho lirst time intbcir livr-, pre- 
pared a meal of viotn.\l!-', and of course fail-' ' nt 
of p^'actice raid experience to mdcc it r " -e, 
and where all slopt in te^ts and n'"o:i .Id 
not of conri-e bo eii'ccted v;ir 
ble sicknesa. This is tl^o : 



;10 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

every new regiment, and we apprehend tliat ours was 
not more nor less unfortunate than most others. To 
become a thorough soldier, a man has many things to 
learn, and during this month we must contend that 
the regiment as a whole, made good progress. One 
idea was fixed in the minds of all, that contributed, 
probably more than aught else, to give the regimen 
during its whole term of service the character of ; 
prompt, reliable and well-disciplined command, name 

iy, ^THAT ALL OEDEES MUST BE STEICTLY OBEYED WITH 
OUT REMARKS OR HESITATION. 

Before the end of the month we were said to b 
TQRdy for muster into the U. S. service, and awaite* 
somewhat anxiously the arrival of the musterini 
officer, to make us a part of the grand army of the 
Union. The rolls were pjUpared about the 20 th and 
on. the last day of the month Capt. Evv'ing, of the U 
l^>. Regular army, and at this time on duty as muster 
Ina; officer, arrived at Quincy. We were anticipatin: 
a speedy movement, as soon as we were mustered ir 
ami being abeady tired of our first very pleasant cam] 
were anticipating a good time, in active and actu. 
service during the Fall campaign. 



CHAPTER U. 

MrSTER INTO SERVICi: AND THE KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. 

All the necessary preparations liaving been made, 
on the 1st day of >Septcmbcr, 18G2, Capt. Ewing, oi* 
the U. S. Army, mustered in the regiment for th^ 
term of three years or during the war. In his inspec- 
tion of men a^ lie ju'ocoeded to muster, he rejected 
sduio from each comi^any a:^ unlit for service. These 
we. notice<l were generally boy.^ from seventeen to 
twenty year;? old, most, if not all of whom, wouhl. 
have made excellent soldiers, and who would, as a 
gciu3ral thing, have endured the hardships incident to 
u st)ldier.A litb l)etter than men of more mature age. 
'I'ho fact has b'^eu remarked by many, that boys of 
this age proved more capable of enduring the toils, 
privations, and fatig\ie of actual service, than those of 
any other ago. 'J hose who were rejected ])y the mus- 
tering otliccr, regretted very much tliat they could not 
be received, luU many of them subsequently were 
taken by other regiments, and wc met them from 
time to time, in Dixie. The original muster-in-rollR 
whow that company A had three otli(;ers and eighty-two 
enlisted men; company B, three otHcers and eighty- 
seven enli>ted men; company C, thrc3 officers and 
ninety-two enlisted men; company L>, three officers 
and ninety-three enlisted men ; company E, three oflB- 



12 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

cers and ninety-four enlisted men ; company F, three 
officers and eighty-eight enlisted men; company G, 
three officers and eighty-seven enlisted men ; company 
H, three officers and ninety-live enlisted men; company 
I, three officers and ninety-one enlisted men ; company 
K, three officers and ninety-three enhsted men ; Field 
and StaiF, nine officers and four enlisted men, detached 
from the companies to which they belonged for the 
non-commie-sioued staff, making the aggregate 
strength of the regiment nine hundi-ed and forty-two 
officers and men. 

Two days after muster, the regiment was ordered to 
be in readiness for a move at any moment — and this 
order continued in force, for the succeeding twenty 
days. The di'ill Vvas continued every day, and every 
effort put forth to render the regiment thoroughly 
acquainted with ail the evolutions required in actual 
f^ervice. On the 4th day of September, a large pic- 
nic party came from Macomb, Vermont, and inter- 
mediate neighborhoods, to our camp, and enjoyed a 
brief visit and a good dinner with the boys before 
they went into the Held. They brought an abun- 
dance of delicacies for the palate, but their presence 
was enjoyed far more than all. The day passed very 
happil}', but toward evening, when the hour for sep- 
aration and parting came, pearly teare were welling 
from more eyes than belonged to fond mothers, 
wives, daughters, and sweethearts. On the 14th the 
Regiment was armed with the long Eniield rifle mus- 
ket, a gun of English manufacture, and eventually do- 
cide<l the best for infantry of any in use. Our arms 
happened to be of the very first quality, and a few of 
the men were so fortunate as to carry the guns here 
drawn, through the whole time of service. We were, 
£i.bout the same time, fully equipped with knapeacks, 
ha vereacks, canteens, <&c,, and fuiiy prepared for active 



KENTUCKY CAm^VlGN. 13 

duty in the "tented field." 

About this time one months advance pay was re- 
ceived by the enlisted men, and on the I'Jth of JSep 
tember twenty-live dolUirs of bounty was paid to each. 
Even here we began to know eomelhing of camp 
rumors, and for several days it was currently reported 
that wc were about to go into ^lissouri; but on the 
28d the regiment took the cars for Louisville, where 
it arrived on the 26th, and after a few hours delay 
went into camp in the .Southeastern portion of the 
city. "When we reac^hed Louisville we were surprised 
to see a broad pontoon bridge neai'ly completed across 
the Ohio, and that a large number of the business 
houses were closed. It was indeed a season of agi- 
tation and alarm among the citizens. Ckn. Bragg 
liad encamped only aliout live or six miles from tlie 
city, and an attack was liourly expected. AV'e had 
scarcely laid olf camp when the regiment was ordered 
to move. Lines of battle were hfistiiy formed in tho 
street, and an attack w^as, during tho whole night, 
momeuturily expected. Yea, our first night on th-.- 
south side of the ( )]iio river, was passed in line ol 
battle, resting on arms, reposing upon a newly paved 
street — ratlier a rough bed the boys counted it, but 
it was only a fair beginning of the hardships they 
were to find in the "Sunny South." But tiio enemy 
did not come forward to give us buttle, and on the fol- 
lowing morning, when the rain was pouring in tor- 
rents, we were marched to a camp nearly i'last of the 
city, and but a short distsinco from the Uhi«j. 

In the course of three or four days the regiment 
was supplied with tlie transportation at thi^ tini'^. 
a,llowed to all infantry regiments namely, thirteen 
fiix-mule teams and wagons, and 0!i the evening of 
September 28th wtvssent out al;out three miles oii thv 
Bardstown pike, where it remained on pieketuntil the 



14 HISTOHr OF THE REGIMENT. 

army moved. On the evening of 30th of September, 
the order was circulated, allowing but one wagon to 
each regiment for the transportation of baggage, and 
directing the remainder be immediately etored. It 
further directed, that all tents should be stored except 
one for the head-quarters of each regiment, and all 
other teams were detailed for duty in the ammuni- 
tion and su})ply trains. Our regiment, meantime, was 
assigned to the tenth (10th) Brigade of the fourth 
(4th) Division, in which it continued during the cam- 
paign. Col. Gross was in command of the Brigade, 
and Gen. Nelson in command of the Division, until 
hh death, which occurred only a day or two after wo 
were assigned to the Division. 

On the morning of October 1, 1862, the wdiolo 
army encamped in and around Louisville, under com- 
mand of Gen. Buell, started in pursuit of Gen. Bragg, 
who, it was ascertained, had commenced falling back 
towards Banvillc. The fourth Di\ ision (Gen. Smith 
commanding,) to which we were attached, v/ith several 
others, moved out on the Bardstown pike. We had 
marched out but a few miles, before we began to hear 
the boom of cannon a few miles in front of us — a.nd 
being unaccustomed to military atiairs, were hourly 
looking for an engagement. On the morning of Oc- 
toi>er Sth, v>'c had scarcely sta,rted from our bivouac 
on the Rolhng Fork of Salt River, when the distant 
thunder of artillery announced that a battle had begun, 
a few miles to the East of us, near Perryville. Gen. 
Bragg had suddenly halted in his retreat, and threw 
Ills whole force upon Wood's and McCook's Divisions, 
who were barely able to maintain their ground unti I 
reinforced. The other Divisions which had starts 
from Louisville on the Bardstown pike, and among then 
the 4t]i I)ivision, to which v/e belonged, were hurrie 
forward to extend the line c«f battle on the right o' 



KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. ir^ 

the Divisions now hotly engagcil. About noon tlie 
lines of battle were formed on our right iiml left, and 
wo were each moment expecting that the engagement 
would become general. Such, however, was not Gen. 
JJragg's design, and he seemed to have his own way 
during the campaign. .Vll day long the battle, a few 
miles to our left, raged M-lth incessant fury, and 
thuufih lit'tv or sixty thousand men in the center and 
on the left were op[H)sed to a vastly inferior force, the 
ASTUTE General commanding, made no attempt to ad- 
vance or secure any atlvantago in this quarter. 

There was a smart skirmish in our front toward 
Miii^et, but wo were not destined yet to enter into a 
general engagement. 1 )uring the night, liragg havin<^> 
severely iiaiulled .McCook's Division, again continued 
Ids retreat, aiul in tiio morm'ng we pm-sued, nu.ving 
in line of battle all day, but finding no enemy to 
<»ppo8C our progress. j\Iarching in line of battle ia 
usually very slow, and always terribly tiresome, and 
when, as it was upon this occasion, the impression is 
fixed hi the minds of all, that an important advantage 
has been lost, that the commanding ctficer has been 
outgeneralled, the useless effort and exertion becomes 
<loubly onerous and disngreeablo. ^Ve bivouacked 
for the night about a mile South of the little town of 
Ferryville, which was now entirely deserted, feeling 
not only tired, but sorely chagrined at the ill-success 
t>f our arms in the partial engagement. 

On the morning of the 10th, we turned a little to 
the left and t<»ok the road from Perry ville toward 
Danville, and at night, were scut out on jiicket, where 
the eiiemy were directly in front, and sent back a shell 
or two, to notify us that they wouhl »'onte?t om* further 
advance that evening, it is related that an officer 
above the rank of (Ja[>tain, and a Sergeant of our 
Kegiment, came in contact, as both were trying t«jf 



16 HISTORY 'OF THE EEGIMENT 

■find shelter beliind tlie same stump, when the shells 
^vere heard in the air ; but tor this story we canno! 
vouch. It was certainly very natural to seek sheltei 
at such a time, and could by no reasonable person bt 
considered indicative of a want of courage, yet thf 
mishap of the collision, occasioned no little mirth anc 
amusement. The night was rainy and disagreeable 
and the rain poured down most mercilessly all the 
next day, while vve held the same position, three milei 
from Danville. The whole army had come to a halt 
for it was said that Gen. Bragg, had thrown up strong 
fortifications at Camp Dick liobinson, and was await 
ing an attack at that point, only three or four milei 
distant from Danville. The next day, the 12th o1 
October, is no doubt well remembered by the regiment 
as the day we marched twelve or fourteen miles on' 
and back again, and accomplished nothing. Afte^ 
another day's delay we marched through Danville 
and eueamped near Stanford — laid dov.'n weary at i 
■o'clock in the eVening, to be roused up at 12 o't'loci 
and marched till morning — when there was a brie: 
pkirmish near Crab Orchaid, a few miles in advance o 
us, yet within hearing. .\.t daylight we halted, and afte; 
resting two hours, marched on qiate steadily all day 
passing through Crab Orchard about two o'clock, am 
Avere detailed for duty on picket again at night. W« 
. were thinking this rather severe, but the next morninj: 
we were still more unkindly h.andled; for we were no 
recalled from picket until the column was in motioi.' 
and had to march till near mid-day, before any op 
portunity was given to get breakfjist. In the vicinity 
of Danville, we had passed through a very line farm 
ing country, but nov/ we were entering upon th( 
rough hilly section along Rock Castle RivtU", and her< 
the enemy began to give us serious annoyance, bj 
felling trees across the r«ads, so th'^t the columi 



KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. 17 

eould proceed but slowly, constant ly skirmishing with 
the enemy, whom we now seemed to be pressing 
})rctty closely, and expected daily to overtake and 
force him into an engagement. 

On the 17 til we crossed llock Castle Ivivcr, and as-, 
cended what then seemed quite a mountain, known as 
"Wild Cat." The ascent was about three miles, and 
as brisk a skirmish wiis kept n]) while we toiled toward 
the summit, as had been through the rough country, 
for two days, previous. The same evening we went 
down the ridge on the opposite side ; almost, it was 
said, into an ambuscade-— came back lo the summit, 
and after dark, were sent hack, nearly to the ])lacc 
we had 1)ivouacked the night betbre, to guard the 
ammunition trains. We now began really to suffer 
from scant rations, and for the ensuing twenty days, 
this was the constant complaint. On the ll)th, we 
advanced ujxtn a road through the hilis, a}>pro}iriately 
named the "Winding Blades" to Nelson's Cross Roads, 
wlicre we rested for the night, having for our supper 
nothing but a small ration of poor beef, without salt 
— not even a cracker or cup, of coffee. From this 
point, tlie Kcgimcnt (with the Brigade) marched out 
toward ]\lanche.ster sixteen or seventeen nnles, and 
back the same dny, "Without a particle of food or a 
cup of coffee, until they returned late in the evening. 
Of course, under such privations and hardships as 
those, our Regiment wa' rapidly reduced in numbers. 
Veterans might and did etulure it much better, but it 
decimated the ranks of every new regiment on tlie 
campaign. From Nelson's Cross Roads, after resting 
a day, we returned to Rock Castle River — rested there 
two days, and then came back to ]\It. Vernon. We 
were now convinced Ihrit the campaign was closed, 
that the pursuit of ticn. P»ragg was abandoned, that 
he had reached Cumberland Gap, with the vast and 



18 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

valuable stores and supplies, which he had secured in 
Kentucky. He had gathered the rich spoils, while 
the impotent Buell was' reorganizing the anny at 
Louisville: at Perryville he had given a detachment of 
our army a i^cvere i-epuise, while the main body was 
lying inactive, within hearing of the sound of the 
musketry; and after this masterl}'^ movement, it was 
found impossible to overtake him — and the v/hole 
campaign was a failure. Not a failure because tlie 
army was not full of vigor, energy and courage ; not 
because it was illy disciplined, or scanfly piovided 
for, but solely because the General commanding was 
dilatory and wholly incompetent, if not in league and 
correspondenc-e with the enemy. 

From ISit. Yernon we took the road to Somerset, 
and encamped the first night at Buck Creek. Early 
in the evening a cold, chilly rain. set in, and we made 
the best shelter we could of brush and our single 
blankets, and built large fires, but could not make 
ourselves comfortable. Before 10 o'clock a snow- 
storm set in, and by daylight, at least a foot of snow 
had fallen. Our men were scantly clothed, for the 
weather had been verj warm for a few days after 
leaving Louisville, and finding themselves overloaded, 
they had thrown away all except one suit, and many 
were now nearly barefooted, and Fome had been so 
unfortunate as to lose, or have their blankets stolen 
by the older regiments of the Brigade. We were 
the only new regiment in, the Brigade, and during the 
whole campaign, our ^'Ickdancy gave them frequent 
occasion for mirth and ridicule, and from our men, 
many were so unprincipled as to steal nearly every- 
thing, not actually fastened to their persons. We paid 
them in kind, before their term was out. But, this 
terrible morning, and tlie tedious march that day in 
snow, water, slush and mud to Somerset — we must 



ICENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. 1» 

vlcsj)air of iiiirly portraving its hardships to our read- 
ers, J5ut, -WG talked of Valley Forge and old revolu- 
tionary times, swallo"\ved a cup of eolfce and a few bits 
«tf "hard tack," and dragged on twelve tedious miles. 
'The wind blew cold and lierce from the Korthwest, a.- 
we bivouacked late in the afternoon, :d>out t^vo mik-'s 
South of Somerset, and while bringing in our aniisful 
of cedar boughs to build a theller for the night, we 
noticed, as Ave had frequently during the day blood- 
stained foot])rints in the snow — blo<.>d from the sore 
and lacerated, and ahn(j£:t frozen feet of the S(.»ldiers, 
The next day scores Avero sent to the Hospital, some 
)iever to return to us again, many so worn down by 
fatigue and exposure that it required months of nurs- 
ing and care to render them again lit for duty in the 
raidcs. But after a day's rest, in which a few dozen pairs 
of shoes were procured, we pushed on toward Colum- 
bia, which we reached on the third day, .passing on 
the second day the battlefield of Mill Springs, where 
the rebel General Zollicotfer fell nearly u year before. 
At Columbia we i-ested two days, then took the 
road to Glasgow, which avc reached on the second day, 
liaving marcTicd twenty-4>ur miles the first and sixteen 
the second. And here again a large number Avere 
sent to Hospital at l^jwliug Green, Avliere many of 
them remained until the next Spring. At this point 
Adj.'t Charles E. Waters joined us, Avith about forty 
meuAvho had been lel't sick at Quiucy and Louisville. 
Here too, our teams came uj) bringing our tents and 
cam]) equipage, and having been Avell sup])hed Avith 
bl-ankets, shoes and stockings, Ave Averc able to jirotect 
ourselves from tlic Aveather, and sleep comlurtably, 
although the nights Avere cold and frosty. On the 
8th day of November. Ave marched from GlasgOAv to- 
ward Gallatin about 25 miles, on the 10th crossed the 
State line, on the 12th passed through Gallatin and 



20 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

crossed the Cumberland River at Gallatin Landing — ' 
on the 14th reached Silver Springs, Avhere wc remained 
nearly a week. On the 19th we passed by the Hermi- 
tas:e, and from the road could see the residence and grave 
of the Hero, Sage and Patriot, the immortal Jackson. 
Each Regiment spread its banner to the breeze in pass- 
ing, and loud calls were made for music by the soldiers ; 
but mus'cians about this time were, in army parlance 
''played out." A few miles further on, we encamped 
near Stone River, and were within two miles of the IGth 
Regt. Ills. Vols., in which Ave had many old friends, 
with whom we talked over "old times," affairs at home, 
and our brief army experience, and for a few days enjoy- 
ed ourselves vastly. The next week we moved camp, 
seven or eight miles, and our wreck of a Regiment 
went into winter quarters about three miles Southeast 
of Nashville, on the Murfreesboro Pike. Yea, we had 
now but the wreck of a Regiment, we had left men at 
all the Hospitals by the wayside, all along the route, 
and now had about four hundred left out of nine hun- 
dred that started from Quincy, 111., who were able for 
duty. From the effects of this campaign, through 
Kentucky, our Regiment never recovered. It deprived 
ua of more men than any baftle in which we were en- 
gaged, it swept many into an early grave, it ruined the 
health of hundreds, but those who did endure its hard- 
ships v.'ere inured to the rc\igh life of a soldier, and 
were seldom afterward sick, or sore from hard marching. 
But what an irreparable loss had onr Regiment and ail 
other nev Regiments sustained, under command of Gen. 
Biiell, who by the army of the Ohio, was as Pope says 
of Cromwell, 

"Damned to everlasting fame." 

The diary of the author, kept during this campaign, 
contains many items and incidents that it would be 
pleasant to refer to and record, but ws fear that this 



KENTUCKY CAilPAIGN 21 

niatory xi'iW prove tedious, abvi(lp;G anil conJcnsc as best 
wo may. Ecforo wo close, wo will endeavor to shoMr 
iho rtctanl loss of tho Ilo^imcnt, from the time wo left 
Loui.svl!]o, until we cncanipctl iiciir Nasliville. We will 
alao state tiie I033 of each company, in each battle and 
campaign, and the whole number of casuaiitics during 
the whole term of service. 

In closing tliij chapter wo cannot forbear mentioning 
the fact, that t'lrout^lioufc tlu3 memorable campaign our 
honored Colonel did all in hii power to lighten our 
burdens, to secure all the supplies that could be obtained 
and by his constant cheerfulnes3 and sympathy, T7on 
the aflection and admiration of* every man in the Ivogi- 
rnent. lie was to ur, not a severe a-ul rigid commander, 
but sceme.i an elder brother cni'.uring v^ith U3 all onx* 
hardships an«l privationn, never anxioJ3 on hi3 own ac- 
count, but always attcntivo to tin want3 of hii Iic^i' 
caeut. 



CHAPTKU ill. 

REORGANIZATION OF THE'aEMY — THE MARCH TO STONE 
EIVER AND DESCKIPTION OF THE BATTLE. 

About tho middle of November, Gen. "Bucll having 
made a completG failure of the Kentucky campaign, 
was superseded by Gen. Rosecrans. This announce- 
ment v/as received with shouts of joy throughout the 
whole army, for Gen. Buell had become very unpopular; 
yes, hated and despised by all under his command; and 
after the battle of Perry ville, as long as he had com- 
mand, the soldiers cursed him day hj day on the weari- 
some and profitless march. Almost as soon as General 
Rosecrans took command he orgaiiizo'd a Pioneer Brig- 
ade, which was made up of two or three men from each 
company of each llegiment in each division. This took 
from our Regiment about twenty-five men, and many of 
them were among the best we had. Gen. Rosecrans 
imm-ediately reorganized the araiy, and without chang- 
ing position, we wore informed that our Regiment was 
in the 3rd Brigade (Col. William Gross commanding), 
of the 2ad Division (Gen. Souey Smith commanding), 
of the 21st Army Corps, under command of Maj. Gen. 
Crittenden. 

The brass band which had been organized frith the 
Regiment wa^ no longer allowed to remain a regimental 



BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 

band, but was detailc 1 as a brig:iJc band, ans • 
thoir quarters from tho Regiment to Briga<lo 
^QVA. Wo were very prou'l of our baud, o.i .. 
finest in the army, and wero sorry to lo^c i:, ■• 
was no alternative. At the same time th » ' ; 
ter and Commissary departments, which h t . ,, 

been under the control and direction Oi ■, of 

')3icer3, Wore entirely 8epa,rate 1, and ev-jr i.i j. o a- 
tirmed distinct "institutions," each having iti ow i o3i- 
cers and employees. Up to this tim3 th'j Q»i irt-cjrraii- 
ter of eacli Regiment had imposed upon him tiie onoroaa 
duty of drawing the necessary rations from ti»j irigadc 
or Division Quartermasters, of transporting and iaraing 
them to the several companies of his Regui-jnt, in ttie 
same manner as clothing, camp and gi,rriyon e{uipage, 
but from this time forward, tho rations wero is vie 1 by 
tho Brigade Commissary to tho Commissary Sef^oant 
of each Regiment, Mho issued to the company. As a 
Regiment we were fortunate in having a very cnargetic 
and competent Quartermaster, Lieut. S. L. R.).3, but 
the severe incessant and arduous duties which, fell to 
his lot on the Kentucky campaign, often requiring him 
to be in the saddle a considerable part of the night as 
well as day, impaired his health, so that on tho ITth 
of November he felt it his imperative duty to resign. 
We were sorry to lose so capable and industrious officer, 
and to bo deprived of his valuable services in this im- 
portant position. The -place was temporarily supplied 
by the detail of Lieut. Joseph Nelson, of co. F, aa act- 
ing Rsgimental Quartermaster. 

We remained in camp near Nashville fromNovember 
26th, 1862, to December 26th, 1862, daring which 
period we were constantly drilling, vrhen not employed 
on other duty. Every fiftli day the Regiment was on 
picket, and almost ast often was sent out to guard forage 
trains or on a scout. On onoof thuw cxDodatiou«, we 



24 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

beiievo it was on tlio 29th of November, our Regiments 
came very near getting into an engagement with greatly 
superior numbers on the NoknsvillePikc, it had however 
only a slight skirmish and retired in good order. Tho 
event was ever afterward jocosely referred to as tho 
*'Battlo of Apple Jack." While in this camp wo were 
well supplied with tho usual army rations and furnished 
with all tho clothing wo desired. The camp seemed to 
be in a healthy location, but the health of our Regiment 
instead of improving, as had been anticipated, almost 
daily grew worse. Tho sick list constantly increased 
instead of diminished, a.id daily .our ambulances wece 
loaded for the Hospital, which must bo attributed to 
privations and exposure endured cu the march thither. 
The effect continued long after the primary cause was , 
removed, as the heat of summer, though caused by tho 
more nearly vertical rays of the sun, is more intense 
days, and often v/cck?, after tho rays begin to fall less , 
vertically upon tho earth. 

About the 1st of December Gen. Palmer superseded 
Gren. Smith iu command of the 2d Division, which was 
especiall;^gratif3ung to our Regiment as Gen. Srnit)' 
was far from being popular, and Gea. Palmer was from 
our own State. 

On the 2d of December Gen. Rosccrans had a grand 
review of tho whole army under his command— and our 
Regiment, for the first tiaie, took part in this necessary, 
but very wearisome mode of inspection. Several times 
the enemy, v,ho were encamped near INIurfrecsboro, wero 
reported advancing upon Nashville, and everything wa» 
placed in readiness for an attack; but these reports or- 
iginated from £couting parties rcconnoitering our linps^ 
the enemy's advance posts being in the neighborhood 
of Lavergao, fifteen milej from Nashville. The weath- 
er during this month continued very pleasant, though 
vre had somo snow aud ircq[ucut raina. JSv^ry few day;*- 



BATTLE OF STONE RIVEIl. ?5 

■during the month, before Christmas, the men unable to 
march wore sent off to liospitals, and from this, as -well 
as other preparations wc were Avell aware that a general 
movement would speedily take place. On the morning 
of Dec. 2(Jth, all the sick and ailing \Yerc sent off to 
Convalescent Camp, and the remainder directed to be 
ready to march at G a. m., each man to carry only his 
overcoat and one blanket, and all our tents and camp 
equipage to be left behind. 

So severely had our Regiment suffered from the dis- 
eases incident to the transition from the life of a citizen 
to that of a soldier, initiated as it Vi'as to actual service 
by a march of several hundred milo3, through a country 
"where for weeks good water could seldom be obtained, 
and undergoing within the space of a month the change 
from almost Summer's heat to orrly Winter's frost and 
anow, so thaf when we stArted on tin march from Nash- 
ville toward Murfi-eeaboro, there wore of the whole Reg- 
iment fit for duty, only 25 ofncors and 337 enlisted men, 
■•.he remainder being in convalescent camps and hos- 
pitals. 

About 7 o'clock a. m. December 2Gth, Gen. Critten- 
-den's Corps, now consisting r>f Gen. Palmer's, Gen. 
Woods and Gen. Van Cleve's Divi.-^ions marched out on 
the Murfreosboro Pike, and were Ecarccly in motion 
before the rain began to fall, rendering the air damp 
r,nd chilly, and the roads muil'.ly and slippery. It wan 
curreutly reported that Gen. Th.mas and Gen. MeCook 
were moving on the NolansviUe Pike, which we event u- 
ally learned was correct. Gen. McCook's position was 
on the right, Gen. Thonaas' in the center and Gen. Crit- 
tenden's on the left. Gen. Palmer's division was in 
the latter, and the 3d Brigade to which wc belonged, 
was near the center of the cor{".s. Somelou I'lilea from 
Nashville the enemy's pickets were driven in, and a 
tiharp skirmish was continued till we. came in eight of 



26 HIRTOEY OF THE.EEGIMENT. 

La.Ternnge, fifteen miles from NasKville, ivhere the enc^ 
ray made a stand. The 2d division was not engaged, 
and our brigade halted for the night, on the left of the 
pike, about three miles from town. It had rained all 
daj and continued a good part of the night. 

The nioining of the 27th was foggj, and very little 
advance was made until near noon. About this time 
the enemy was driven from the town, and the army ad- 
vanced along the pike steadil}'- skirmishing with the en- 
emy's cavalry. We halted for the night near Stew- 
art's Creek, some five miles from Lavergne, and ten 
miles from Murfreesboro. It had rained all the after- 
noon, and we thought we were having pretty rough 
weather for an offensive movement and campsiign. Just 
before sunset the dense clouds broke away in the West, 
and a double rainbow, very bright and beautiful spanned 
the sky in our front. A few centuries ago this might 
have been considered a glorious omen, but to men of 
this age, wet and weary with marching, it was simply a 
natural phenomenon, an object of remarkable beauty, 
beheld for a few moments, and speedily iorgotten. Our 
camp was on the very same ground of one so lately oc- 
cupied by the enemy that the fires were not yet out. 
The creek was about a mile in cur front, and after dark 
we could see the camp faes of the enemy across on the 
blafifs on the opposite side. On tlie morning of tiie 28ih 
we moved to the brow of the hill, half a mile from the 
creek, and formed ia line of battle, where Vve remained 
all day, Sunday, with the enemy's pickets in full 
view upon the opposite blufis. On the morriiug of the 
29th, the SGth Indiana formed in a line of battle on oar 
right, and the Bt ij/;ade advanced, our left resting on the 
pike. We immediately waded the creek about waist 
Qf^ep, and advanced' along the pike in line of battle. — 
We heard heavy fkirmishirtg several miles to our right, 
and from this apprehended that the whole army was ic; 



BATTLE OF STONE KIVER. 27 

Tnation. During this days march, in lino of batdc, our 
Brigade (3 1,) was arranged as follows : Mendenhall's 
(4th U. S.) Battery on the pike, 84th III3., 36th Ind. 
and 23d Kentucky in front line of battle; 6th and 24th 
Ohip in the second line of battle, some eighty or a hun- 
dred yards in our rear. Two companies of each advance 
regiment were four or five hundred yards ahead as skir- 
mishers, and three or four times during the day wore 
engaged, but as sojn a< a gun of the battery could gou 
into position the enemy fell back. At dusk wo were 
about two miles from Murfre33boro, and within about a 
mile of Stone's River, our Rigiment's left resting on 
the pike, our riglit in the olgeof a thick cedar grove, 
th? 3jtfi Indiana in the oe lird on our right and tne 23d 
Kentucky fell back on a lir\3 wi.h the 24th and 6th 
Ohio, a short distance incur rear. Immeliately in 
front of our Regiment was a cotton field of about forty 
;icre3, at the south-cast corner of which a very l^rge brick 
bouse was burning when we camo up. It was reported 
that the en^my pet fire to the out-buildings to make room 
for a batt'^.ry and th 'hris^jaoiido-itally caught fire from 
them. The railroad from Na".hvillo runs a short dir^- 
tance to thj left of the pike, opposite where we lay, 
•and crovses the pike some sixty rods below the cotton 
Jisld; from th's intersection of the railroad and pike t • 
the river is about h;ilf a mile. The river is very crook- 
o>d, and the bond where the pike crosses is toe nearest 
point to Murfreeabf)ro. The railroad for a mile or more 
before its intersection with the pike, runs nearly para!- 
iol with the gonsral course of the river. 

On the raorninjT of the 30th, the Cth and 24th Obio 
iMk a position about ir)0 yards in our front and were 
F-kirmishing all day. On our right we heard constant 
skirmishing, occasionally artillery, and once in the af- 
"Jernoon quite an engagement took place. Wo then un- 
•derstood that Goi. McGo^k was getting his corps into 



pcsitlcn, and riov.lj tlrivirg nar('!ce's Ccips Iccki 
We had tvro rncn Avounded in skirmisliing on the 
29lli r.nd on the 80th, the 6th and 24th Ohio lost sev- 
eral rcen The enemy had si line of shurpshoorers ly- 
ing behind the railroad in rifle pits, v.hich harrusscd 
our front line, and many a ball during the ciay Tvhistlcd 
through the lines of the 84th. We knew a great bat- 
tle was about to be fought, and the hoj& were anxious 
for the ball to open. On the morning of the 31st, the 
fecond brigade came up and relieved the Gth and 24th 
Ohio, and our brigade was retired about three hundred 
yards. 

At daylight the battle commenced on the extreme 
right of the army and gradually drew nearer, and part- 
ly to our rear as thou h the enemy were turning our 
right flank. About 8 1-2 or o'clock stragglers and 
runaways began to come from the right, who said their 
regiments and brigades vrcre all cut to pieces. It was 
now evident that the whole army had boon flanked dur- 
ing the night, and wo afterwards learned that General 
Johnson's division was surprised and cut to pieces, al- 
most without firing a gun. Our front was now changed 
to the west and we lay parallel with tlic Pike about 
seventy-five yards from it ; the Gth and 24th Ohio in 
our front, in very thick cedar woods. Kow cut of tho 
thick cedars came a host of fugitives from the brokea 
Corps on our right. Terrible flight ! hundreds, yes 
thousands of men, many of whom Iiad thrown away 
guns, cartridge-boxes and knapsacks, each locking as 
though death was at each moment expected, terror tho 
only expression upon their countenances, as through 
our lines they came, on a run or brisk walk, par.ting 
from fear and fatigue, and they cculd not, would net 
bo rallied. Soon the lie vy firing told that the enemy 
were sweeping all before them, and comicg directly upon 
us, from our new front and right. Each moment the 



BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 29 

■crowd of stragglers increased in number, each ir.oment 
the firing became more rapid and nearer to us, 

"Nearer, clearer, deadlier ihan bcTorc," 

tiil the advance regiments of our brigade, the Cth and 
24th Oliio, Avcro engaged, and for a few minutes wo 
hoped thcv v.'ould be able to hold the thick cedar woods. 
They fought well a short time, but soon began to fall 
back. Tiicir officers tried in vain to rally them, but 
they were rapidly falling into confusion and were forced 
to fall back. Before they canwi our of llic woodts, cur 
regiment had laid down to bo out of range of tho show- 
er of ballo tliat whistled over and around us. On came 
the Gth and 24th Ohio Volunteers in f . 11 retreat. Our 
ofHcers joined in trying to rally the 24th, a part of 
which ])assed directly over our regiment, but could prc- 
yail upon but few to stop and fail in with us. They 
rallied and formed about fort}- yards, in our rear. Two 
batteries now opened, throwingshell and grape drcctly 
over US. Soon the enemy came out of the woods about 
three nr four hundred yards in our front. Our boya 
sprang up with a loud .shout and gave them a volley, 
t}»en laid down and loaded and fired at will. We were 
partly protected by a low Icdgo of rocks, and the wb.olo 
Xlcgimcnt firing as fast as tlioy could load, Avith tho 
help of tho batteries in a short time drove the enemy 
back into the woods, and eoon after their firing gradu- 
ally ceased. The leaden ehowor which liad fallen like 
b.s.il for at least an hour, stopped for a time, and wo 
liopod, alas, how vainlj' ! that tho foe was effectually 
repulsed. While wc were thus engaged, wo had been 
cxposod to a cross fire from a regiment of the enemy, 
who had advanced up the pike, on the left hand side. — 
Wc had several men wounded Tria'io in this position, 
but none killed. 

Shortly aficr tho cr.cmy were driven b:;ck, cur 



so HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT 

front ^ras changed by a left half-wheel, and we march- 
ed forward very nearly to the position we occupied 
on the 30th, and during the night. Across the uctton 
Held on the left hand side, (West) of the pike a iiegi- 
ment of the enemy had taken position, lying down ; 
and on our right, which was in the edge of the woods, 
we could see a heav}' force, apparently coming ^^por^ 
the Brigade from tlie right. Our Eegimcnt opened a 
hriak tire upon them as soon as it came into tnAc posi- 
tion, which told upon the Regiment across the pike, 
as we could easily see, but upon the heavy force me- 
nacing our rib'tit it had no apparent effect. In the 
courfie of the next lialf hovn% (Jol. Gross, command- 
ing the Brigade, retired the left of our Regiment to 
make room for a battery, which swept the advancing 
columns of the enemy as they charged up towards 
the cedar woods. The Regiments immediately on 
tlie riglit of ours, iired briskly for a while, and val- 
iantly maintained their position, but in the course of 
an hour began to fall back, which gave the cncn>Y a 
strong pcsition in the thick cedar woods, on our right-, 
and nov/ the balls came upon us in a perfect shower 
from that direction. Our Regiment was now terribly 
oxposed, especially on the extreme i"ight, for the ene- 
my were coming in upon us through the thick cedars, 
giving us a perfectly enfilading fire. After enduring 
in this position a most withering and destructive fire 
for 8omo tirnx, perhaps an hour, and when the enemy 
were within about si.xt}' yards, the right of the Regi- 
ment was retired so as to front the enemy, and now 
ngain fought desperately, every man working as 
though liis life depended upon his own exertions. 
The encivy, ip. spite of our exertions, continued to 
advance, and were gradually turning our left flank, 
which seemed to be entirely unsupported or covered. 



BATTLE or STONE KIVER. :;1 

when our Regiment was again retired to a low ledge 
of rocks, about a hundred yards West ot'^lie pike, 
nnd here we fought nearly an hour longer. The 
*'Jjoard of Trade" battery was all the while throwing 
sliell, grajHf and canister over our right, and Menden- 
hair.H battery over our left, s\vee])ing trees, under- 
brush, and the advancing enemy down at each dis- 
<'harge. The enemy was pouring in upon us a most 
galling lire as we lay in this position, the balls falling 
like hail in a heavy storm. At last, when we had 
been the only Keginient West of the pike for nearly 
an hour, the order came to retire, which was heard 
and obeyed by the left and centre, and afterwards the 
companies on the right followed across the pike, and 
liien the railroad. The Regiment was in considerable 
confusion v/hile falling back, from the fact that both 
wings had been severally retired, and the left and cen- 
tre iiad the start of the right in executing the ma- 
neuver. The lioard of Trade batteiy saved us very 
much, Jis we were falling back, and the otHcers and 
men of that s])Iendid battery deserve great credit for 
the pertinacity witii which they held their position by 
the railroad. Oar great loss was at the ledge of rock j 
near the pike, and in falling back to the railroad, 
liere twenty-live of our Regiment fell dead, and 
scores were wounded. At and near the railroad a 
considerable portion of Gen. J'almer's l>ivision had 
by this time rallied, and pre.-?eating a solid front, 
j)0ured in a terrible galling lire upon the enemy -nho 
were struggling n^adly forward acro>s the parti-dly 
open held between the cedar.; and the railroad. Soon 
the enemy began to find the lire too hot for thorn. 
and shortly after we fell back across the railroad, they 
retired into the woods. Our Regiment rallied on the 
VVcot .side of th.e railroad where thcv were under iv.a 



S2 IiISTOEY OF THE BEGIMENT. 

from one of the enem3^'s batteries, planted on theoppo- 
site sidet^f the river; so ^ve were marched back some 
distance, probably a mile northwest, into the v/oods, 
where we stacked arms, and rested, after nearly eIx 
hours of incessant exertion. 

Tears coursed dovrn the cheeks of our brave Col- 
onel when he counted only one hundred and tliirteen 
i^uns m the stacks, and not a few cheeks that had not 
blanched in battle, were moistened with manly tears. 
Each survivor had lo&t comrades and friends, and 
several found near and dear kinsmen and brothers 
miseing. But not all who v^-ere then and there absent 
were to be counted amohg the ten thousand killed 
and wounded on that terrible day of carnage and 
slaughter. Some were assisting their \\ ounded friends 
from the iield, and some were vrandering about trying 
to lind the balance of the Hegimcnt. It was novv' 
late in the afternoon, and the battle Vv'as still liercely 
raging, but the arrangement of troops was such that 
our services were not required, in the frontline. "VVe 
had been ih the heat of the engagement for six terri- 
ble hours, and the Eegiment was more than decimat- 
ed, but the actual loss v/e could not then determine* 
The very decisive stand made by our Brigade and Di- 
vision seems to have turned the tide of battle. Other 
Divisions rapidly came to the assistance of Gen. Pal- 
mer's LMvision, a.nd the enemy was driven back a con- 
siderable distance towards the river that evening, and, 
there held in cheek. 

yibout dusk we moved still further back from the 
xaiiroad, refreshed ourselves with Kuch rations as we 
}."iad bro'jgh.t ofi' from the encounter, and v^lien night 
came on stiif and exhausted from theVlay's chbrt, we 
laid down to sleep and rest, tliinking of the old stanza, 



BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 33; 

"Tho bij:!c>? snng (rurc, the night clouds ha^l lovrcrcJ 
Thj seiiliiicl stars scl tlicir waL a i i ilio !.kyt 
Aii.l ttiou.-'aiids l>:r.l sunk to 1 1 • grinjuvl oveipa.vcretl 
Tho weary loskop, and llie wju.iucd lo dio." 

Al:i3l how many were dying, every hour cf that 
long, chilly coiiilbrtless iiiglit ; v.lio can describe tho 
horii!)!e biificrings of the tlioncand.j wlio were lying 
wounded on the field V AVi'h those who had escape J 
unicatiiod, it was a severe night, for we were so situ- 
ated tliat tire could not be allowed, and- lying on tho 
fiozea ground, with few blaidccts t )• cover iia, wo 
coilid only chill, shiver and ache witii cold. 

Tlie ncMt day, January 1st, 1SG3, but little fighting 
\va3 done, though there was a great deal of maneuv- 
ering for poiitijn, and Konrj heavy carinouading. Our 
liegiin'jnt remained West of tlu railroad near tho 
river, all day, and were not engaged. The wounded 
were being collected at hx<pita!s, and mnubered thou- 
Band:3. Oji FiiJay, Jan. iJnd, (.general Van Cleve'j 
Division cros.sed the river nearly o]>po.-5ito where wo 
had tho hard tight on Wednesday, ajid' advanced a 
short distance toward !Murfree.-b()ro ; and our Brig- 
ade was ordered to croi,, anJtakj position in re;;erve 
or t-) support thc:n. Afcjr c;*oising, Gju. Van Clcve'i) 
Divi.siDii moved in a }::)j;ith'3.i>t;erly direction, and our 
Brigade coniir.ander arranged the Brigade in two 
liuci of battle f.-onting ^-loithwert and North, and 
then "about fa-jsi '' c.v\\ R^gimant — -.j that 
tho left 01 tho o4th Tl., rooted on the bhilf next to 
tlie river, and Ihe rig'it extend J I out across the hill, 
v;horo it joined the bth Oliio — tho other Jleginients 
wh\)n "about fa-:;jA" fronte I iij.u-ly i-Jnith almost at 
right angle.-, wit'n theforognng. Wo mention these 
pOditiou3 thuj a^eurately boji isc w.) have heard or 
read of no siniilK-ly s.ujacd.'J milita/y movement or 
Qond.io', uulojd it, be tin: of Uen. riilo./ in di^^ging 



34 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

Lis famous ditch, at Comargo, during the Mexican war. 
No sooner had Gen. Vau Cleve's Divibion made a 
slight advance, than it was attacked by Gen. Breck- 
inridge with live Brigades of infantry, some artillery 
nnd a heavy force of cavalry. Van Cleve's Bivifcion 
fought bravely a short time and then fell back, Brig- 
ade by Brigade, lobing most of their artillery — pait 
of it crossing the river where our main force lay. — 
Out of the woods into the open fields in our front, 
when we had "about faced," they came, in the greatest 
possible confusion. The whole division was in full 
retreat, and apparently taking one of those terrible 
stampedes which any troops will, when routed and 
pressed by the enemy. Each man seemed to be 
looking out only for himself, and making every possi- 
ble eftbrt to get out of danger. Out of the woods, 
pursuing them came the Brigades of the enemy in 
most splendid lines of battle, their colors flying and 
apparently secure of an easy and complete victory. 

The 3rd Bi"ig"ide had made a slight breastwork of 
logs, etc., behind which it was lying, and not a shot 
was fired until the enemy was within about three 
hundred yards. Then the 84th 111., and 6th Ohio 
raised with a yell and gave them a volley, then loaded 
and fired at will. The balance of the Brigade (24th 
Ohio, 3(3th Ind., and 23rd Ky.,) fell back in consid- 
erable confusion, perhaps owing to the fact that thev 
had lost most of their field ofiicers on Wednesday. 
Soon the several batteries massed by order of Gen. 
Rosecrans, on the opposite bank of the river began 
to pour a heavy fire into the enemy. At our first vol- 
ley the enemy wavered, and soon began to fall back. 
The 84th 111. and Ctli Ohio now sprang over their 
breast works with a yell that was heard three miles, 
and charged on the enemy, wlio were soon in full re- 
treat. We advanced but a short distance at first. 



BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 35 

foaring to expose the wcikness of the reserve, but in 
a tew minutes tlio balance of the brigade rallied as 
!il.-,o did Van Cleve'6 Division, and alter the enemy 
ihey went, into the woods, retaking the batteries lost, 
and one gun of the famous Washington battery of 
the enemy. The loss of the enemy in the open Held 
and woods was immense. "We wore over the Held iu 
the evening and the dead were lying in heaps, and 
hundreds of wounded were on every side. Ihe oitli 
getting short of ammunition, pursued the enemy oidy 
half a mile in the woods, and then retired to their 
breastworks, and remained tliere during the night. — 
We had one killed, thi-ee severely and several 
slightly wounded in this day's battle, and in the even- 
ing all were in line spirits ; the reverse of Wednes- 
day was scarcely remembered in view of the brilliant 
success of to-day, which had virtually decided the 
battle <.f Stone River. 

On Saturday tJierc was little lighting done, some 
cannonading at intervals during the day, and a sharp 
engagement about dark, in which a regiment or two 
drove the enemy out of the front line of their in- 
trcnc-hnients. Sunday the enemy were evidently 
withdrawing, and our advance entered ^luvfreesboro 
about four o'clock. Our regiment remained near the 
battle-lield until the 7th. On Monday those who fell 
on the Held were buried, and their graves fenced in 
with logs and numbered so that they could be identi- 
tied for years. Our wounded were by this time C(>1- 
Ici'tod at one hospital, where there were unfortunate- 
ly few preparations for their comfort. 

The condition of the woundod during this great' 
battle was deplorable. On the morning of January 
1st, 18(3.'}. we as.sisted in gathering together at one of 
tiie field hospitals, all the wounded of the Regiment, 
where their wounds were attended to bv Assi-tan« 



3G IlISTOHY 07 TIIH EEGIMENT. 

Siirg3on BIcDill, a3sioted bj Lieut. Alex. P. Nelson cf 
company K, wlio, being a meniber of the medical 
profeosion, was detailed tor duty, in the absence of 
JJargeons Kjla and. Marshall, who were sick or on 
duty in hospital. But when we had collected all 
these suiiering men, at the Division hospitals we were 
unable to procure tents to shelter one t^iitli of them ; 
nearly all for two or three days liad to lie ont of 
doors, upon the damp ground, covered only with 
blankets, and having a good lire at their feet. Aa 
rapidly as possible tiiey were sent to the hospitals at 
Nashville, but suiiering as they were, the torture was 
most excruciating, as thoy roJo twenty-six rniles in 
array wagon3. On the 4th of January w^e visited the 
general held hospital, where the vast amount of pain 
and suhcring made us truly "sick and sore at heart." 
Hero were acres of ground covered with hospital 
tents, all of which were full of wounded men, nearly 
four thousand in all, and wounded in every possibla 
manner. There were probably a hundred brave men 
dying dai'y at these hospitals. tSucli is war ! but wo 
cannot describe its horrors. 

This being the iirst engagement in which v.-o en- 
gaged, it cannot be am.iis to notice the conduct cf of- 
iicer3 and men more particularly: 

Oar Colonel exhibited the greatest coolness and 
bravery during tlie whole action. On Wednesday ho 
isat on his horse in the thickest of tlie light, watching 
every movement, and no more excited than thC'W>;-i 
engaged in an ordinary lav/suit. V/hen brave Geo. 
Yocum fell. Col. Waters ruslie I to tho spot, seized 
the colors, and brought tliem from tho fioiJ. In tha 
fight on I'jiday iio was tho iirst to leap tha breast- 
work and lead the charge, and whi'o so dt ing a ball 
passed througli hia hat, doing no i'lj'iry waatsver, 
and this v/aa but one of several narrov/eicapeadnrinv^ 



BATIXE OF STONE liWKll. :i7 

the battle. Our Lieut. Col., like the Colonel, wa.i 
brave and ever at his post, ile was knocked iVwrn 
hiri horse by a shot, ^vbi('h would have pierced hi.s 
heart had it not been tor the Bteel plates in hi.3 vest. 
He was bruised by the fall as well as by the bullet, 
and did not recover irom these injuries while in the 
servieo. Mnjor Morton, too. was ever present, cool, 
calm and collected in the jnoments of greatest peril. 
He had one horse killed and one badly wounded un- 
der him on the 31st ult., and was slightly wounded in 
the left knee. The officers of the line, without ex- 
ception, proved themselves not only calm and coura- 
geous men, but brave* and intrepid officers. Lieuten- 
ants Ball and Abercrombie, of co. H, both younpj 
men of fine talent and brilliant promise, wore instant- 
ly killed. Capt. Da^'is, of co. D, was so severely 
wounded that he survive*:: but a few days, and I-ieu 
tenants Scott, Wisdom, i'rost, Mills and Roberts, 
were severely wounded. The splendid conduct of the 
l^egiment while under fire, astonished the old Regi- 
ments of the Brigade, and the S4th received not a 
i"o\v 1.. oiiicers of high rank who wit- 

Tic-t. : It was our first battle, and 

yet tiie ihe positions assigned to it, 

more r-^.v. ue veteran Kegiraents which 

surrounded . j secured the hard earned rep- 

utation of a '.zgx-ijn^- iiegiment," and was from this 
time forward; conadored one of the most reliable 
KcgiicsntG in the Bar vice. 

VVe should probab^y mention the only mersber of 
our non-commiseior.ed Staff on the field, Serg*. Maj. 
Frieroon who-vas uhis post in each day's fight, doing 
hj3 whole duty. 

Lieut. Joseph Nelson, who at this time was acting 
Regimental Quartermaster, (Lieut. Roe having re- 
jpigned, IT:v 18) deservej* much credit for his inces- 



38 HISTOKY OF THE HEGlMlvXT. 

Bant exertions in bringing up supplies ; by rimninf;- 
Ms wagon trains day aiid night, he was able to keep 
the Keginient as well supplied with rations as they 
were when in campo 

Our enth'e Iosb in this battle as entered on the Reg- 
imental Records, [Bee Part IIJ, was as follows : 

.Killed on the field 35 

Severely Wounded 114 

Taken Prisoners 8 

Total .155 ■ 

Thirty-one out of the one hundred and fourteen 
wounded, died of their wounds. 

Besides these there were at least forty others, slightly 
and very slightly wounded, who were not reported.^ 
Indeed, there vv^ere very few men who did not carry 
from the field, some mark of the deadly Minnie upon 
their persons or clothing. In proportion to the num- 
ber of men engaged, we probably lost more heavily 
than any Regiment in the Division, and perhaps in 
the army — and by vahant service on this memorable 
occasion &ecui*ed a 2;lonous remitation.. 



i 



; rii \]nT.u IV. 

\^fp Ni:,\i; MruiiMj.sBOUo, juiiauinc, «coltting, etc. 

I'"'ir several days after the battle of Stone Itiver. 
the whole army that had tak'eii part in this teiTibly 
bloody engagement remained near the battle iield.^ 
\11 were needing re^t, for the exertions of both ofti- 
• •crs and men had been extremely fatiguing, l)ut situ- 
ated as the urmy Avas?, without tents, with a very 
scanty snjtply of blankets, at midwinter: even in this 
thickly timbered (!onntrv we could not pass the nights 
comfortably, now that the excitement of action had 
subsided. i>nring the battle, night after night no 
ires were permitted. 'Fhe officers and men worn out 
tiy the labors of the day, would lie down and sleep 
till chilled through, ;ind often wet through by the 
cold i-ain, then walk and run till waiined by exercise 
But now the battle was over and each day we were 
..nticipating an advance in pursuit of the enemy, who 
7! ad fallen back to 'J'ullahoma, or orders to 'Jc int<^ 
winter quarters. 

On the morning o\ the 7th of January, the ;-'n'i 
Divitiion was ordcreil to march, and slowly njoved out 
from the thick woods, >.'orthwest of the battlefield of 
L*ecemberi)l«t. and pa-^eed directly by it. on thero^d 



40 HISTORY OF THE llEGIMENT. 

to I\Iurfreesboro. We crossed the river about a mile 
Northwest of the town, and between the river and 
town noticed the broad fields, where the enemy had a 
few days before been encamped. ^lany of their chim- 
neys were still standing, from which it was evident, 
that they had been built to last for the Winter. Pass- 
ing through Murfreesboro where all the public build- 
ings, and many private residences, had been converted 
mto hospitals, in which the enemy had been compell- 
ed to leave hundreds of their wounded — we took the 
pike leading towards McMinnville. After marching 
out about three miles the division encamped, and our 
Regiment yvm detailed for grand guard or picket. — 
On the next day w^e were relieved and found, on re- 
turning from picket, that the brigade had gone into 
camp, and was expecting to remain some time. Our 
teams had during the day come up from Nashville, 
bringing most of our tents and baggage, and v/ith 
them came a score of men. w^ho had been sent to 
Convalescent camp when we started out for the fight. 
The ensuing day was passed in hard work, cleaning 
up camp, building chimneys, &c., and about 4 o'clock, 
p. m., the whole brigade was moved some two miles 
to the Northwest, and again encamped near the Leb- 
anon pike, in a thick grove. 

The succeeding two weeks passed without incidents 
of special interest. We were in the midst of mate- 
rial for building log houses and shanties, but not yet 
having learned this material portion of the great art, 
o^f making life iu the army not only endurable, but 
agreeable, we built no Jiouses but contented ourselves 
wiih the old Sibley tents, which were subsequently 
thrown aside as murderous, and totally untit for white 
men to live in. AJmost day by day, those who had 
fallen sttJk on the Kentucky campaign and at Nash- 
ville v/ere rojoining^ u.s-, so that the decimated ranks 



FORAGING, SCOUTING, <fce. 41 

were speedily liJled up, and we had more men 
present for duty tlian we liad on the eve of battle.— 
'The weatlier was not very eold, but contimied damj), 
rainy ami disagreeable. 

<)n. tbo 23rd of January drilling again commenced, 
but the same day we were suddeuiy surprised by tiie 
"assembly" being sounded at Brigade headquarters, 
and v/ithin an hour were on the march toward Wood- 
bury. We marched that evening twelve miles to 
{^:>adyville, -where ihe 1st and 2nd Brigades of the 2d 
Division were encamped. On the 24th the whole di- 
visicri ulvanced oa Woodbury, eight miles distant, 
from .vhich the enemy were driven after a brief skir- 
mish, and the division returned late the same evening 
to the vicinity of Iteadyville. Here our brigade re- 
mained until 4 o'clock p. m. of the next day, when 
^he order came to return to camp near ]\Iurfreesboro, 
which we reached about 7 o'clock p. m., having made 
ai)out half the distance on the "double quick," while 
tha rain wji* pouring down in torrents. 

About this time the report of Col. Grosie upon the 
battle of Stone River was published, and elicited no 
little angry feeling in our llegiment. We thought 
'.hen, and still think that he did us gross (Grose) in- 
justice. He complimented all the regiments of liis 
brigade for their valor, and closed by saying that the 
new regiments (ours was the only new regiment in 
the brigade) seemed to vie with the old, ttc., tfec, — 
when we claimed, and to this day stand ready to 
prove, that we withstood tlie furious charges of the 
enemy more firmly, and maintained our positions 
more tenaciously, than any other regiment in the Brig- 
ade. I'or some time before the battle. i'-A. Grase 
and (_'ol. Waters had not btcn on very friendly terms ; 
in fact, on the Kentucky campaign eome hostility of 
feeling was engendered between them, which only 



42 HiSTOEY OF THE EEOlMENT. 

ended by reparalion at. the close of the v/ar, and at 
the time above mentioned and frequently thereaftei- 
proved not only an annoyance, but an actual injury 
to the Regiment, giving it severer duty and depriving 
it of its just deserts. But of this anon. 

This was a season in which rumors and reports 
were constantly pervading camp, one of the most 
amusing of which was that our Regiment was shortly 
to be mounted on donkeys, for outpost and scouting 
duty. 

On the 28th day of .January, the Regiment was de- 
tailed to work on the extensive fortifications, whicii 
were then being erected Northwest of the town of 
^lurfreesboro. The weather was rainy, windy, and 
excessively cold; and double rations of whiskey hav- 
ing been served out, there were not a few amusing 
incidents transpired "in the shanks in the evening."' 
Some men who had never before been known to taste 
liquor, came to camp seeing double and marching 
mightily cross-legged. Who was it that found the 
"rolling-pin?" 

On the.-ilst of January, the Regiment wjik detailed 
to guard a wagon train to and from Nashville, (from 
which place up to this time we had drawn all our sup- 
plies in wagons,) and marched through the same day. 
The next day, while the trains were being loaded, 
the officers and men had an opportunity to see their 
sick and wounded friends in the hospitals. The 
wounded of our Regiment were not recovering as rap- 
idly as might have been expected, the effects of the 
fall campaign still lingered in. their systems, and hav- 
ing been deprived of vegetable diet for months before 
they were wounded, there were many cases of erysip- 
elas and gangrened wounds. 

On the 3rd day of February (•(^1. AVaters I'cturneLii 
from home, where he had made but a vorv brief stay. 



FUKAUlNCi, ►SCOUTlNd, vti. i;; 

Slid brought the very gratifying intelligence, that the 
84th had been heard of in our o\ui 8tute ; that :it 
home it was appreciated, if it could not be by our 
Jirigade Commander. The next day the Regiment 
returned from Nashville, having had a rather un- 
pleasant trij), for the weather had been severely cold 
the last two days they were out. 

As soon as Col. Waters returned, he directed elcc 
tions to be held to iill the vacancies, occasioned by 
<leathon the held and from wounds, as well as by rc>^- 
ignations. (.'aptain Davis, of company D, had died 
o\' wounds received at Stone River; 1st Lieut. Adams 
was ])romotcd to Captain; 2nd Lieut. Scoggan to 1st 
Lieut., and Sergeant 11. 13. Miller was elected 2nd 
Lieutenant. Lieut. Kendrick, of com]jany 1, died in 
hospital at JJowling (ii-eeii, Ky., in November, and 
Q. M. Sergeant A. 8. I^b*J)owell having been elected 
2nd Lieut., had connnand of the company through 
ihe battle, as Capt. Griffith and 1st Lieut. Scott were 
both in hos])ital. when we marched from Nashville. 
('aj)tain Critlith having resigned, Lieut. McDowell 
was now promoted to the Ca])taincy. Company 11 
had been })articularly unfortunate in battle, 1st Lieut. 
Hall and 2nd Tiieut. Abercrombic having been killed 
on the field, private Peter McLain was now elected 
1st Lieutenant and (jor])oral J. N. White 2nd Jjieu- 
tenant, to Iill these vattancies. While speaking of })ro- 
motions, we may here mention the fact that 2d Lieut, 
.lames A. Russell, of company 13, had been promoted 
lo 1st Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster be- 
fore we left Nashville: but being on duty as Brigade 
ComnjissaiT at the time, did not enter upon the duties 
i)f his oftice until .January 1, 1868. Sergeant Dil- 
worth had been promoted to 2d Lieut, of company 
R, and this we believe concludes the list of commis- 
jioned ollicers up to March 1, 1803. Early in Feb- 



4^: HISTOEY OF TBJt^ REGIMENT. 

riiary i'lie question was started, and not a little agitat- 
ed, us to seniority, or in common parlance who was 
the ranking Captain of the Regiment ; a question of 
niuch importance in case of the absence or inabihty 
of the Colonel, Lieut. CoL and Major : but the question 
\\'i,i not settled till several months after, when Capt. 
iorvin, whose claims were advocated by many (includ- 
ing the author), did not receive the honor justly merit- 
ed, by organizing the first company for the Regiment. 

On the 8th day of February, the Regiment was or- 
dered out to guard a foraging train, and had a very 
severe day's workj marching out fourteen miles, load- 
ing a large train and guarding it to camp. Though 
the Regiment had recruited very much since the bat- 
tle, there were in February a great many sick, and as 
each company had only one wall and two Sibley tents, 
we cannot think it remarkable that many should have 
suffered from living in such close quarters. 

On the lOth of February, the rifle pits in front of 
our camps were commenced, and for several day& 
heavy details were made for this duty. Still there 
were many (there always is), who remained in camp, 
but they are seldom idle. At this particular time, 
about three-fourths of the whole Regiment were de- 
voting their leisure hours to making rings, shields, 
ete., out of the beautiful white muscle shells, which 
were found in the shoals and on the banks of Stone 
River. Many of these articles, manufactured in camp, 
no doubt speedily found their way to the homes of 
the makers, and will long be preserved as mementoes,- 
as keepsakes from the hands of a battle-tried soldier; 

On the 20th of February, another of those hard 
days marches was made with o foraging train; The* 
Regiment this time went back towards Nashville, and 
after crossing Stewart's creek, turned to the left in 
the neighborhood of Smyrna., sixteen miles froui 



IXJRAGING, SCOUTING, &t. ^C* 

<>smp, there loaded their train, and returned to camp 
the same night. 

On the 22d of February, Gen. Rosecrans issued a 
very patriotic and complimentary order, and directed 
that a battery from each Division fire a salute. The 
4th U. S. battery attached to our brigade, executed 
the order in tine style about sunset. About this time 
Gen. Rosecrans also issued his order, directing the se- 
lection in each company of each Regiment, of the 
men who had particularly distinguished tiiomselves in 
the recent engagement, directing tliut tlicir namch 
should be entered upon a roll, to l)c kn^nvn as iho 
"roll of honor." The selection in our Regiment was 
promptly made, but the result seems to have been 
lost from the Regimentid records, and we regret our 
inability to give the iiames of the soldiers, which were 
placed upon the roll. We will state in passing, thai, 
if was the design of Gen. Rusecrans to organize the 
men, thus designated into battalions, for special duty 
in scouting, etc., but this design wms snbset}uentl\ 
field iinjtracticablc by the War [.)epartinont, and tlii-. 
"roll of hofior" was almost if not entirely forgotten, 
tie the close of the war. 

On the 24t,h of February, the Regiment drew n 
ration of soft bread, that is, ordinary baker's bread, tlic 
tirst that, we had seen hince we crossed rhc Ohio 
river. During the month of February, most vl' tlie 
officers of the Regiment were very busy makitig <tuL 
their Ordnance returns, and the almost iimumerablc. 
reports, required at Regimentu!, l^rigade, Division ami 
Department Head-quarters. 

(Jn the 4th day of March, 18G:{, the. Regiment 
having been in a commotion for at least three weekr, 
on this account, received pay to the 31st of Decem- 
ber, 18G2. It was a day for settling all accounts, tor 
no sooner did the mea receive their hard-e;irned 



AG IITSTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

s^roeiibacks, than they hastened to the Sutler's andio 
•jther creditors and squared accounts. This custom 
ever continued prevalent in the army, and it was most 
common, on the day after pay-day to hear the men 
paying in oWiltRnt tone, that they owed >jo man any- 
thing. 

(.hi this same day, (March 4th,) Sergt. Edson, J, 
C Waters, and several others who had been severely 
wounded, rejoined us alilo for duty. These were the 
iirst of our wounded, who had returned from hospital 
since the battle. At least two thirds of those who 
were severely wounded, never rejoined us afterward; 
many were assigned to duty in hospitals, many were 
discharged, and a few were so unfortunate as subse- 
'luently to be tra.nsferred to the Veteran Reserve,, or 
invalid Corps. From the fact, that men who disliked 
hard work, or would flinch m the hour of trial and 
danger, had on one pretext and another obtained 
transfers to this Corps ; it became very unpopular with 
men at the front, and members of it were generally 
designated as "Condemned Yankees.'' 

On the sixth day of March, the author in company 
M'ith Uncle Chauncy Case, (the oldest man in the Reg- 
iment), and J. G. Waters, visited the battle field of 
Stone River. We noted particularly the positions of 
both armies, and especially the positions held and so 
]>ertinaciously maintained ]>y our RegimxCnt, during 
that day of carnage, commotion and slaughter, De- 
cem.ber .31st 1862. Though more than two months 
had elapsed, there was abundance of mementoes of 
the tci-rible conflict, in the split and shivered trees, 
the barked and bruised underbrush, the fragments of 
shells and more than all the flattened " minnie balls," 
wliich we could gather up by scores, anywhere over 
many broad acres. The field of the battle of .Janua- 
ry 2d, did not furnish nearlv so manv indications of 



FORAGING, SCOUTING &c. 47 

the reoont deadly Rtrugle, but at tlie ford of Stone 
Kivfti-, where the Regiment crossed tliree times durino- 
the battle, we found many "mirmies" among the 
beautiful sheik. We seeured a lot memoriali^, and 
on our retui-n towards eamp, went to each of the strong- 
positions taken by the defeated army; thence to the 
strong forts and breastworks, at this time nearly com- 
pleted under the direction of Gen. Rosecrans, which 
have been the means of Jcoeping Mnrfreesboro in our 
possession, ever since it was gained l)y the great bat- 
tle of Stone River, by the blood ;md livo-^of thousand-i 
of brave, noble and patriotic men. 



CHAPTEla V. 

'€AMP NEAR MUEFKEESBORO, A:ND AT C'RilPrtJE CilEl^K, 
TENNESSEE. 

On the 23d of March 1863, we again moved camp 
and took position only about a mile from the town of 
Murfeesboro. Col. L. H. Waters was now in com- 
mand of the Brigade, in the absence of Co!. Grose, 
Avho'was at home on leave of' absence. The Colonel 
selected a fine high dry location and arranged the 
cam'p^'of the Brigade in two lines, about two hundred 
y^ds distant from each other. A few days were oc- 
cupied in putting our new camp in order, for the field 
selected had been last planted in corn, a,nd now had to 
be leveled, and the stalks carried off and burnt; but soon 
no were sweeping it off every mor«»ng, and keeping it 
level, smooth and de&nly. While in this camp, many 
men of our Regiment were the happy recipients of 
boxes of good things, sach as butter, dried fruit, pick- 
le.", onions, etc, etc. from home. 

At the former camp as well as here the drill by 
battalion and brigade was most vigorously cor - 
hnuod, and our Regiment could now in almost any 
maneuver compare very favorably, with the beet drill- 
'ed regiments of our division. 

We continue*! to ui»e our . old, unhealthy, Sibley 



LIFE IN CAMP. -iS 

tents, until the 26th of March, when a large lot of new 
shelter tentH were issued ; and before the end of the 
month, all the Siblc^t tents, and the wall tents except 
one for each company, and four for the use of the field 
and staff of each regiment, were turned over and sent 
away. Not a liltle grumbling wa* there throughout the 
camp, when this new kind of tents wer*; intoduced. 
Thry almost instantly received the name of "purp" 
tents, which was long retained. In a few days howew- 
er, the men began to find that they could be much 
more comfortable in these tents than in the old ones. 
Each mess of four, could have a snug little ehanty of 
of their own, covered by these small tents, and within u. 
month alf were perfectly satisfied, that they were u 
great improvement on the Sihloy. 

From this time the health of the Regiment improved 
rapidly, and to this change of tents, ^.vc doubt not, it 
may be fairly attributed. 

About the 28th we again marched out to Cripple 
Creek, and remained two days awaiting an attack, but 
the enemy were only reconnoitering, so. after testing 
our lines they retired, and our Brigade returned to camp. 
During the last days of the month, we had one officer 
and twenty-two men detailed for duty on picket each 
day, and one hundred and forty men to work on a new 
line of fortifications, which were now being erected 
about a mile and a half cast of the town. 

Early in this month, it had been proposed to present 
our honored and beloved Colonel with a fine sword, and 
within two hours after the subscription was started, 
more than a hundred dollars were Subscribed, the men 
giving from twenty. five cents to a dollar each. Capt. 
Erviu having an opportunity to purchase the proposed 
present while on his way home on leave of absence, 
was the Agent of the Regiment in procuring it, and 
when he returned on the evening of ^larch 31st, it was 
at once proposed to make the presentation. By the 



50 HISTORY OF THE REGIME^'T. 

next evening, all our preparations "were completed, to 
make the presentation immediately after dress parade. 
We had succeeded in lieeping the scheme a secret from 
the Colonel, and this evening invited him to attend 
dress parade. He was a little surprised that the brass 
band of the brigade should also be in attendance. As 
soon as this was over, the Regiment was drawn up in a 
hollow square, and the band played "The Battle Cry 
v>f Freedom" splendidly. The author had been se- 
lected to make the presentation address, and at its 
close, had the honor of placing in the hands of Col. 
Waters, the beautiful memento of his Regiment's es- 
teem, respect, love and admiration. The sword was 
valued at one hundred and Mty dollars. The blade 
was of very fine quality, the scabbard heavily gilt, 
V7ith pearl mountings or settings! Verily he may con- 
aider it one of his brightest laurels, and we doubt not 
it will be an heirloom in his family for many genera- 
tions. On receiving it, lie responded in his usual hap- 
py style, and drew tears, and in turn cheers loud and 
long from the assembled Regiment, his companions in 
trials, privations,, hardships and the deadly conflict, 
where the reaper Death, gathered his awful harvest. 

During the first week of April, we again marched 
with the Brigade to Woodbury, where we met the ene- 
my's pickets and drove them back after a brief skir- 
mish, then fell back a mile or two behind a hill and 
waited for a attack. Our Regiment was left alone 
during the night, the remainder of the Brigade going 
still further to the rear, but in easy supporting distance, 
in case assistance was needed. But the enemy did not 
advance,and Iti the morning the brigade marched through 
the town of Woodbury, then turning to the left, marched 
up the valley of Stone river seven or eight miles toward 
Short mountain. The valley was narrow and the road 
crossed the river very frequently. We had to wade Jt 
twenty-one times m going out ten roiles froia town^ 



m-E IN CA^rp. 51 

and as many in returning to camp. The march was 
tedious, and not only tbis, but beinj^ so frequently in 
liie water, almost every aian in the Regiment returned 
n-ith badly blistered feet. Tha cavalry advanced still 
liirther into the country, and brought in two rebel sut- 
Irri with their wagons loaded with tobacoo. Thanks 
(o Gen. Palmer ! we had a share of this capture, with- 
■tilt price, a few days later. 

The next day, April Tth, wc marched about six miles 
back toward Jleadyville, and then turned tjouth up 
Locke creek, eight miles to Bradyville, where we halted 
an hour for dinner, then started on the roughest pike 
jn America, toward Murfrecsboro. ^Ve had gone but 
two or three miles, when our reat guanl was attacked 
by the enemy, but it was only a single dash by a small 
force of the enemy's cavalry, and they were gone be- 
fore the'S4th could "double-quick" to the support of the 
regiment attacked. The battalion of cavalry which 
liad accompanied us on the scout, were to have met 
our brigade at Bradyville, and failing to do so or come 
up, we halted for the night some four or five miles from 
Bradyville, fully believing that they were captured, and 
that the enemy would next try to "take in" our email 
brigade ; but morning came, and we proceeded to 
camp, where we learned that the cavalry were safe at 
Readyville, when we expected them at Bradyville. — 
The mistake having grown out of the similarity of the 
names of these places. 

We had known something of bli;^tt) ed feet in Ken- 
tucky, and on marches with trains, but this short trip 
oame nearer taking "all the hide off at once," as we 
heard a soldier remark, than any we hnd before under- 
taken. 

On the evening of April 8th Jos. <i. Waters was 
elected 1st Lieut, company C. He had refused a com- 
mission at the organization of the Regiment, prefer- 
ring to take his place in the nuke, and win promotion 



52 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT 

hj doing a private soldiers whole duty. He had served- 
faithfully in the ranks and on special detail, up to this 
time, and now began to receive the reward most justly 
iLAented. 

On the 11th day of April, we were again paid, and 
the railroad having been opened from Nashville, we 
were able to procure the daily papers, and some light 
literature, principally yellow-backed and cbafly. 

Our camp was one of the finest we ever laid off or 
decorated. It was set with cedar trees and bushes, not 
transplanted, but cut in the nearest woods,™the ground 
was first leveled and then each morning swept, until it 
was as smooth, and almost as kard as a brick pave- 
ment. 

About this time, the Colonel had a, minute inspection 
of arms at guard mounting, and excused each day from 
duty, the three men whose arms and accoutrements were 
in the beat condition. This led to competition, and 
soon our Regiment could boast of as highly polished 
arm5, and as complete accoutrements as any Regiment 
in the service. It soon became almost an impossibility 
to excuse from duty, on this account, and the clothing 
and general appearance was made the test. This 
brought out the guard every morning, as neat and tidy 
as though dressed for a holiday, and induced habits of 
cleanliness andneatness, which were of substantial ad- 
vantage. 

It would be most unkind to omit to notice, ths r-irB 
present at this time, April 11th, received from the 
Needle Pickets of Quincy, Illinois. It cozisisted of one 
barrel of pickles, one of sour kraut, ons of onions, 
two or three of potatoes, some dried fruit and other 
delicacies which were received with shouts of joj^ and 
were esteemed the greatest of luxuries by all. Long 
life and the best of Heavaa's blessiags to this noble 
society, the Needle Pickers of Quincy. These tiinga 
were received when we, wera n'Sediag yegetables yl:j 



Lll-E IN CAMP. 5.-5 

badly. AVo could now and then buy a few potatoes :.t 
Murtrecsboro, as the moderatk prick of ^20 per bbl., 
ami theso were all that could be had at any i)rice. Is 
it strange then, that this small supply of vegetables 
for a Regiment was received with shouts of joy and 
gratitude ? 

On the 1st day of May, the vexed question of rank, 
among the captains of the llegimcnt, was ilnally deci- 
ded by lot. Many, and among them the author, 
thought Capt. Ervin entitled to this honor, as he or- 
ganized the first company for the Regiment. But it 
was agreed by all those interested, that is by all the 
original Captains, that it should be decided in this way; 
and now again was Oapt. lliggins as fortunate as when 
drawing for letters at Quincy, Ills. Capt McDowell, 
who laid no claim to seniority prepared .the tickets, 
and Capt. Higgins drew No. 1, Capt. Cox No. 2, Capt. 
Tousley No. ii, Capt. Ervin No. 4, Capt. McGaw No. 
5, and Capt. Pepper No. 6. Capt. Gartermiclit de- 
clined to draw claiming, that the place justly belonged 
to him and he hazarded his rights by so doing. His 
rights in this respect, the Regiment never could fairly 
understand, and the gallant Captain urged on as he no 
doubt constantly was by the Lieut. Col., might have 
long persisted in his claim, had he not ajipealed to 
higliiT authority". Gen Palmer when the communica- 
tion caino to him, decided that rank depended upon date 
of muster, and between those mustered on the same 
day, it could only be determined by lot. As Capt. G. 
was not mustered until Sept. li'th, 18G2, of course, 
he could not succeed. 

Drill, parados, reviews etc., were now every day ex- 
ercises, and this coutinued until May 12th, when wo 
set out ou a march a littio after midnight, and were ex- 
pecting to go forAvard to McMinnville. But we halted 
at daylight, near Cripple creek, and after lying there 
u day or two, again encamped about u mile north of 



54 mSTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

the pike and some forty reds from the creek, where we 
remained until the 24th of June. Only two days were 
allowed for laying out and policing camp, and then 
drilling, generally by brigade or battalion Avas the daily 
routine. During this month, most if not all the officers 
of the Regiment commanding companies, made out 
their returns, and began to acquire a pretty good un- 
derstanding of this important branch of their duty. 

At this camp several new officers were elected, and a 
few received promotion, Sergt. Edson was elected 2nd 
Lieut, of Co. A. vice Lieut, Starnes who had resigned, 
2nd Lieut. Logue of Co. I was promoted to 1st Lieut, 
and private D. M. Alexander was elected 2nd Lieut, 
vice Lieut Logue promoted. Private W. F. Jones of 
Co. C, was elected 2nd Lieut, vice Lieut Pearson who 
had resigned. Sergeant R. S. Roeshlaub of Co. E. 
was elected 2ud Lieut, vice Lieut. Lewis promoted to 
1st Lieut, and 1st Lieut. H. P. Roberts of Co. E, hav- 
ing been very severely wounded at Stone river was 
promoted to the chaplaincy of the Regiment, vice Chap- 
lain Harris who had resigned. Chaplain Roberts hav- 
recovered from his wounds rejoined the Regiment for 
<luty on the 8th of June. Most of the officers above 
named were mustered on the 9th of June, to date from 
the day of promotion or election. Several times during 
our stay at this camp the enemy were reported advanc- 
ing upon us, and we were two or three times sent out 
on a scout to discover their intentions; and when final- 
ly they evinced no intention of making an attack, we 
began hourly to anticipate an order for us to march to- 
ward them at Tullahoma, of Chattanooga. 

At this time we were daily getting the news of Gen, 
Grant's successes in the neighborhood of Yicksburg, 
and at least twenty times did the report come, that the 
almost invulnerable citadel had fallen. These rumors 
made all anxious for an advance. It is irksome to lie 
idly in camp, and day after day read of another army 



LIFE IN CAMP. 55 

achieving grand and glorious victories. The soldier 
forgets the toil of march and danger of battle when he 
hears of succesSj and becomes impatient to go forward 
and do his part, and secure his portion of the laurels be- 
>towed by the nation, upon the victorious. 

Early in June, nearly every preparation for a cam- 
paign was completed, and we were unable to compre- 
hend the cause of our delay. However, we were in 
:\ very pleasant camp, and wc were very fortunately 
siiuated in respect to rations; for besides the usual ra- 
tions issued, we were able to barter coftec, sugar, salt, 
rtc., for vegetables, butter and eggs, which were brought 
10 our lines daily by scores of women. The trade in 
these articles was lively, and almost every day a large 
number of men went to the picket posts to exchange u 
portion of their rations for these farm products. Ah, 
yo«!, Ave had almost forgotten one of the most imortant 
■irliclos of Iraflic — snuff, which we were surprised to 
Jearn was eagerly sought by the fair ladies of the South, 
to be "dipped" with a brush or a sticK chewed to re- 
semble one. Man}', but we are happy to state, not all 
the ladies (»f the K^outh are addicted to the filthy and 
disgusting habit of '-snuff dipping." 

On .Tune 23d 18Go, wc were called upon to witness 
the only militry execution that ever took place in our 
Division. The whole Division was assembled, and u 
deserter, who hail been the third time convicted, was 
narched back and forth through the entire command, 
then placed next to a HiQC\^ hillside, upon his coffin and 
shot dead. He was (|uito young, had been guilty cf 
many misdemeanors, and bore upon his countenance 
the marks of dissipation. His manner while loarchinj; 
was careless, almost reckless, and he met his fate with 
a real soldier's indifference and 6toici>?m. He was a 
member of the Ist Ky. Vols. 

The evening after the execution,' wc received orders 
to Diarch at 7 o'ck'ck a. la. ihc next iDorningj and wo 



OG I HISTOKY OF THE EEGIMENTj 

fcooi"! learned that iho -vvliole army would by different 
roaoJB advance towards Tullalioma. 



CHAPTER VI. 

THE ADVANCE TO TULLAHOMA AND EI.K RIVER. 

The long expected order to iiiarcli was at lencrth re- 
ceived. Inunediately the Surgeon's call sounded, 
and all who did not think themselves able to niarcli, 
assembled in front of the Surgeon's quarters. Upon 
his certificate the could march back to convalescent 
camp near ^Iiniree.sboro, but if he decided that they 
Mere tit for duty, they nuist go forward. It wass 
worthy of remark at this time, that some of the men 
who came up for examination were apparently the 
most robust and healthy, of any to be found in the 
llcgiment. Not all who came to the Surgeon's tent, 
obtained a pass to the rear. On the morning of June 
24th, 18GH, the abvance from the vicinity of Mur- 
freesboro commenced. Our Regiment was detailed 
as rear guard of the Division, and this placed us in 
the rear of the wagon trains. We were hardly upon 
the road, betbre a hca^■y rain set in, whicli (\)ntinucd 
ahwost without interruption that day and niglit ; yea, 
for more than two weeks. We marched nearly south 
from our camp on Cripjile Creek, to strike the pike 
from 3Iui-freesboro to Readyvillc: and in so doing 
followed an old woods or ncighboi-liood road, which, 
after a few hours of incessant rain become almost im- 



58 HISTORY OF THE REGIjMENT. 

passible. Tlie artillery cut it up so that tlic wagon 
trains found it impossible to pass, until new routes 
ViTcre selected and cut out through the woods. Wo 
had started with full baggage, having seven teams to 
each regiment, but before night all the teams of the 
Division were found to be overloaded, many wagons 
ivej'e broken down, and considerable baggage aban- 
doned. Our Division trains reached the pike about 
dark, and the Regiment bivouacked at 10 o'clock p. 
;ti. about half a mile south of Brady ville. 

We now learned that the whole corps (21st) under 
command of Maj. Gen. Crittenden, had halted for 
the night in and around Bradyville ; and that this 
corps was to advance directly on ]\Ianchester, -ohilo 
Gen. Thomas' (14th) and Gen. McCooks' (20th) Corps 
took the direct road to Tallahoma, via Hoover's and 
Liberty Gap. 

The next morning the rain poured down in tor- 
rents, but soon the bugles sounded "forward ;" and 
starting nearly due South from Bradyville, we traced 
a small stream in a deep valley five or six miles, near- 
ly to its source, and after crossing it many times, 
turned to the left and began to ascend the mountain, 
which was quite steep for at least a mile. The troops 
ascended almost as rapidly as though marching on a 
level, but the artillery and trains found it a most toil- 
some and wearisome task, and for about three days 
and nights were incessantly employed, before all were 
upon the table lands at the summit. 

We heard the distant thunder of artillery on our 
right, almost incessantly after nine o'clock in the 
morning; and knew that a battle was going on at 
Hoover's, and ]^robably also, at Liberty Gap. W^e 
were upon the emcny's Hank, and found only here 
and there a picket post, but no force whatever to op- 
pose our advance. 



ADVANCE TO TULLAII03IA. bi) 

We advanced only two miles after ascending the 
jnountain, as we were forced to wait until the artillery 
and wagon trains came up. Heavy details were sent 
to as.sist in the work ot bringing these forward, and 
most of the artillery was pulled up by the men, 
fifty or more pullingup a piece with long cables. The 
next day this work continued, the rain still falling in 
frequent heavy showers. ^'J'he sound of cannon to- 
ward the A\\'fit, seemed to be slowly moving h^outh- 
ward, and by this we were informed that the enemy 
wm'e giving way. No enemy appeared in our front, 
but Home scouts took prisoner an old man by tho 
n;nue of Johnson, who had frequently been in our 
cnmi) '** Cripple rreek. He lived only two or three 
miles fn»m that camp, yet when taken, had a hoc on 
his shoulder said he "whs going to hoe on his farm.'' 
A\'c happened to know that his farm, was some twelve 
*>v fifteen miles in the contrary direction. Ifc was a 
^!n•cwd old spy. 

About noon on the 2f)th, wc were again orderc<l 
to march, and having thrown out of our knapsacks 
and wagons, all surplus apparel, equipage, and bag- 
gage ; we set out for Manchester, now about sixteen 
miles distant. 'Jlie sun soon came out scalding hot, 
and as we marched unusually fast, the heat speedily 
became very oj)]u-cssrvc. Our route lay through a 
thickly timbered level country, in which were hero 
iind there swamps and miry streams. We marcheil 
about ten miles that evening and liivouacked in an 
open Held, when we were again during the night al- 
most deluged. The oldest soldier, (inhabitant was 
not at home,) never saw it rain harder. Wv were 
now within supporting distance of the cavalry, who, 
on the following morning took possession of Manche.'^- 
ter, without firing a gun. 

On the 29th we marched through tOM-n, and canqi- 



m HISTORY OF THE EEGIME^^T. 

ed about a mile Soiitlieast of it on the Hillsborougli 
road. The rain still continued, drenching us each 
day, and soaking us every night ; but all were light 
hearted and cheerful, unmindful of exposure, toil or 
hardship ; so that the enemy were being forced back 
toward their "last ditch." We now found the shelter 
tents of great service to us ; and these together with 
a rubber poncho were all that was carried by officers 
and men, for shelter, bed and bedding. On the 30th, 
wo stored knapsacks and camp equipage at ]\Ianclies- 
tor, for the remainder of the campaign, prepared Pay 
Ilolls, and were mustered for pay. On the same day, 
(Jol. AVilder's brigade of mounted infantry returned 
trom Decherd, where they had gone to cut the rail- 
load, but found Bragg's retreating army too strong 
Ibr them. The next day, (it having rained nearly all 
night.) was one of the hottest we had over seen ; yet 
about noon we marched, taking the old road to Pel- 
ham. Three miles south of Manchester we came in- 
to a swamp, which we found almost impossil^le to 
cross. T'he artillery and ammunition trains were mired 
every few rods. Our Regiment being again rear 
guard, bad a hard afternoon's work in getting part of 
the annnunition train]through and having accomplished 
it, wc encamped expecting to be relieved in the morn- 
ing; but at daylight the next morning, one hundred 
and fifty men were ordered back to bring out the re- 
mainder of the annnunition. Before i) o'clock this 
severe task was ac(!omj)lished; and we set forward to 
rejoin the brigade. AVe had scarcely advanced half a 
mile, whpn Col. Orese ordered us back, to bring an- 
other train out of the swamp. With much cursino- 
it was done; wc were l»y this time accustomed to his 
unjust treatment, and we again pushed forward and 
overtook the brigade. We marched rapidly, for it 
was said wo were a day- behind time ; and as the ther- 



AlA AXCi: TO TULLAIIOMA. Gl 

momcter stood, (or Avoiild have stood, hud there been 
one in that wooden country) ut about 100 degrees, 
Ave suHered severely from heat. ]\lany fell out of the 
janks entirely overcome by it, and came up dui'ing 
tlio evenini;-. Five cases of sunstroke were reported 
in the Division. 

On the morning of Jkdy .'^rd, we struck a road lead- 
ing from Hillsborough to Winchester, and tui-ncd to- 
wards the latter place ; l)ut had advanced but three 
iiu'lcs when it began to rain, and before we could 
reach Elk river, oidy about two miles distant, the 
Mhole river bottom was overflowed, anil we fo\md it 
utterly im])ossible to cross. Gen. Palmer tinding a 
further ailvance in that direction checked, turned 
back until a irood eampinir iiroinid was iouud, and 
there we rested until July <Sth. We were now ahnost 
entii'ely out of rntious, and the moment we halted to 
go into camp, hundreds of men started out without 
permission, to forage uj)on the surrounding country. 
They found large patches of ]>otatoes, which they 
dug: aii<l abundance of hogs, cattle and sheej), not a 
few of which they <|uiekly slaughtered. ISoon the 
'•itizens poured in Irom the country, reporting that 
lhe soldiers were ruining them, and Oen. Palmer im- 
mediately sent out ])atrols, and j)rovost guai'ds who 
.-irre.-^ted all engaged in the work of devastation. — 
( )ver t\v(» luuulreil men were arrested that evening; 
'/f whom we are ]>leased to state, but one belonged to 
oni- Regiment. "\\'e had brought in abundance \h'- 
forc the i>atr<jls went out, — only the laggards wove 
canght. 

On the morning of July 4th, it ras reported that the 
cueuiy were on full retreat to Bridgeport, Ala., and 
that the summer camp;.ign was ended. ^Ve drew halt" 
rations, and on these, with our "farm ])roduce" made a 
very good dinner. We had many rumors in camp uur- 



62 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

ing the day, and neAvs of a convention at Springfield, 
111. All the soldiers who read or heard of this conven- 
tion and its proceedings were very indignant, and near- 
ly all were inclined to vote the members of it, uncom- 
fortably warm quarters in the Hereafter. We were 
to a man, in favor of a "furtlier offensive prosecution 
of the war," and alliterated Macbeth's famous oath, to 
"Damned be he, who now cries hold, enough.'' 

On the 7th, we began about noon to hear heavy ar- 
tillery in the direction of Murfreesboro, but could hard- 
ly think that strongly fortified place attacked. Two 
h'urs later, the same steady firing was heard nearly 
West of us, and we were satisfied that it must be a. na- 
tional salute. What had happened ? why is it fired ? 
was asked on every hand, but no one could answer with 
certainty. Soon the news came that Vicksburg hail 
surrendered to Gen. Grant with 30,000 men, and that 
Gen. Meade had defeated Gen Lee, after three days hard 
fi^-hting at Gettysburg. In a moment our camp was 
wild witli enthusiasm, and cheer succeeded cheer so 
rapidly, that an almost unbroken shout of joy resound- 
ed for hours — until after a heavy rain drove all to seek 
shelter in their tents. Such an outburst of feelino- 
such an expression of en thusiastic joy, was never be- 
fore witnessed in our army. 

« On the 8th, we marched back via Hillsborough aim est 
to Manchester, a distance of at least sixteen miles, 
wading in mud and water, from six inches to three feet 
deep, nearly the whole way. Many called it the hard- 
est days march, they had ever made ; but if this was the 
case, they had not been with us all the way from Louis- 
ville. This was the second day, it did not rain during 
the campaign. Wearied and worn, we encampad just 
before sunset, about a mile and a half East of Manches- 
ter, on a high dry piece of land, near good springs and 
abundance of timber. The next day we laid off' a nice 
camp, and within a week built arbors to protect us from 



ADVANCE TO TULLAHOMA. (;:5 

tlic midsummer's sun. Tlic railroad was soon complo- 
ed thus far, and rations and all kinds of supplies be- 
came plentiful. Every day, details ■were sent out to 
gather blackberries which _i2;rew in profusion in this 
vicinity, and were larjre and luscious. 

The brigade camp guard, (Col. Grose's pet torment) 
was the especial nuisance of our stay, which was of 
several weeks duration, and meanwhile "wc were kept 
constantly employed. First, our Division had fifteen 
thousand railroad ties to cut ; of which, the share of 
our llegiment was about seven hundred ; then a large 
lot of railroad wood, our portion being about forty 
cords : and then came foraging, and the usual picket 
and guard duty. 

On the morning of the 18th, our highly esteemetl 
Coior Sergeant. Eddy Piper, died of typhoid fever, in- 
duced by the exposure and hardships of the recent 
campaign. He was one of the youngest members of 
the Regiment ami a faithful, diligent, bravo and noble- 
hearted boy, beloved by all who knew him ; and it 
seemed hard that he should die so young, so far away 
from homo and kindred. Peace be to his ashes : wliile 
in our hearts his memory is fondly cherished, lli^ life 
was a willing sacrifice for his beloved country, he fills 
a martyr's honored grave. The next day Chaplain 
lloberts rejoined us, and wchad meeting in camp by our 
own Chaplain for the first time since we left Nashville. 

On the 21st we were again paid, and having tl»c 
money we couhl have purchased a good many vc'^eta- 
ble.^, etc., from the people of the surrounding country, 
had it not been an infringement of -Col. Grose's very 
stringent orders. lie even undertook to prohibit the 
men from going to the brigade bakery, which was es- 
tablished on the roail to the Springs from which all 
brought water, and was scarcely llfty yards distant 
from camp. 

On the 21st the whole Regiment was painfully sur- 



m HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

prised to learn that Captain Peppsr had received no- 
tice, that he was dismissed from the service, with loss 
of all pay and allowances then due him. The Captain 
was verj highly esteemed, and few could believe that 
he wa^ guilty of making fraudulent returns, as alleged 
against iiim. We are happy to state that he was, not 
many months after, reinstated and honorably discharg- 
ed. Before he bid adieu to the Regiment ; the officers, 
(except those of company B, and Oapt. Tousely of 
company E,) contributed one hundred and twency-five 
dollars to purchase him. a watch, as a memorial of their 
high estimation, and accompanied him to the depot 
when ho started for home. 

On the 25th, Lt. Col. Hamer received notice that his 
resignation was accepted, and made immediate prepara- 
tions to leave us. He had never fully recover from 
the wound he received at Stone River ; where he was 
struck by a minnie ball directly over the heart, and had 
it not been for his steel plated vest, would have been in- 
stantly killed ; but the steel plate though bent and de- 
pressed, turned aside the terrible missile and saved his 
life; yet the shock was so great that t le Lt. Colonel was 
unhorsed, and very severely bruised both by the bullet 
-and the fall. He rallied for a short time, but soon was 
-obliged to ask a leave of absence, to recover at home 
from the effects of his wounds. After two months he 
returned to the Regiment, but was never really able 
for duty and was finally compelled to resign. He had 
]nanv warm friends in the Rcoiiment, who were sorry 
to se3 him go, though realizing that it was from a life 
full of hardships and dangers, to one of comfort, pleas- 
ure and safety. 

On the 29th, Lieutenant and Quartermaster James 
A Russell, having previously sent in his resignation, 
.started for Nashville, his health being so precarious 
that very few thouglit he would live to reach home. — 
J lis resignation was accepted on the 2t3th, and on the 



ADVANCE TO TULLAHO^IA. 05. 

28th the author was appointed to fill liis place. The 
promotion from private, to 1st Lieutenant and Quarter- 
master .was thankfully, gratefully received, and on the 
1st day of August, we (individually) entered upon the 
duties of the office. 

Lt. Col. llamer having resigned, Major Morton was 
promoted to fill the place, and now arose the question 
who should be Major. It had been settled some months 
bofore that this should be determined by a vote of the 
officers of the line. Captains Ervin, Garternicht and 
Cox were the prominent candidates. With many oth- 
ers the author believed that Capt. Ervin should have 
the place, but wh«n the election came on it was found 
that he could not be elected.' 

The election of Major, was a matter of great interest 
to the whole Regiment, and on the first ballots nearly 
all the Captains were candidates. There had been not 
a little electioneering and the right and left wings of 
the Ilegiment sought the honor, for a Captain on their 
side of the Colors. Finally, at each ballot the candi- 
date having the least number of voters was withdrawn 
and on the *Jth ballot Capt. Cox secured thirteen (13) 
votes, and Capt. Garternicht (his only remaining com- 
petitor) eleven (11) votes ; when Capt. Cox was de- 
clared duly elected Major. This election created a 
very unusual excitement throughout our camp, an<l a^ 
usual some were sad and others merry, when the result 
was announced. We have ever believed that had the 
vote been taken of the enlisted men, (Japt. Ervin would 
have succeeded, without half a dozen ballots, as it was, 
there were so many conflicting interests to affect tin 
minds and votes of the electors, that it was quite a te- 
dious struggle. 

As it resulted, a most thoroughly qualified, compe- 
tent brave and energetic oflicer was selected, and many 
niouthtj afterward, when all excitement had passed 
away, wo frequently heard it remarked that the Keg^- 



06 IIISTOKY OF THE REGISIENT. 

ment was most fortunate in its choice of Major Cox. — 
The ensuing morning Lieut. Joseph Nelson was promo- 
ted to Capt. of Company F, to fill the place vacated 
by the election of Major Cox; and 1st Sergeant Khoads 
K. Dil worth was elected 1st Lieutenant by an almost 
unanimous vote of the Company. 

From the 1st to the loth of August, there was the 
usual routine of camp duty, constant drill, frequent 
inspections, and two or three reviews. There was 
constant attention given to putting everything in 
readiness for a move. Stores of all lands were ac- 
cumulated at the Railroad depot, the wagon trains 
were filled up and refitte^l, and on the 11th all men 
not able to march were sent by Raih-oad to the rear. 
We knew that vvdthin a few days some movement 
would take place, and there was not a little specula- 
tion as to the direction. Chattanooga was most gen- 
t-rally named as the objective point, though some 
contended we should strike for Knoxville. On the 
loth we had orders to be ready to move at 6 a. m., 
the next day, and learned that the other divisions of 
<.»ur Corps had a day earlier received the same orders. 
Gen. "Wood's division was at Hillsboro, and on the 
J oth they commenced turning into store, at the dcj)ot 
at ]\[anchester, all surplus baggage, including knap- 
sacks, desks, trunks, etc. AVe prepared to do tli ; 
same, and on the morning of the IGth deposited at. 
the depot two-thirds of all the baggage we had, in- 
cluding all our wall tents but one or two, and nearly 
all the knapsacks generally well filled with clotliing. 

"We would frequently take pleasure in giving some 
description of the country through wliich we marched, 
if it were not for making our Jiistory tedious, and 
here cannot forbear a brief description of an old fort 
near ]\I;inchester. It is j^robably a thousand years- 
old, for there are many mark^g of great antiquity 



ADVANCE TO U'ULT.AHO^LV. 07 

about it; and cvt»n the Judiaus, Avho formerly resided 
liere, arc said to have had iK»t the least tradition in 
rei;ard to it. It is situated upon a high point of land 
at and between the forks of Uuek river. The banks 
of each of the conHuent streams are high and bold, 
rising from the Avater to the lieight of twenty, and 
in some j)laees fifty feet. 'J'he streams nnioidy about 
two hundred yards apart, half a mile above the forks, 
but diverge so as to be four or live hundred yards 
from each otlier, at the widest itlace between that and 
their junction. Across this neck, or narrow ])lace, 
there a})}K'ars to have been once built a high, thick 
Solid wall of rough broken stone ; and near the cen- 
tre there still remain vestiges of an enclosure some 
three rods by six, which most visitors are inclined to 
think was an entrance or sally port from the main 
fort or enclosm-e. The wall across this neck of land 
extends along the l)anks of each stream nntil they 
come together, and the whole area thus enclosed eon- 
tains about twenty or twenty-five acres- The walls 
are now only three or four feet high, though they 
were no doul)t nearly double that when constructed. 
They were built of a sort of slatestone, and have 
been for centuries yielding to the action of the ele- 
ments, till there remains only a ridge or embaidcment 
some twenty feet wide, and three or four feet high in 
the centre, along the banks of the streams, and upon 
this there are large trees %;rowing. AVe noticed sev- 
eral trees two feet and upwards in diameter, and upon 
the stump of one counted the growth of over twi> 
Inmdred years. Many centuries nnist have elapsed 
l>efore the slatestonc wall crumbled, and the I'ocks 
disintegrated so that shrubs and trees cmild grow 
npon it ; but finally chesnuts and acorns found sufti- 
cient mold in which to germinate, and trees sprang 
up and nourished upon this decaying structure — ihi^i 



68 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT 

singular monnment of contention and strife, centuries- 
before tlie discovery of America. We noticed where 
a wagon road had been recently cut through this em- 
bankment, that below the shallow covering of earth 
the strongly laid wall seemed yet firm and solid. The 
area enclosed is covered with timber, but from this, 
nor even the walls, now a mere embankment, can we 
draw sufficient data to make any estimate of the time 
that has elapsed since this singular work, evidently 
built for defense, was erected. We can scarcely be- , 
lieve that the Indian race were the architects and 
builders, but while examining the ancient citadel, 
were inclined to attribute it to an earlier, and more 
enlightened race than the one found upon this conti- 
nent at its discovery. Enough barely I'emains to in- 
dicate that works of defense were found necessary 
hundreds and probably thousands of years ago ; and 
that an immense amount of labor was here performed; 
but of those who toiled, or those who fought upon 
these crumbled walls, no record, no vestige of legend 
or history remains. These had passed aAvay, even 
before the savage race who hunted here a hundred 
years ago, became the possessors ■ of the soil ; and 
cnly this outline of a fort remains to indicate that 
such a race existed ; this work alone endured, defying 
time until the era of civilization and letters, and now '- 
the traveler and anticpary are enabled to snatch from 
litter oblivion this remaining trace of an extinct and 
forgotton race, who toiled and built and contended a 
thousand years ago. They slumber in mother earth ; 
their trials and toils unrecorded ; their victories un- 
sung, and but for this structure all clue to their exis- 
tence on the stage of human affairs would be gone . 
forever. 



CIUPTER VII. 

liHIl JIAKCH FROM MANX'IIESTEK, \IA CHATTANOOGA TO 
t'IIICKAJL\.UGA. _ 

On the morning of August IGtli, 18G3, the advance 
towai'ds Chattanooga couuuenced. The right \ving 
"f the army, (20th Corps), commanded by General 
McCook, moved directly South toward the Tennessee 
ivcr; the center, (14th Corps,) under Gen. Thomas, 
iloiig the Ihie of raih'oad toward Stevenson and 
Bridgeport, Ala., and the left, (21st Corps,) under 
(Ion. Crittenden, was to move from Manchester and 
.McMinnville, . dii-ectly towards Chattanooga, by the 
routes fomid most practicable across the mountains. 
(tcu. Wood's Division moved directly to J^IcMinnville, 
and from that point, with Van Clove's Division took 
tlie road to PikeviUc; while Gen. Palmer's division to 
wliicli our Ilegmient belonged, marched nearly East- 
ward on what was known as the Hickory creek road, 
and at night encamped at Viola, a very small town 
i>f oidy three or foiu* houses, about eight miles South- 
west of ^McMinnville. The morning had Ijcen fair, 
but about noon a hca^'y rain set in, by Avhich we were 
reminded of our advance from Nashville, and from 
^lurfrecsboro : and the remark was common that "it 



70 HISTOEY OF THE EEGI]\IENT. 

always rains when Gen. Eosecrans starts on a cam- 
paign." 

]\Iost of the artillery had crossed the swamp, which 
lies a few miles East of Manchester before the rain, 
set in, but the wagon trains were all night and till 
late the next day in getting through. (Starting from 
Viola on the 17th, w^e marched nearly Eastward into 
what is known as Northcut's^Cove, which is at the foot 
of the main ridge of the mountains. The country 
through which we passed was as tine as any we had 
ever seen in the South. The farms were not large, 
but the crops were very good, and there were indica- 
tions of thrift and prosperity at, and about almost 
every liomestead. ]\Iany large orchards along the 
route were bending with their annual burden, and 
peaches were brought to the roadside in abundance. 
From this Cove we passed through a narrow gap, 
and came into another, which we were informed was 
known as Eodgers' Hollow. Here on either hand 
were farms extending far up on the sides of the moun- 
tain ridges, and the Cove or Hollow widened till we 
came into a quite level tract of land several miles in 
exteait, through wliich flowed a swift mountain stream ; 
on either bank of which were farms, and meadows, 
and pastures so large and level, that we were strongly 
reminded of our own beautiful Prairie State. 

Near this stream (Collins creek,) we passed a group 
of old brick buildings, greatly out of repair but ex- 
tensive and commodious, which we were informed 
was "Irving CoUege." The site was certainly a very 
remarkable one for an Institution of learning; in the 
midst of the moutains, far from river or railroad ; 
yet the purity of the air, as well as the delightful 
mountain scenery upon every hand, had a few years 
previous, made this one of the most popular institu- 
tions of the State. 



]itArtCli TO ClIICKAMAUUA. 7i 

So far wc had passed througli gaps and Itetwcu:! 
I'lMi^os, but a tew miles t'lirthor on after crossing C^A- 
lius creek, wc came to the Main ridge, in whicLi we 
<'i)idd discover no break or gap for many milcti on 
either side of the road ; which being tlie direct one 
from 3Ic3Iinnvillc to Dunlaj), had some years "before 
!)een well worked and [»artially macadamized. The 
I'oad wound up the side of the mountain in a sort of 
zigzag, so that, although it was only about a mile and 
a half in a direct line, it was at least three miles by 
this devious and winding wagon road. We were not 
a little surprised to tind a road so skillfully construct- 
ed up the mountain. It was no doubt located by a 
scientilic and practical engineer, and years ago when 
rhis was one of the principal stage routes between 
Middle and East Tennessee, much labor was most 
I'.evtaiidy bestowed upon it. 

The iJivision reached the summit a little after noon, 
and after a brief rest, nuirched on about two miles to 
a snudl ravine, where there was abundance of gocxl 
water; and here the wearied men speedily put up their 
shelter tents, and encaini)ed for the night. The ar- 
tillery met with but little ditKculty in the ascent, be- 
ing assisted by the troops ; but the wagon trains were 
all overloaded, and although the teams were doubled, 
so as to have eight mules to each wagon, it was with 
great difhculy that the wagons were brought up. All 
night long the work was incessantly continued, and 
at sunrise the next morning there were several ti'ains 
at the foot of the mountain, which had not yet been 
able to get upon the road. This night will bo long 
remembered by the author, for he now realized that 
there was some severe labor; and if not "daysof dan- 
ger," there must be certainly "nights of waking" in 
the Quartermasters department. 

About noon the next day, nao;jt of the wagon fraiji-^ 



72 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

having readied the summit, the Division set foi'warr 
and not a few were surprised to find a level country, 
almost two tliousand feet above the valley in which 
we had been marching the day before.* We advanced 
only five or six miles tlii'ough a thickly timbered 
country, and again encamped. On the sides of the 
mountain, the yellow or pitch pine is thickly inter- 
spersed with oak and chestnut ; but upon the level 
portion of the summit, though there are occasionly a 
few hundred acres of pine timber, it is mainly oak oi 
several varieties, with here and there a chestnut, and 
an undergrowth of whortleljerry and sourwood. 

On the morning of the 25th, we were upon.the road 
at sunrise, and soon came into a more broken section, 
Avinding around some very deep ravines and gulches : 
and at 10 o'clock having marched at least ten miles, 
began the descent into the Sequatchee valley. This 
\'alley lies between the two main ridges of the Cum- 
berland mountains, and is some five or six miles wide. 
With the exception of a hue of low cone-shaped hills 
running nearly in the center, it is level, and weU cidti-. 
vated, having a rich soil, and is one of the most 
]>roductivc hi this portion of the South. From the 
blufi' on the West side, as a point of observation, the 
beautiful farms and substantial farm houses, for sever- 
al miles u}) and down the valley were plainly in view, 
and the prospect was one of rare granclem* and loveli 
ness. 

The descent with the artillery and trains was ac- 
comjilished with much difficulty, and in some places 
was attended with no little danger ; for the side of the 
mountain is a succession of ])recipices, among which 
the road winds from one shelf to another; and in some 
places by carelessly driving a few feet from the worn 
and beaten track, a wagon might have been throwi 
oft' several hundred feet at a sinffle bound. 



^lARCII TO CIirCKAMAUGA. 7:? 

About noon, the I)i\'i.sion encamped in and about 
the town of Dunlap, the county seat of Sequatchee 
couutv, and a viUage of but few houses, situated near 
the center of one of the most dolightfiil valleys on the 
continent. After a hearty duiner, of Avliich green 
corn and peaches were the most delectable portions; 
our brigade moved about a mile to the ^Vest, to the very 
base of the mountain, almost beneath the towering 
(•litis, and camped near some large si)rings; Nvhicli 
llowiug out almost from the base alfurded water as 
clear as crystal, and as cool as could be desired. In 
this pleasant camp we remained mitil the 1st day of 
Sei)tember. 

\Vq soon ascertained that nearly all the inhabitants 
of this valley were and had ever been, lirm and de- 
voted friends of the Union, and that very few recruits 
had ever been obtained here by the Confederates, ex- 
cept by conscription. We were here compelled to 
forage heavily; loading whole Helds of corn, stalks, 
ears and all upon our wagons, which were sent out 
esery morning ; but the owners, scarcely considered 
it a grievance ; they were so anxious for our success, 
that they were as a general thing [)erfectl3'' satisfied 
with the receipts, which we gave them for their fine 
cro])S of corn and hay. 

The presence of a large army was something new 
in that locality, and the next day after our arrival, 
scores of citizens came in to see the "jolly boys in 
blue." We noticed one company of eighteen or twen- 
ty ladies all on horseback, several ot'whom we noticed 
were very pretty, and all were gay and graceful, if not 
elegant equestriennes. 

AVliile in camp in this valley, we were able to pro- 
cure abundance of vegetal >les, green corn, and fruit; 
and for once had the material for a living, almost as 
i:;ood as we were accustomed to at home. The 



74 IIISTOKY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

men at tin's camp, again found much cause for com- 
plaint, in the camp guards, and strict orders in respect 
to going out of camp, which C©h Grose immediately 
established. The Col. was social and pleasant on the 
].narch, but always seemed cross, sour and petulant 
when in camp. On a trivial pretext, at this place he 
ordered Lieut. Edson of Co. A in arrest, from which 
he did not release him for nearly three months, though 
he must have known there was no sufficient ground 
for charges against him. Of course the Colonel was 
greatly annoyed, by the constant demand for passes to 
go outside the ' brigade camp ; and occasionally had 
the opportunity of overhearing the men make remarks 
about himself, not in any degree polite or complimen- 
tary. The unfortunate men v>-ho Vseve guilty of 
such utterances, he no doubt dealt with severely, 
when he afterwards found opportunity.. We have 
here preserved a specimen of the brave Colonel's mal- 
ignity and literary ability in the approval which he 
wrote' upon a pass, presented by a man of our Eegi- 
ment; who had the day before been met by the irasci- 
1)le Colonel, at an outpost, and Vvho having noticed 
that he wore no insignia of office, neglected to reeog- 
nize or salute him as an -officer, and even replied 
roughly, to some uncalled for remarks of thewonld- 
be-lh'igadier. It reads thus, "Appd. This jnan had 
very insulting language & conduct to the Brig Com'- 
dor yesterday." " Wm. Grose Col. Comdg. Brig." 
Of course Col. Yv^ci.tcrs( to Avhom the pass was return- 
ed felt bound to investigate the soldier's conduct ; 
l)ut on a carefnl examination, he found no reason for 
even reprimanding the supposed oifender. 

During the week which we remained here, we al- 
most every day heard scores of rumors and reports, as 
to the advance of other portions of the army, and 
the movements of the enemy. The intei-pid and im- 



M.UICU TO CHICKA:MAUGA. 75 

j>etiious Col. AVildcr, Avith his gallant JJrigadc of 
jiiouiitetl inliintry, had pnslied on when we halted at 
Dunlap: aiul liaviiig luuiid the enemy strongly in- 
trenched at llarrisonV Landing, a few miles above 
Cluittanooga, had taken a position upon the low hills 
directly across the river from the city, and was daily 
harassing the inliabitants, with screeching messeiigers 
from his twelve-jxumd ritied Held jncces. iicn. Pal- 
mer with one Brigade (tf his Division (llazen's,) had 
i-rosscd directly over AValden's liidgefrom Duidap, to 
^up[)ort A\'ilder ; and each day we heard the artillery, 
and shortly afterward there weuld be rumors of Jin 
attack, of hard lighting, and several times it was cur- 
rently believed that AVilder had crossed the river and 
taken the city. 

Hourly we were hxjking for the ui\lcr, to go fur- 
ward across the remaining llidge of the mountainij 
and take part in the investment (»f this noted little 
city ; but it was not so ordered : and on the morning 
(if the 1st of September, we moved down the Sequat- 
chee Valley towards the Tennessee Kiver; taking tlic 
direct road to ]5ridgeport, which place had already 
been several days in possession of our forces. AVe 
marched about twenty «iiles during the day, down 
this very fertile and beautiful valley, and encamped at 
dusk on a small stream, called tlie J.ittle Sequatchee, 
or Sequatchee Creek. The mountain scenery along 
the lower portion of this valley, we think the grand- 
est we have ever seen — we were about to say the 
grandest in the Union — bv^t grand and beautil'nl scen- 
ery, could not wholly divert the minds of all from the 
wearisome marching, and before we went into camp, 
not a few were fretting and swearing because we wer(» 
going too far on the tirst day, after a week iii cam}> 
On the following morning we moved about a mile 
;iwaT irom jrood wat-er and abundance of wood, and 



76 HISTORY OF THE REGlJ\IENT. 

again went into camp. How often then were the 
questions asked, "Why did we march twenty miles 
yesterday, and only a mile this morning ?" "Why 
are we marched away from wood;, and water, and halt- 
ed upon a ilat weedy field ?" The inevitable answ^er 
came, sterotyped long before when anything was done 
that w^s evidently a blunder or utterly unreasonal^le, 

"BECAUSE IT IS MILITARY." 

On the morning of Sept. 3d, we marchedjat daylight, 
and about sunrise passed through the town of Jasper, 
a small place of about twenty houses, and thence a few 
miles farther Southward came to the Tennessee River. 
We proceeded two or three miles down the River to 
the mouth of Battle Creek, and halted at some strong 
fortifications built under the direction of Gen's. Mc- 
Cook and Mitchell more than a year before, when 
Gen. Buell had command of the army in this Depart- 
ment. From this point, the wagon trains were imme- 
diately sent down to Bridgeport to cross the River on 
the Pontoon Bridge, and our Division after resting, 
set to work building rafts, with wdiich to ferry the 
liver. Each regiment built for itself, and before 
night our Regiment had commenced crossing and 
Capt. lliggins with a large detail, was sent across the 
river to select a camp for the Brigade, and establish 
])icket-lmes. Many of the men swam the river as soon 
as they could get their knapsacks, guns and accoutre- 
ments carried over on the rafts. There was a novel- 
ty in this method of crossing, and though there was 
considerable liard labor in it ; yet the men were full 
of mirth and enthusiasm, and the ferrying progressed 
rapidly. During the i\iglit the whole Division crossed, 
and encamped near the town, or rather railroad sta- 
tion, of Shellmound ; there to await the arrival of 
the wagon trains. 

When the trains reached Bridgeport the pontoon 



MARCH TO CIUClsLVMAlXJA. 77 

l)ri(lfj;e was not entirely completed, and all tlie trains 
(;t'tlie 14tli corps were already waiting to cross, l^e- 
I'ore niglit however, tlicy began slowly to cross on the 
Inidge, for the Pioneer cor[)s were an energetic set 
ot men, and did not mean that the movements of the 
army shonld be l«?ng retarded for Avant of a l)ridge, a 
thousand (feet long. The author being in charge of a 
wagon train, here luid the pleasure of meeting with . 
Sergeant flreen and others of the <S4th Illinois, who 
were detailed at Nashville for this branch of the ser- 
vice ; and from them learned that Gen. ]\IcCook's 
cor]>s had already crossed on a bridge of their own 
constj'uction, thrown across the river near Stevenson, 
Ala. The boys engaged hi this branch or arm of 
the ser\'ice, were finding a vast amount of hard labor 
falling to their share; yet the were as healthy, cheer- 
ful ami light-hearted a set of men as were ever gath- 
ered together. There are really two bridges at 
]5ridgeport, fur a lai-ge island here divides the river; 
the broader })ortion of the stream pa&?ing on the 
"West side of the island, while the main ehannel is on 
the other side. The men detailed from our Kegi- 
ment, belonged to comjiany D of the Tioneer corps, 
and this company had charge of the shorter bridge. 
Though wagon trains commenced to cross oidy a few 
hours after we arrived, wc had to wait until the 
morning of the 5th, before it came our turn to pass 
over. The trains rejoined the Brigade near Shell- 
mound about one o'clock the same day, and about 4 
o'clock that evening tlie Division marched, i>roceeding 
along tlie railroad towards Chattanooga, and encamp- 
ed near "Whiteside. 

"While lying at Shelhnoimd, many had an opportu- 
nity of going into the soniewhnt cek'bratcd " 2si(k-o- 
jack Cave" which was only half a mile distant. The 
mouth of the cave is about thirty or thivtv-tive feet 



78 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

ill lieiglit, and sixty or seventy feet in wicltli ; and 
from this vast hiatus in the montain side, pours forth 
a deep, clear stream ; which it is said enters the 
mountain on the opposite side, nine miles distant. — • 
We saw men, who said they had passed through the 
entire distance in a canoe, but were inclined to think 
the statement not entirely reliable, the fact* not suffi- 
ciently authenticated. 

On the morning of the 6th we left the railroad at 
Whiteside, where the retreating rebels had recently 
burned a bridge, some three hundred feet m length, 
and upwards of a hundred feet in height, and turning 
directly South up "Murphy's Hollow," passed through 
a gap or cove, and came into Lookout Valley; which 
lies directly West or Northwest of that celebrated 
mountain ridge. We were now only fourteen miles 
from Chattanoogo, which was still in possession of 
the rebels ; and as we lay here during the next day, 
we could plainly distinguish their picket linos and sig- 
nal stations on the top of Lookout mountain. Gen. 
AVood's Division had advanced from Whiteside di- 
rectly toward Chattanooga, following the railroad; 
and on the evening of the 7th reconnoitred the cross- 
ing, at the end of the ridge next to the Tennessee 
river, and found the enemy in strong force, holding 
this entrance to the city of Chattanooga. On the 
morning of the 8th, Gen. Palmer's Division moved 
down Lookout Valley to support Gen. Wood, in case 
of an attack ; being all the while in full view of the 
rebel pickets, posted on the summit. After proceed- 
ing a few miles down the valley, Can. Palmer was 
directed to halt, until the discreet and cautious Gen. 
Wood carefully tested the strength of the enemy at 
the point of defense ; so we Avere obliged to lie over 
night, about five miles south of AVauhatchie. Mean- 
while, Oe'n. AVood with his Division were enG^ao'c-d in 
the reconnoisance. 



MAIiCll TO ClITCieVMAUGA. 71> 

In tliu wiuriilng Gen. "Wood reported tlic enemy 
lalliiig Ijac'lc, and iimnediately our Division was in mo- 
tion. The Brigade to which we belonged w'as select- 
ed to a,sc<,'nd the mountain, about live miles back from 
ihe " nose" or bhdt' end that comes up to the river; 
and went up by a narrow path, where it was difficult 
I'ur a man unencundjered with arms or accoutrements 
to elimb, where in soi'ne places only two men could 
]uarch abreast between ledges of rock ; yet up this 
mountain side the Ih-igade hurried, driving before 
them, as they nearod tlie summit, the i)ickets and 
outposts of the enemy. The 24th rcghnent Ohio 
XoU., was in advance, and had a slight skirmish at 
the suuimit, with the rebels who were retreating raj)- 
i<Uy. As soon as our J>rigaje reached the summit, it 
was formed in lino of battle and advancetl toward 
Suuimerville, which is near the north end of the 
UMuntain, ami from which place of summer resort in 
former years, there is a direct road down the moun- 
tain to Chattanooga. Finding no enemy wyton the 
siunmit, a signal was given to the Divisions lying in 
the valley below, and they commcn<'ed advanceing 
slowly by the main wagon ri.>ad across the lower portion 
of this stupendous ridge. 

The prospect that met our view when wc reached 
Siimmerville, was grand beyond description. Wo were 
upon a high, bold bluff, nearly two thousnnd foet above 
t!ic Tennessee river; the city of Chattanooga, now 
ncui'ly descrtctl, was only two miles and a half distant, 
and so much beneath thnt wc could look down into all 
its streets. Long lines of dust marked the road, upon 
Avhich the enemy wero retreating, a few miles to the 
Eastward was the thickly wooded IMissionary Ridge, 
ami far in tlic distance the Pijieon and Cliattagntta 
mountains. It was truly a beautiful prospect, that 
^ right and lovely September morning ; iuimcnse nioun- 



80 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

tain ranges upon every side, between ■which were broad 
and fertile valleys and coves, not yet entirely devastat- 
ed and despoiled by the terrible simoon of civil w^ar 
To attempt a full description of this mountain, and the 
many objects of interest hereabouts is foreign to our 
present design, and scarcely a matter of Regimental 
history, hence we must with some reluctance leave it. 

Towards evening, our Brigade descended by the road' 
leading to Chattanooga, and rejoining the Division, 
took the road across the Chattanooga valley, which lies 
directly East of Lookout mountian toward Rossvillc. 

Chattanoog:^, the key to East Tennessee, one of thcr 
great railroad centers and military depots of the Con- 
federacy, was in our possession, without a battle. The 
army which had been successively driven back from 
Murfreesboro and Tullahoma, was in full retreat to- 
ward Dalton and Atlanta, but this army had not been 
driven from its strong position by the force which was 
threatening it immediately around the city. The 
strong- Corps commanded by Gens. Thomas and Mc- 
Cook, were in the act of crossing Lookout mountain 
at Stephens' Gap, about thirty miles South of Sum- 
merville ; and once across this gigantic barrier. Gen. 
Bragg well knew they Avould be able to cut him oif 
from Dalton, and leave him only a line of retreat to- 
wards Knoxville, toward which point Gen. Burnside 
was at this time marching with a heavy force. Hence 
his hasty evacuation, and the speedy and almost unex- 
pected occupation of the place by our forces, without 
a struggle. 

On the morning of the 10th of September, we began 
to move through the Gap in Missionary Ridge near 
Rossvillc, and found that the enemy were not entirely 
gone, for here they had left an outpost, and a lively 
skirmish for a few minutes ensued. This was no doubt 
a post of observation, for we marched directly on to 
Grayville, and saw nothing more of them, thongh citi- 



UATtCll TO CIIICIUMAUGA. f^i 

-■ens reported tliat a portion of their cavalry Avcrc but a 
few miles ahead. The same day, all our ■\vagon trains 
Jrcachcd Chattanooga, which was henceforth to become 
our base of supplies. Meanwhile Col. Wilder with his 
nsual energy, had crossed his brigade of mounted in- 
fantry a few miles above Chattanooga and Avas advan- 
cing directly toward Ringgold, He liad passed through 
the town but a few hours previous, wheif our Division 
reached there on the 11th, and came upon the enemy 
in strong force only a few miles from that piece, on the 
road to Tunnel Ilill. On the 12th we started nearly 
south from Ringgold, and bearing somewhat to the 
West passed along Pea Vine ridge towards Gordon's 
Mills on the main Chickamauga. After the bugles 
had sounded tattoo and taps that night, and all were ly- 
ing down to rest or had lain down ; the Division was 
called into line with the utmost silence, and marched 
away to the Westward, halting again near Crawfisli 
Springs to sound tattoo, and rest until morning. 

On the 14th wc marched out across the Chickatnau- 
ga, thence to the Southwest; and lialtcd at night only to 
change position again before morning. On the next 
day Gen. Thomas' corps began to come up, and it was 
now well known that only Crittenden's cor))S had been 
marching and counter -marching across the country' 
south of Chattanooga, and that Bragg had not re- 
treated to Dalton or across the Oostenola river as had 
been imagined ; for a heavy force had met Col. WiMer 
in front of Ringgold, and at least two Divisions had at- 
tnckcU Ncgley's Division of Thomas' corps, at one 
:" the gaps in Pigeon mountain. Every one was now 
•^itisfied, that a great battle was impending,, and from 
the movements of the enemy, it was presume<l that he 
was now reinforced, or was daily expecting reinforce- 
ments. 

As'early as the ITth. the enemy advanced and at- 
temjitMl to rr^xs tlH> ('hickamauga at Gordon's mills;. 



82 HISTORY OF THE EEGDIENT 

and at other points began to show a strong front. 
Gen. Crittenden's corps was extended for several miles, 
and in this condition, was of course unable to resist any 
large force that might be thrown against it, — but the 
enemy seemed in no haste to offer battle, and Gen. 
Thomas' powerful corps was hourly coming into line 
and taking position. Gen, McCook was still far to the 
riiiht, and as we afterwards learned scalinn; steep ridges 
and fighting for gaps, or passes, in order to rejoin the 
main army. Each night upon high points or Mountain 
tops the signal lamps were swinging, and it was speedi- 
ly known by every subaltern and private in the whole 
army, that a momentous conflict was about to take place. 
Scores of rumors were afloat, and passed from man to 
man, from regiment to regiment throughout the army. 
The enemy were said to be reinforced by Longstreet's 
and Early's Corps, and it was currently reported that 
Gen. Rosecrans was hourly expecting aid from Gen. 
Burnside, and even that Sherman and McPherson with 
Divisions or Corps were coming with all possible 
speed, via Bridgeport, to join the noble army now con- 
centrating upon the dread Chickamauga. Chickamau- 
ga, is said to be' a word from the Cherokee tongue, which 
means Dead man's river. 

Ere the sun went doAvn, on the evening of the 17th 
of September, every soldier in the whole army felt that 
the battle must within a few hours commence. Many 
while resting would pencil a few hasty lines to the 
loved ones at home, and many would take from their 
knapsacks and cartridge boxes, their last letters re- 
ceived from dear and cherished sweet hearts, wives and 
mothers, read them slowly over, and then tear them into 
a hundred pieces, or use them to light the inevitable 
pipe — a soldier's almost indispensable solace. This 
was but one of the many incidents of preparation, yet 
while so engaged there was no sign of dread or fear 
in any countenance, only a calm determined look, in- 



:iLVRClITO CIIICK.VMAUGA, 



8;i 



cheating the firm resolve to obey the orders of supevior.--, 
and if necessary yield up the precious boon of life, 
upon the sacrificial altar of our grcnt and glorious c^nui- 
try. Ah! who sluiU describe a soldier's thoughts upon 
the eve of battle ! 




CHAPTER VIII. 

i)ESCtlIPTION OF THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA AKD^ 
llETEEAT TO CHATTANOOGA. 

The army of the Cumberland could not have warded 
off or avoided a battle at this time, except by relin- 
quishing all that had been secured by the campaign. 
Chattanooga had been surrendered, but it was evident, 
that Gen. Bragg was now offering battle, that he was 
bent upon returning to the surrendered city, unless our 
force was sufficient to drive him back. While the army 
of the Cumberland was in detached portions, occasion- 
ed by the flank movement, and crossing the Lookout 
range by Corps, at points widely separated ; it was to 
a great extent at the mercy of the rebel General, had 
he at that moment been strong enough to strike a de- 
cisive blow ; but day by day the Corps of the federal 
army were being concentrated, in the vicinity of Gor- 
don's mills, and Gen.. Granger's (reserve) corps came 
up from Bridgeport, and took a position near Ross- 
ville, covering the roads leading into Chattanooga. 

On the morning of the 18th of September, only Gen. 
McCook's Corps was entirely isolated, and this was 
moving rapidly to rejoin the main body. The morning 
of the 18th of September, broke gray and hazy, and the 
air was damp and chilly, until the sun, like a ball of 



lUTTLE OF CniCKAMAUC}A. So. 

fire in appearance, Tras a considerable distance aboTc 
the liorizon. A high wind during the latter part of 
the night had soughed and moaned through the dense 
wood3, where the main a/iny was lying, and hourly ex- 
pecting that sharp crack of musketry upon the picket 
line, which announces the approach or attack of an 
enemy. Gen. Granger, early in the day sent two 
brigades across the Chickamauga at Reids' Bridge, some 
fourmilesbelovr Gordon's Mills, to reconnoitre theenc- 
my's position, and if possible ascertain his strength, 
'fhia movement was entirely successful, and the enemy 
were found to be collecting a powerful force, directly 
in front of Gordon's Mills ; and there could be no 
doubt from the movements observed, that the rebel 
Gen. Bragg was hourly receiving reinforcements to the 
amount of several Divisions. Gen. Wood, with his 
Division of Crittenden's corps, was holding the vital 
point in our front, the crossing at Gordon's Mills. 

Towards this point Gen. Thomas was, during tho 
day, steadily pushing his Corps of four strong Divisions; 
nn<l further to our left, the inoiuifr«i ' ' ' ^ com- 
manded by Wilder, and Minty v, -le v, o cross- 
ingon the Ringgold road and ready to i''j>i>. aa attack, 
-hould tho enemy advance from -Napier';-; Gap or that 
;iity. Towards evening the enemy ma.de an attack 

.!■ a these mounted brigades, which stood thcii ' 

gallantly; and time and again did Wilder's no 

ments by a fierce and doteriiv 

and check for a few moments, 

wing of the rebel army. But before nignt, bo. 

cr and Minty were forced to fall back, a <^ 'n 

distance; for a Division had effected a err 

of the numerous fords of "Dead man's River :i 

coming upon thorn from tho flank and tho rear. 

ing most of theaftcrncn a battery or two!..' 

brought into play toar-sist Wilder and Minty in • 

fort to check tho enemy, and theramd renoft <>■ 



SG HISTORY OF THE EEGBIENT. 

pieces, toM that both parties were striving to get posses- 
sion of some important position. It was one of those pre- 
liminary engagements, •which frequently tiike place on 
the eve of a great battle ; occasioned by portions of tlie 
opposing forces coming in contact, while they are sr 
curing the most available positions for defense, or from 
which to malcc an attack. A sharp skirmish continued 
along the left until sometime after dusk, but the liring 
gradually lessened, and before nine o'clock had entirely 
ceased. 

But night, which brings the blessing of rest, repo?o 
and strength-renewing sleep, to the wearied and worn 
in the ordinary avocations of life, brings often to the 
soldier more severe eflbrt ; a more fatiguing march, 
than he has endured during the day ; and the night of 
the 18th of September, was one in which but a small 
portion of the army of the Cumberland, now confront- 
ing a greatly superior force, was permitted to 'enjoy 
the rest and repose it so greatly needed. All night 
long there was a constant rumble of the artillery and 
wagon trains upon the roads, and the steady muffled 
tramp of columns moving to .rejoin the main force, ov 
to take important positions for the morning conflict. 

It is not a little remarkable, how strongly'" the situa- 
tion and surrounding circumstances impress the mind 
of the soldier. A march upon a bright, cleaV morn- 
ing, is full of hilarous mirth ; the lively story is told, 
jest succeeds jest in rapid succession ; many a shaft oi* 
sarcasm and ridicule strikes home, and many a kee 
retort and spicy repartee is heard. A march upon a 
rainy, dismal day elicits no small amount of repining ; 
many maintain a sullen, sober mood, while all tb' 
grumblers in the army, are pouring forth a constaii 
stream of abuse upon the road, the surrounding country 
the officers commanding the army, and even Congress ani . 
the Cabinet at Washington, did not always escape the:; 
stinging words of censure. A march at ni2;ht is in- 



BATTLE OF CIIICKAMAUGA. 87 

riiiMy silent; scarcely a word will be spoken for 
urs, and -when one does address a comrade, it is in a 
iic't, suppressed voice, such as is heard in the sick 
im ; a.s though he would not disturb the quiet and 
itosc of nature, nor Avaken an echo from ihe inipervi- 
!s gloom of the night. 

The night of which we ■were speaking, was one of al- 
most incessant movement. Tho design of the enemy 
had been manifested during the day, and before tr 
morrow's dawn, every regiment in the whole army mr 
be in position^ where it would be moat cnv^ti,.. 
was evident at dark, that the enemy were /i;a-- i/ 
forces upon our extreme left, which was a htfl' 
of Gordon's Mills ; and while he made a gr« 
play of force further toward our right, he Wii 
by that piece of strategy, to deceive the abb 
hint Gen. Rosecrans, who was observing ( 
ment, and felt confident that the attack v i 

the direct line to Eossville and Ghattan' ■ , 

during the night Gen. V^an Cleve's Division Ibrmed or 
the left of Gen. Woods, and Gen. Palmer's on the 
right ; while Gen. Thomas' corps moved to the left of 
Gen. Crittenden's and took position in the following 
order, part of Gen. Johnson's Divis^ion joined Gen. 
Van Cleve's left, then came Gen. Keynolds, Bairds and 
Erannan's divisions in succession, extending our left 
nearly to the Kinggold road ; while the enemy — hav- 
ing crossed a part of his army over the Chickamauga, 
was lying directly in our front on both sides of the 
stream. These were the positions of the oppesing 
armies on the morning of September 10th 1863. The 
Federal army was much inferior in numbers, but the 
men were in excellent health and spirits. They knew 
that a hard battle was about to be fought, and calmly 
looked the stern reality in the fact, manifesting not a 
particle of bravado or boi^^terous courage, but with a 
quiet and determined demeanor awaited the terrible en- 



88 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

set. They liad constantly been victorious, and had noi 
been in the habit of considering such a contingency as 
defeat; and now, not being a-R'are of the tremendous- 
force arrayed against them, were self-reliant and confi-' 
dent of success. 

The morning broke clear and cloudless ; the gentle- 
breeze that agitated the foilage was soft and balmy ; all 
nature seemed in one of its quietest and loveliest moods;- 
and when the sun was peering over the mountains, not 
a sound could be heard to indicate the presence of hos- 
tile armies in the valley of the Chickamauga^. An 
hour or two later, there was an occasional shot upon 
the skirmish line, and about eight o'clock the first boon^. 
of artillery broke the deep silence, which had led many 
to believe, there would be no engagement. In a few 
moments, there were two almost simultaneous shots, 
the blow struck and instantaneously returned, far to- 
ward our right, upon which the rebel Gen. Bragg, now 
seemed to be directing his assailing forces. He had 
thrown a battery into position in front of Van Cleve's. 
division, and opened the fight by a sharp attack upon 
Gen. Beatty's Brigade which returned shot for shot, 
for some time, and firmly withstood the force sent in 
this direction ; until finally the rebel battery limbered 
up and moved away, and the attacking force slowly 
withdrew. While this was going on, Gen. Palmer had 
sent a Brigade of his division, (Col. Grose's) forward to 
reconnoiter. The Brigade advanced a considerable dis- 
tance without serious opposition, and probably might 
have marched into the midst of the rebel army, to sur- 
render as prisoners of war, had not our skirmishers de- 
tected a heavy fprcc of the enemy, already upon their 
fl.Uik and hurrying forward to strike them in the rear. 
By falling hastily back to the mainline, the Brigade 
barely escaped being cut oiT from the Division; and al- 
most at the moment they returned, the battle opened 
keuvily all along the line in front of Gen. Thomas' corps 



15ATTLE OF CIiICK.\]\IAUGA. 89 

The attack upon the ridit Gen. Rosecvans liail shrewd- 
ly construed as a feint, and was not in the least misled 
or deceived by it. So all was in readiness when the 
tremendous blow came upon the left and center. 

The rebels about this time, charged furiously upon 
one of Gun. Brannan's brigades, and forced it back, but 
were in turn compelled to retire by riie well directed 
fire of another brigade of the sam^ division, Tliis 
was about ten o'clock, and witliin half an hour all four 
•of Gen. Thomas' divisions were hotly pressed ; the en- 
emy coming upon them in heavy force, formed in sev- 
-eral successive lines of battle. Our double lines were 
able to chock this mighty torrent and force it to recoil, 
but f(^r a few moments ; a second line took the place of 
the front one, shattered and broken by our death deal- 
ing musketry ; and still onward it came like the surges 
of ocean waves, slowly yet surely forcing back the no- 
ble divisions that opposed it. Gen. Thomas, always 
cool and coilccted, and each of his division Generals, 
were putting forth every exertion to maintain an un- 
broken front, and preserve the lines which were con- 
stantly beirig disarranged by the fierce and furious 
charges of the enemy. At one time the rebels had cut 
Keynolds' division completely in two, and taken pos- 
session of the road in his rear, but before they could 
concentrate a ptrong force upon it, a vigorous charge 
was made l)y the overpowered but undaunted division, 
and the rebels were forced to relinquish the important 
position. Every inch of ground was now contested, 
and though the whole Corps fought with a valor thot 
amounted to desperation, it was gradually forced back 
by the overpowering strength of the enemy. 

The right. Gen. Crittenden's corps, not being en- 
gaged. Gen. Palmer's division was speedily moved to- 
ward the left, to reinforce the wavering lines of Rey- 
nold's and Beards' divisions ; but had scarcely got into 
position or under fire, when the enemy, findiag so de- 



90 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

tcrmined and stubborn a resistance made by General 
Thomas, seemed to relax bis efforts in that quarter, and 
threw a heavj force directly upon Van Cleve's division. 
But here the attack was met with a volley from Gen. 
Beatty's brigade, followed up by a brilliant bayonet 
charge, whiqh drove the enemy back some distance 
through the thidc woods, in which the whole battle was 
fought. Gen. ThoVnas' corps reinforced by Gen. Palmer's 
division, now pressed forward recovering the ground 
which they had l:st, scattering the rebels at every 
charge, and retaking some pieces of artillery which had 
been lost at the opening of the engagement. 

The movements of the contending armies were effec- 
tually concealed from each other, by the dense forest i 
which lies upon both sides cf the Chickamauga River. 
The compactness of the timber and the almost impervi- 
ous undergrowth and brush, rendered the situation 
doubly advantageous to the enemy ; as it enabled them 
to mass their charging columns unobserved, and when ! 
massed, they were greatly shielded from our numerous I 
batteries; v.diich wo had stationed to play upon them-, ' 
the moment they came in view. Again, they were able 
to approach within a few hundred yards of our li^ic of ' 
defense, before we were aware of it, and then but a 
portion of our artillery, though we had an iinusupJ 
number of pieces ready, could, on this account as we" 
as by reason of their hidden position, be brought int 
effective use, or be made to bear with precision, direct; 
upon the heavily massed columns ; hence f' 
hours, there was a constant rattle and clatter o- 
niusketr}^ with only here and there the sudden crack 
of a rilled field piece, or heavy boom of a Napoleon . 
Our line was gradually contracted and strengthens. . 
yet at every point was mot by a superior force of the 
oiiemy. 

A little after noon, Gen. Thomas' center was acrain 
so severely pressed that he demanded reinforcei»ents, 



BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 91 

and thougli the position at Gordon's Mills was of im- 
mense importance, it became necessary to "withdraw 
Gen. Wood from it, to sustain the line further to the 
ktt, which was in imminent danger of being broken. 
About this time Gen. McCook arrived with two divi- 
sions of his corps, and though they had been marching 
since early dawn, as well as a good part of the night 
before; Gen. Davis commanding one was ordered in- 
stantly to the relief of Gen. Thomas, and Gen. Sheri- 
dan commanding the other, took the position at Gor- 
don's Mills, lately occupied by Gen. AVood. Within an 
hour, two of these brigades as well as Gen. Ncgley's 
whole division, was sent to the left to reinforce Gen. 
Thomas; and more than once it was remarked "Thomas 
is using the whole army, to hold his position," which 
Avas literally true ; for division after division had b^cn 
sent him. until our whole front, was only that held in 
the morning by Brannan, Baird, Johnson and lloy- 
nolds' Divisions, and still he had barely enough troops to 
hold in check, the immense force that was being dashed 
upon him. Only Gen. Lytle's brigade was left at 
Gordon's Mills to protect our right flank, in case the 
enemy undertook to cross a force theu- and strike our 
rear. Every num in the army was dui^ig duty, an<l 
every regiment, bri^jade and division was placed ^^here 
it could accomplish the most. 

From two o'clock until the sun went down, a ball of 
fire as seen through the smoke of the liattle field, this 
terrible conflict raged with unababated fury. At times, 
our forces Avould lie driven back by the desperate charges 
and overwhelming numbers which opposed them ; tlun 
they would rally, and with a yell, charge and scatter 
the rebels, and drive thorn far back into the dense 
forest. Thus the tide of battle ebbed and flowed, and 
the ceaseless rattle and crack and clatter of death-deal- 
ing musketry, and the rapid boom of numerous jueces 
of artillery, told that the work of destruction was going 



92 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT 

relentlessly on ; that death Avas holding high caruivaJ 
in the dense and gloomy forest, upon the banks of 
''Dead Man's river." Between sunset and dark the din 
of battle* gradually died away, as if both parties were 
feeling spent and exhausted, atid willing to postpone 
the momentous struggle until the morning. 

Just as night fell, a terrific fire opened along tho 
center, but was maintained only a few minutes ; then 
all became quiet, while the gloom of night settled down 
upon the terribly bloody field. 

Most nobly had our army fought against overwhelming 
numbers. The enemy had been met and matched at 
every point. Our army had entered the list against a 
giant antagonist, had held him in check until nightfall, 
and had punished him so severely that he was willing 
to mthdraw, and await the coming of another day ere 
he renewed.the contest. Neither army had gained any 
'lecisive advantage, ik-e battle so far was a drawn game, 
could we hope for success on the morrow ? 

Our whole army, except Gen. Granger's Reserve 
corps and one division of Gen. McCook's corps,had been 
engaged. We had, in fact, only one corps . of fresh 
troops to assist in carrying the day ; for McCook'.s 
other division was still far to the right, and could not 
reach us until late the next evening. Had the enemy 
thrown his whole force into action, or was he holding- 
a strong force in reserve, to crush and annihilate us, 
when our strength was exhausted ? There had been 
prisoners taken during the day from Longstreet's and 
-Buckner's commands, and from this we well knew, 
that nearly lialf of the entire Confederate army w^as 
pitted against us. The men were still cheerful and 
determined, and fully confident of success, when the 
blue and^gold of the morning should be the signal 
for the renewal of the terribly sanguinary conflict. — 
Were the Generals commandinsr as confident of sue- 



l5A'JT];i-: OF CHTClOVJIAUCiA. m 

L\-,.s '{ did they dure to Uo})C they could eveii in.ilr if 
. drawn game, at the close of another day '! 

At night the enemy had one particuhir a<i\;uii;ige 
in respect to reireshment and rest now so iiidespeiisil^le. 
Not a drop of rain had fallen for more than a m<.>nth, 
and all the small streams liowing down from Mission- 
ary llidge were diy : MC M'ere forced back from the 
river except at (^jrdon's Mills, and the right uf onr 
army had to go tw<j miles for water, and the left still 
iurther; while the dnll and sluggish Chiclcamaiiga 
llowed directly by the position of the rebels, liaclc 
at some distance in the rear of onr line small tires 
were kindled, and there small details from each com- 
pany were pre})aring coil'ee and frying meat for their 
wearied cumradcs. 'Hie ambulances were slowly 
wending their way toward the liekl hos})ital, heavily 
loaded with the wounded, struck and torn ami 
mangled in every conceivable way; or returning on a 
brisk trot to the battlerield fur another load. The; 
night grew cohl and chilly as it advanced, andthiMi;^- 
auds with their equipments all oji; with their muskets 
by their sides, covered by a single blanket were sliiv- 
ering the dreary hours away ; and since they wwo 
•not allowed lires, Mere wishing foi* the return of ligiit, 
though they well knew it would l)ring a re[)0tltioii 
of the scenes the proceeding day. ilundi-eds and 
and probaldy thousands, during that bitter cold an<i 
frosty night, lay between the lines of the opposing 
armies, sulfering from wounds — torn and lacerated in 
every possible manner, by 3linnie, shot and shell— and 
where no friendly hand could administer to their 
wants or relieve their distress, were groaning tediously 
away, 'that, to them ahnost interminahlo night. 

Kre daylight was visible in the East there was 
great activity in our decimated aitny. It was chang- 
ing position slightly to the rear, and consideral.ily to 



94 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

the left, so as fuHj to cover the gap through Mission- 
arj Ridge to Rossville. The ammunition and supply 
trains on all the roads in the rear of our lines were 
moving Northward, so as to be directly in the rear of 
the anny in its new ])osition, and upon the roads lead- 
ing directly to Chattanooga. Mornmg broke, cold, 
dim and frosty, and a dense fog or -vapor obscured 
the blaze of the thousand fires, that were kindled to 
prepare a morning meal. The constant rattle of the 
heavy army wagons upon the dry roads; the monoto- 
nous rumble of artillery carriages, and the suppressed 
words of command, were heard in all directions; 
showing that active preparations for the day's hard 
A\^ork were already going on. Soon the sun was shin- 
ing brightly upon the frost covered earth, the 
new lines of battle were formed, much more contracted 
tlian on the previous morning, the divisions ar- 
j'anged in quite different order. Saturday's battle 
liad torn divisioni^and brigades to pieces, but during 
the night the divisions had regathered their estrayed 
and shattered, yet undaunted and confident regiments, 
and now all were marshaled, and ready to withstand 
the shock and "bid defiaiice to the foe." 
. Gen. Thomas still held the left, his corps strength 
ened by Palmer's division from Crittenden's corps, 
and Johnson' division from McCook's Corps. On 
the righf of these were Wood's, Davis' and Sheridan's 
(Jivisions, the latter holding the extreme right. Gen. 
Lytic with a single brigade was still at Gordon's 
]\lills, andl'V there-arrangement, dangerously isolated 
irom tlie main body of the army. It will be noticed 
that the left of our line was m.ade very strong at the ex- 
])ense of the right, and that nearly three-fourths of the 
^vhole ariny, were concentrated in front of the gaj), 
tlirnugh which the road passes to Rossville and Chat-' 
tLihi 'oga. I'lic Mi.-jdom of the arrangement is manifest; 



r.AT'l'f.l-: OF CIIICKAMAUGA. i)5 

\u' could oven ciulure to have our riglit Nvingshatlevt-a 
aiul torn to ])ieees, but should this calamity befall the 
loft, defeat and destruction awaited us ; yea, if l»y 
any maneuver Ave were cut off from oxir base, tlic whole 
army nnist be irreparably ruined, if Jiot totally lost. 
An hour or m<.>re after sunrise, tlie iield hospitals, 
which had been established near Crawlith 8iirinG:s, 
were hastily broken up and moved far to the N(irth- 
ward, and all wounded men who could walk wore sent 
"if on the roads toward Chattanooga. Others were 
jiioved with the hospitals; and hundreds who could 
not possibly bo moved until the battle was ended were 
loft in hospital tents in care of sin-goons and nurses. 
The necessity of this hasty reiut.ival of the hospi- 
tals was soon apparent ; we cmild not spare even 
Ly tie's brigade from to-day's fight, and the moment 
he moved or was driven from the position atfrordom's 
Mills, the hospitals would be completely uncovered and 

< \posod to the enemy. ^ 

.Vnolhor hour glided by, and now the men weary of 
-landing in line, at the front were reclining ui)on the 
r(Mmd. where they could regain their places in an in- 
;a?it; and the roar lines had stacked arms, and in 
\ke manner wei-e resting and awaiting the renewal of 
1 ho conflict. The sun was slowly melting away the 
frost and sending a delicious warmth upon the limbs 
of tlvousunds, w4u) had shivered througli tho night. — 

< )ccasionally the fhar}) crack of a musket upon the 
>kirmish line; betokened vigilam-e n]>on the extreme 

iont, while so many were seeking much nee<lod re- 
j.-'sc and rest. It was now about nine o'clock, and 
o.\ce})t a straggling irrogidar tire al«.>ng the skirmish 
line, there was very little to indicate the immediate 
]>rcsence of the eneUiV. Both armies were apparent- 
ly ready, and each waiting for the other to make the 
first c]iai'o,"C or di^Kir)ii-;t!\it'on. . 



m HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

Gen Palmer's Division was now in the ' front line, 
siearly in the center of Gen. Thomas' Coips, and had 
already thrown np a slight palisade of logs and rails, 
quite a protection from the "deadly Minnie;" when the 
irregular lire on the skirmish line suddenly increased, 
and the report of a hundred battle-weary nniskets 
startled the men, reclining behind their hasty breast-^ 
work. The soldiers sprang to their places in an in- 
stant — no word of command was required — ^and rest- 
ing their guns on the piles of logs and rails, they calm- 
ly waited for the enemy to come in sight. Old sol- 
diers and true, they now needed no instructions as to 
their duty. Their ranks had been sadly thinned tlic 
day before, but they were undismayed and full of 
spirit, hope and courage. In a few minutes the bat- 
tle opened along our whole liue. Shot and shell 
came tearing through the woods, and our batteries re- 
turned the lire wherever the enemy came in view, 
and whenever there was a possibility of its being ef- 
fective. During the next hour the thunder of battle 
gradually deepened. The terrific clatter of musketry 
was growing so furious, that the constant boom of 
the artiller}^ sounded onty like a thunderous throb, 
but partially breaking the monotonoy of an incessant 
tiin and roar ; while volumes of thick vapor and smoke 
arose above the tops of the trees of that vast forest, 
indicating to the observer upou the heights of Mission- 
ary Ridge, the positions occupied by the contendimg 
armies. 

Soon a swarm of straerglers were seen hasteninc: to 
the rear. Some, however, were wounded, some wore 
sick and were bringing back the horses belonging to 
mounted officers, and alas ! some were only feign- 
ing wounds or sickness ; anything that would give an 
excuse when the battle became fuiious, and pride was 
no lojiger a fair substitute for real couracre. Tliis 



15ATTLE OF CIITCKAMAUGA. !»7 

}iappcns ill every Itattlc ; there ever Avill be, ever, 
tVom the best army ever organized or disciplined, 
dunuh'ods of pkidks and strac:gler."j. Yet at the battle 
«»1" Cliiekamanga, it was remarked by scores of veter- 
an oilicers, that they had never seen an army stand Sd 
unilinchingly, and lose so little of its strength by 
straggling or scattering promisenonsly to the rear. — 
All seemed anxions to do their duty, all were re- 
solved to purchase victory at any cost. 

Soon it was discovered that the enemy were cn- 
ieavuring to turn our left tlaidv, and the Hd brigade ot 
it-n. Palmer's Division was ordered from the liasty line 
t' l»rcastw(irks above mentioned, to check the enemy 
re they should enfilade our lines. The brigade did 
'not relish this movement, antl wore reluctant tu 
*" leave their defences; which Col. A\'aters had been 
he lii-st to recommend and his regiment the tirst to 
put up; but they were too good soldiers to hesitate. 
Jn a few moments they were sjieedily moving by the 
liauk to the position assigned them, when they came 
upon the enemy in strong force, so concealed by the 
rush and underwood, that the lirst intimation of their 
jirescncc was a sharp volley, which killed and wound- 
ed quite a mnnber. A line of battle was however 
formed undeV a galling tire ; ])ut the force of the ene- 
iiy who now charged upon the brigade was so large, 
liat Col. Grose was obliged to eifect a luisty retrejlt, 
u wldch In's bngade fell into considerable confusion, 
in<l some portions were sojiarated from it, and could 
hjt: regain their places until evening. 

Suddenly a frightful yell, sluirp, clear 'and distinct 
ibove the din of battle, rang out directly fn front of 
Mir left, and w-e knew that it must be the enemy 
!iiaking a grand charge, *to. crush and annihilate our 
irniy ar this vital point. Each monent the battle be- 
•anie more tierce and fuiious ; battery after luttcrv 



98 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

in quick succession opened upon the charging masses 
of tlie enemy ; and soon at least one lialf the muskets 
of our Avhole army were sending forth their deadly 
.shower of ]\Iinnies ; tifty or more pieces of artillery 
were belching forth the tcriblc shrapnel, grape and 
canister ; and in the face of this sulphureous storm of 
lead and iron hail ; on, on came the heavy columns 
of the enemy, to be hurled back in confusion after 
rallying several times, and fighting with the frenzy of 
desperation. It Avas like the billows of the ocean, 
dasliing against a rocky shore in a storm. Like a 
rock stood our valiant line, and surge after surge of 
the living waves of fighting men was dashed to pieces 
against it ; though fearfully weakened by the assaults, 
it could not be driven from its position. The terrible* 
yell now died away, or was drowned by the deep, 
constant, unremitted roar of artillery and hideous din 
and clatter of musketry. "There were times when 
the elastic atmosphere and impressive earth, seemed 
to throb with the pulse of battle." The terrific charge 
on the left had been repulsed. Thomas' noble corps, 
strengthened by Palmer's and Johnson's divisions, 
had stubbornly maintained their ground. It was 
now twelve o'clock, and the firing gradually extended 
toward the right, until the whole line, except Davis' 
and Sheridan's divisions, were engaged ; fresh bat- 
teries were now opened, and the dreadful fury of the 
fighting at this time can scarcely be conceived or re- 
alized, except by those who witnessed or were in it 
engaged. Language seems totally inadequate to de- 
scribe it. An eloquent correspondent says ; "A doz- 
en claps of thunder at the same instant, might have 
been heard above the din of that fearful noon, but, it 
would scarcely have sensibly*" increased the crushing 
volume of sound." 

The divisions of Brannan, I3eard, Eeynolds, John- 



UATTLE OF CIIICK:.VMAUGA. 99 

si»ii, TaliMor, "Wood and Xofjlev -vvere letting forth 
their utmost strength, and tliough the grand charge 
of the enemy had heen repulsed, our lines were great- 
ly weakene<l; and now the enemy l>rings forward his 
])owerful reserves, and combining them with the shat- 
tered divisions which had been driven back again 
hurls upon our devoteil left a stupendous and over- 
})Owering fon-e. It v\-as in vain that our noble divi- 
sions attempted to cheek and drive back this tremend- 
ous torrent of tresh troops. Valiantly, stubbornly, 
even desperately did they maintain their ground ; but 
(b'vision after division was crushed and borne back by 
liie force of numbers, as well as the fury of the on- 
diiughts. Sometimes a brigade would be completely 
overpowered, and finding it hnpossible to mahitain 
its ground, would break to atoms and rush a few hun- 
Ired yawls to the rear — not to straggle off and give 
up the day, but there to reform and agahi ch:ii-ge in- 
to the thickoi^t of the light, iiuiking the solid columns 
f the enemy recoil and waver; then on again came 
ihe heavy masses of the enemy, and a division would 
"C scattered before it like chalf from the windmill; 
l)ut though it might go back upon a run, it Avas only 
to gain a little time, and a few hundred yards to the 
AVestward the enemy would come upon it as per- 
icctly organized as before the battle commenced — as 
determined and resolute as though it had never been 
lorced to retreat or give up au inch of contested 
-round. 

Gen. Thomas was now rirtually commanding the 
whole army — the gluttonous left had swaUowctl u]) 
all other commands ; and though the great an<l glori- 
ous old General had all the divisions under his con- 
trol, he was unal)le for a time entirely to check the 
steady advance ofBragg's, Buckner's and Longs treat's 
combined legions. At a])out two oVlock. ,~]oulv ;tnd 

L. 9" ;. 



100 IIISTOPtY OF THE REGIMENT. 

steadily the deadly roar and din was moving Westward- 
yet not an instant did Gen. Thomas, though driven 
from ridge to ridge, waver in his determination to 
hold the iield. Division after division had been forced 
back ; battery after battery had been hnrried from 
one elevation to another a little further to the rear, 
there again to pour forth its double charges of grape 
and canister, and mow broad swaths through the 
dense columns that were sti'uggling towards it. No«t 
a moment for hours had the deadly carnage ceased : 
aud well was it for the surviving portion of the army, 
that the almost deafening thunder of artillery had 
summoned the last unemployed divisions, (Gen. Gran- 
ger's command) to the assistance of the inflexible 
Tliomas, and the indomitable divisions under him. 

When Gen. Wood was removed to the left, Gen.'s 
Davis and Sheridan had attempted to close the ga}) 
thus made, by a rapid movement in the same direc- 
tion. Gen. Davis succeeded in reaching his position, 
but was unable to resist the storm ; like the divisions 
further to the left he was slowly driven back. Sheri- 
dan was now forced to al)andon the strong position 
lie had taken in the morning and moved forward liis 
unfaltering regiments on the double quick to aid Gen. 
Davis. One brigade (Col. Seibolt's,) he ordered to 
deploy into line of battle on the run as they come 
under fire, and charge upon the enemy who were now 
bearing Davis steadily back. The charge was in- 
stantly made, but before it strikes the enemy, one ot' 
iJavis' brigades is enfiladed, and the men are only 
able to escape being taken prisoners by running to the 
right, into the very midst of the charging column, 
and this tears it to pieces. 

Gen. Lytle 7aow came in with his brigade, but as 
ho is forming in line of battle is struck by a ball in 
the head, and falls into the arms of his p-'r! 'i • ^ 



P,AT'J1.K OV ClllC]s:A:iUUGA. U)l 

cuoiny duirge in Avitli resistless fury, atul in a few 
momcHts, (.Tenoral >Slicriclaii with lii:< entire division i?? 
separated bv a superior force fruni the left under Gen. 
'J'liomas. He rapidly gathers np his scattered brig- 
ades and strikes into a detilc in Missionary Ridge, 
hoping still to rejoin the main army, or to reach 
Chat tan oog^fi. 

This movement of the enemy in cutting off Sheri- 
dan, and crusliing Davis' division, swung back our 
right so that all that remamed of the army -was con- 
centrated directly in front of the g«.p through Avliicli 
the road ])assos to li" sviile : and here Gen. Thomas 
\vas still lioldii,;,' wiili. intlexible tenacity, wlien the in- 
trepid Gen. Steadman came up Avitli his fresh brig- 
ade, -svliich "was quickly fyJloMcd by most of Gen. 
Granger's command; -who immediately went into the 
iight, with a vigor and ' lily told 

upon the fatigued and . the ene- 

my. Tliey had not bei'u]\- this bat- 

tle ; and though tl- ■■ i' * ' i-v"ch 

over the mountain 
ous, beside troops tiiaL ii.i.i 
ing. Thu^ reinforced, Gin 
able to maintain his position at: Iik 
Ixidge, but as the enemy b'\" i ' . 
tigue; to ]>ress fonvard and 
lK>sit ions from "vvhich lie had dl'-d 
orous ami stubborn resistanc3 ; aiul >. 
its gToomy mantle over the sangidn.ir, 
master of the gap and road leading to 
Chattanooga. The enemy was baffled, 
tiaved, and we were still in possession of • . 
point of the campaign, tliough a terri!': 
this day l)een paid for its rctcrition. L r^ 
in the morning until dark, the battle h.:.\ .■... 
unabated and relentless fury; but now the tl: 



102 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

of artillery was liuslied, tlie fearful clatter of inusket- 
ly slowly died away, and soon after dark entirely 
83ased. Tlie whole army had fought nobly. Over- 
powered by superior numbers it had been partially 
crushed ; but its spirit and resolution was indomitable. 
The men were not whipped, though they had failed to 
hold the field. We had lost heavily, but coiLsidering 
the fary of the contest, for so many hours^incessantly 
waged, it was by no means so large as might have 
been expected. The enemy's loss greatly e-xceeded 
ours, for we had every advantage in the way ©f ai-- 
tillery. They had depended upon the musket and 
bayonet almost entirely, and had brought but few 
batteries into action; while upon our side a host of 
batteries had been brought into play with trcmcndo^is 
etfect, during the whole ^day's light. AVe had lost 
many guns, but they had mown down the enemy 
most fearfully, until the 4asf moment before tlVey were 
surrendered. 

About five o'clock in the evening, a rallying lino 
had been formed near Rossville, and here all men 
not wounded were required to fall into ranks ; huii- 
dreds were coming back looking for their regiments, 
not excited or frightened, but leisurely au^d quietly as 
though the army had been victorious. Thousands 
now fell into ranks at this line, and soon a second 
line was formed, extending to a considerable distance 
to the right and left of the main road, and as soon ad 
night came on the work of reorganizing the scattereel 
Brigades and the broken Divisions conunenced. — 
Gen.'s McCook and Crittenden during the afternoon, 
finding themselves without commands had rode b:ick 
to Chattanooga, but before dark were again at thc 
front, and assisted in* collecting and reorganizing the 
armv. 

Durmg the night. Gen. l^oinas took a strong posi- 



13ATTLE OF CIIICKAMAUGA. lOH 

tion oil Mi.>.-iuiiarv 11 iu-e, where he could ninko tlic 
gap ini[)rcgiiable by the enemy, and strong linos ot" 
'Teust-works "were thrown up at every position takon. 
riic remainder of the army was concentrated West ot 
the liidge near Eossville, and fortified Jheu* position 
strongly. Cieneral Sheridan, who had been cut off 
from the main body, and who, with his whole division 
was said to be captured; about midnight repnvted to 
(.ten. Thomas, Avith more men and artillery than lie 
had taken iut(» the fiu^ht on Sunday morninjr. lie 
had tm-ned the enemy's left flank, liad collected all 
: he pieces of regiments and scattered troops that came 
in his way, and had brought off nearly all hi.- ; itillery, 
and a Avhole battery abandoned by one of ,j 'uuson's 
(.livision's. 

During this busy night, the immense wagon trains 
tit" the whole army were collected in and about Chat- 
tonooga, and conunenced crossing the Tennessee jiver ; 
while on the road toward Bridgeport were hundreds 
'f slightly, and many severely wounded, who yet be- 
ing able to walk, were making all i)Ossiblc speed to- 
ward Ih-idgeport, knowing that they would from that 
point be hurried back to Nashville, where they could be 
projterly cared for and iiave their Avounds dressed. The 
road from Kossvillo to Chattanooga had duriiig the 
whole afternoon been lined A\ith wounded and strag- 
glers ; the fomicr received all the care and attentiofv 
the brigdc stationed in Chattanooga could possible 
give them — the latter were hurried toward the front 
by vigilant officers. 

AVhen the sun arose on ?.londay morning, whioh 
was chilly and glum as that of Sunday, the army was 
lying quietly behind the hasty fortifications, the 
grime of battle still u[)onthe men faceiJ, only changing 
the firm determined look of inflexible resolution an<l 
couraire, to a grave savajieness or f< ii"!fv of demean- 



i04 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

or. Tlie troops felt tliat the worst was over ; thai 
they had been forced back only by overwhehniiig 
numbers ; that the spirit of the avmy was yet un- 
broken, and it was prepared now to give the enemy 
a more terrible repulse, than he had at any time re- 
ceived in the previous encounters. The army was 
forced back, but was not whipped — Avas ]iot even dis- 
heartened. The enemy had suffered so terribly, that 
he was in no haste to renew the battle. Towards 
noon he sent forward a strong skirmish line, evident- 
ly feeling for the position we had selected ; and M'hen 
our men arose behind their breastworks and poured 
in a volley, the line broke up and precipitately re- 
treated. In the afternoon, seeing that our army was 
receiving a supply of rations, they threw a fevr shot 
and shell, which did no damage whatever — and so 
passed the day, in comparative quiet, after the des- 
perate struggle, the indescribable .contest of the pro- 
ceeding day. The wagon trains, were all day long 
])eing hurried across the river at Chattanooga, and in 
front of the^city, Gen. Rosecrans had his vrhole engin- 
eer corps employed in laying out a line of fortifica- 
tions from the river above, across to the base of Look- 
out Mountain. 

During Jionday night, the whole army fell back to 
tliis line of defense, and when morning broke, quite a 
strong line of works had been thrown up; and the 
wKole effort of the army during the day was to ren- 
dei^this line impregnable. The timber along tlie 
Jine was I'apidly felled and piled up to begin the 
Vvorks, and every spade, pick and shovel that had 
])cen brought across the mountains, was constantly in 
use. Before night, on Tuesday, Septeml^er 22d,. the 
■enemy were in full view upon ilissionary Ridge, and 
Bwung round to our right until they took possession 
of Lo')l;(>nt ?.r.^v.(ii:)n On r hospitals were now cs- 



BATTLE OF CH[CKA.A[AL;(>A. 105 

tablishcd on tlic Noi-th side of the river, and wero 
crowded with Avoundcd men, though tlioui=;mds had 
ah-eady been sent bt ck toward Naahville. The ene- 
my showed no intention of an immediate attack, but 
liuldiug a Knu from the river above to the river below 
t'lc town, were e\idently resolved upon a seige. 

AV^e have dwelt at considerable length upon the 
general features of this marvclously terrific battle; 
and now we would briefly call attention to the part 
t>ui- nol)lo Kegiment took, in the dreadfully sanguina- 
ry (.-DTiflict ; one of the hardest fought, and most de- 
structive, that took jilace during the war. 

On Saturday our llegiment was upon the skirmish 
line, when the reconnoisancc was made by the 3'lr 
brigade, as already mentioned. From tliis dangerous 
position the line canie back in fine order, and it was 
not until Palmer's division was moved to the left, that 
> e were brought into action. From this time until 
1 lark, we were in the thickest of the iight, and lost 
licavily. During the night, we were moved still fur- 
tlier to the right ; and at daylight on Simday morn- 
ing were nearly in the center of Thomas' corps. It 
nvas here that Col. Waters made the tirst start toward 
building l)reastworks, and within an Iiour our Kegi- 
ment Juul brought together such a mass of logs, railg^ 
Mid rocks; that they had ample protection from the 
-everest musketry, tliat could have been brought to 
bear upon tliem. Only an hour or so after comwpt- 
ing this work, were the men who had built, permmed 
t'> occupy it. 

'Hie third Brigade was ordered to the extreme left; 
,>ii(l while nnjving l>y the flank to gain this position,-. 
^\■ere brought mider ;i heavy Are from tln' concealed 
• aemy. JSoon the Are became so terril»ly severe that. 
he brigade was ordered to retreat, and in so doing 
oas-jod thri.'Ugh a dense undergrowth — in some places 



106 HISTOEY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

a perfect tliicket ; and beiug liurled back in coimision,. 
•our Eeg'iment, as well as most others of the brigade, 
was considerably scattered. The thickets and ravines 
broke it into three pieces, which were separated dur- 
ing the remainder of the day. Perhaps half the Reg- 
iment kept their eyes on the Colonel, and rallied the 
moment he considered it practicable, and, ordered 
them to form in line. 

]\Iore than two whole companies were collected by 
Captain Ervin, who succeeded in bringing them to 
main body of the brigade ; and a third portion from 
the I'ight of the Eegiment, unable to find where the 
remainder of the regiment had gone, were formed in 
line and commanded through the day by Capt. Elig- 
gins, who had been able to hold his company togeth- 
er during the retreat. But although separated, no 
part of the Eegiment remained idle, until after the 
sun had set. 

Col. Waters not only had .; 1. 1. . .,. ia^. ^IugL..>.i.i;, 
but collected hundreds of men who were lost from 
their commands, and with this force, sometimes 
amounting to almost a bi'igade, was constantly em- 
plojed, and did some terribly hard fighting. 

Capt. Ervin's sm-all battalion was likewise increas- 
^1 rather than diminished; and held position after po- 
sition with such indomitable pei'tinacity, that the Brig- 
ack»,<^'onnnander could not refrain from giving him a 
wl&mej'ited compliment, in his report of the battle. 
Tins portion of the Eegiment, justly deserves the cred- 
it of holding the enemy in check, longer than any part 
of the Division with which they were fighting ; and 
it cannot be disputed that they were the last to leave 
the tield, when the brigade was ordered back to the 
•foot of Missionary Eidge, late in the ipvening. 

Xor was Capt. Higgins with his section of the Eeg- 
iment less busily employed. For a time he attached 



IIATTLE OF CIIICKAMAL(JA. 107 

liii cttinuiand to the lotli Kentuekv Vol., and when this 
jvgiiiieiit was scattered hkc sparks from the black- 
ginith's anvil, hy one of those frenzied charges so fre- 
qnently made during this bloody contest; lie rallied 
liis companies a short distance to the rear, and with 
them so many others froni a score of sliattorod regi- 
ments, that he had more than a full sized regiment, 
with which to hcl]) in resisting the heavily siu-ging 
waves of troops, that time and again dashed upon our 
lines during this day of feai-iul carnage and slaughter. 
At night the Regiment was again united, and straygc 
to say, each portion was Rurj)rised to iind t}';it tlic 
others, had not been wholly taken prisonci-^. 

It was at tkis time impossible, to ascertain wftat (jur 
loss had been during the day, and not until tiie amty 
had fallen back, an<l commenced fortifying Ciiattai> 
ooga, could a reliable report of the killed, r/oimded 
nnd missing l>c made out. The author during jhe 
week succeeding the battle, iv:i> .iMc to .^uni up the 
loss as follows : 

Killed upon tie field 11 

Severely wounded. 77 

Missing, 12 

Total, 100 

Besides the u'oundcd altove named, there were at 
least tifty, who were so slightly wounded that they re- 
fused to go to hos]ntal : and most of them were 
very unwilling that their names should a]>]iear, upon 
the list of wounded sent; home for publication, realiz- 
ing the anxiety it would occasion their triends and 
•kinch'ed. ]\Iany <.)f our severely wounded, had bcc^ 
necessarily left in the hands of the onemy; and a f w 
Ave were certain had been taken prisoners. Lieut. 
Col. ]\lorton, at the time on duty on (.Jen. Palmer's 
^tafi", was missinir, and his fate unknown until wcek> 



108 HISTORY OF THE EEGDIENT 

afterwa rd when he was heard fi;om, an inmate ofT^ibl>y 
Prison. 

Our loss as a Eegiment, had again been severe, hut- 
not as fearful as we had met with at Stone River ; 
many of our bravest men had gone down amid the 
furious din of battle, and breathed out their noble 
lives upon the bloody iield, while the leaden rain and 
iron hail was sweeping down the hosts tliat wcro 
charging over them; many had been so seriously 
w^ounded that there M^as scarcely gro'and for hope of 
their recovery, or that if they did survive, they wvjuld 
ever again be able to fill their places in 'our thinnod 
and now twice decimated ranks. 

Capt. Thomas D. Adams, a man of the most uri- 
liinching integrity and sterling worth, of purest mor- 
als and most inflexible courage; whose previous life 
had been resplendent with many virtues, and who 
\Vas respected, admired and beloved by the whole 
Regiment; had been shot through the body on the 
lirst day, and died ere the battle was renewed upon 
Sunday morning, after suffering the most excruciating 
agony. The fall of many noble ones had w^e to la- 
ment, but none was more generally or sincerely la- 
mented than Capt, Adams. For the loss of many no- 
ble comrades were wo called to mourn, but we caimot 
at this time particularize. This chapter is alreac\y 
much too long. 

We cannot close it without mentioning the fact, 
that at the close of this great battle, we had the pleas- 
ure of meeting with the 78th Reg. 111. Vols., whicl» 
we had not seen since Ave left Louisville, Ky., nearly 
n year before. They had escaped the carnage and 
.slaughter of Stone River, and though brought into the 
light at Chickamauga at a late hour, they liad fought 
with a valor and courage, which reflected lionor upon 
themselves and our State: and had suiiei-ed perhaps^ 



i^ATi'LE Oi^' CI1ICIV.UIAUGA. 109 

luite as S3verely as many Begiments v/lio took part ia 
the \vh( lo engagement. IJlit we cannot dwell upon 
their lighting or fearful loss ; suffice it to say that 
we were happy to meet them again, and glad to find 
them attaclied to the noble army that had here again 
met with severest losses, and overmatched, had been 
•forced to retire from the gloomy valley of Dead Man's 
river ; but which, thougli torn to pieces, had ncjt been 
lost, though sadly weakened in numbers was 3'et un- 
broken in sjtirit, undaunted by the superior force ar- 
rayed agaiuit it, and was now determined to hold 
tlieir positioo on the Soutli si<lo of the. Tennessee Hv- 
wi', or sutli-r n,!i!iilii!-ition in the attcinDt. 



^ ' ""j:^"^ ,^^ 



.> 



CHAPTER IX. 

THE SEIGE OF CHATTAN^OOGA. 

TlieTirmy of the Cumberland, we have seen in the 
■foregoing chapter, after being overwhelmed by a 
vastlj superior force, had i-etired to a liae of defense 
in front of Clmttanooga; while the enemy had taken 
a position chrcctly in front, extending his liae from 
the Tennessee ri\er, above the city along Missionary 
Ridge nearly to Rossville, thence Westward acrosf. 
the Chattanooga Valley, to the river at the foot of 
Lookout 3Iountain. By falling back to a line across 
the bend of the Tennessee river, in which Chattanoo- 
go is situated, our lines v^'ere so much contracted tlxit 
they were fully able to cope with extended lines of 
the enemy. 

For more than a week after taking these position?, 
om* army was almost incessantly employed in throw- 
ing U]) a strong line of fortifications. Night and day 
the wcrrk went on, and by the 27th of September the 
utmost confidence "was expressed, that we could hold 
the city a^inst any force Gen. Bragg might bring 
against it. In fact the feeling throughout the army, 
if expressed in a wish, would have been for the enemy 
attack us immediately. But though he coveted the 
] position of such strategic importance, yet it had been 
clearly demonstrated on the blood v field of Chicka- 



SEIGE OF CIIATTAX(XH;A. ni 

li'iaiiga, that he avouIJ meet with ficivc and determin- 
ed resistance should he attempt to retake it ; that he 
would rush his army into a desperate eneounter, in- 
volving immense slaughter, and perhaps ultimate de- 
struction, if he attempted to charge our works and 
take it hy assault, llenec he took a strong position 
on ^lissionary itidge, and having planted heavy bat- 
teries upon the side and summit of Lookout Mountain, 
attempted to harass our forces in their works, while 
his M'hoife cavalry force was sent to cut oft' our suj)- 
phes. 

The city of Chattanooga, at the beginning of the 
war, probably contained nearly three thoui^and irdj^b- 
itants: at least one sixth of wlu)m were em^loj«d at 
its depots, and upon the railroads centtring heic from 
the East, West, North and South. It^ was dimply u, 
great railroad ceuter, situated in a d^ej) vyil'ry be- 
tween the hills that come boldly- up to tht bHuk ot 
the river. jMa-'t of the busine.-.^ houscf were upoR 
-Main street, vniicli runs nearly SSouth frjom Uic steam- 
boat landing to the depots in the South end ©f *he 
town. Directly ^^'est of it is a high, ?<toei» emiuc«n(»r, 
known as Prt>sj)ect Hill, and to tbu3 F4astxTard »uo«ep- 
sivc ridges foi* neo-rly a inilo, then a brc>ftd raller, 
separating them from Mi*sionftrT Ridge, lu a ^uth 
iind Soutli Eftit^rly direction from the. town, th** 
country is level for several miles. It was a plnee of 
considerable business, for the railroads from the l>?t 
and tSouth centered here, at the only ])oint dtcmwl 
])racticable to attempt to build a railroad acrow the 
Cumberland Mountiiins. Its depots and warehousss 
were large and connaodiou*, and shortl}' after the 
war conunence<l, it became one of the jrcnt military 
depots of the >South ; a point at which vast stores of 
arms and ammunition, as well as Quartermasters' ftjid 
Commissary stores were accumulated. Having from 



112 HISTORY OF THE EEGBIENT. 

this place direct communication ^vltli tlie Cmnberland 
river at Nashville, with the Tennessee river at Deca- 
tur below Muscle Shoals, with the whole of Georgia 
and the Carolinas via Atlanta, and Virginia via Knox- 
ville and Bull's Gap; it was perhaps the best .point in 
the whole South, at which to collect the vast stores 
required by great armies, and hold them in readiness 
till they should be needed in the field. 

It was, in brief, not only their great central milita- 
ry depot, but being situated nearly half way from the 
rebel seat of government to the Mississippi, on one of 
the principal tlioronghfares, at the gate or pass in- 
the Cumberland range, it became a place ot incalcu- 
lable military importance. It had been Gen. Bragg's 
base of suppk's during the winter of }862 and 1863, 
and until he was forced from it by the great fknk 
'move^uent, teri^inated by the battle of Chickamaugii. 

After the bame of Stone Eivey; and • during th» 
Summer campaign of 1863, the sick and wounded of 
the rebel army were sent here, and seven hospital 
buildings were erected under the direction of Gen.- 
Ih-agg for their aceommodation. That their mortali- 
ty was very large, was evidenced by the extensive 
eeme,tery toward the Eastern part of the city; where 
we n'oticed several hundred new made graves, with 
wooden head-boards, containing only n, number, or 
■occasionally the initiiils of tlie name of the unfortu- 
nate soldier. When the place fell into our possession 
tliere were probablj- less than a thousand inhabitants 
;,3"emainiijg, for many had left the moment it was 
k] lown that the rel)el army would be forced to evacuate. 
Most of the dwelling houses were deserted, and nearly 
■all the business l*ou?es closed, and their contents re- 
moved. The i^laye had suffered severely while Bragg 
Avas occirpying it, and wdien he found himself forced 
to give it up ; but this was trilling beside the usage it 



S!':i(;i': ()i" ('iiA'ir.worKiA. ii:; 

received \vlu'ii occinticd l)_v <»iiri>jife-, and iti-i'ii;( u iiv 
the iiriiiy lately driN'Cii IVoiu it, and i-iiice btrongly re- 
inibioed. 

After the work on the iorlificatiou.^ luul hocn most 
vigorously prosecuted for ahout a ■week, the excessive 
labor Avas relaxed. Oidv about one third of the men 
were detailed daily for this duty, and some opportunity 
■\vas given for rest, now imperatively re({uired, after so 
many days and nights incessant activity. 

Now, all the movements of the army were discussed, 
thousands of incidents upon the battle field were re- 
lated, and the annalist or historian had an oppoi'tunity 
to gather up the leading facts, to spread upon the record 
for prc.-scrvation. The conduct of every regiment u})on 
the held was now canvassed ; each brigade and division 
was claiming its own, of the laurels to be awarded the 
whole army, for its obstinate yet unavailing effort to 
maintain its position upon the Chickamauga ; and es- 
pecially did the conduct of cfficers of all ranks and 
grades, become the theme of common conversation. 

It was most remarkable what a change of feeling 
had taken place in the army, (perhaps we .should con- 
fine it the 2nil division), in respect to the General com- 
manding. . At the battle of Stone lliver, Gen. Rose- 
crans had shown himself so brave, so determined and 
resolute, so captible of wringing a victory out of an 
apparent defeat, by a speedy rearrangement orin-okcn 
and shattered columns; ; that lie at once became im- 
mensely popular with the whole of his command. The 
^'immer campaign had added to this already exalted 
ination, and when the movement was being carried fr' 

; that gave us Chattanooga: yea even until the trrii- 
battle upon Dead Man's river was nearly ended, he 
wa.-i ike boast, the p'Vide, the very idol of his grand 
army. But now, vhcn the smoke and dust of battle 
had cleared away, when the incidents of that .furious* 
conflict were bein^' recounted and reviewed: how wa.s it 



114 HISTOPtY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

■with our admired, illustrous, and heretofore almo- 
worshiped champion and commander ? Alas ! the hal»i 
of his glory had wasted away. Eew were there who 
would openly speak in a derogatory or condemntory 
manner of hira, or his singular conduct ; yet his early 
return from the hattlo field to Chattanooga on Sunday 
afternoon; leaving the whole task of bringing the de- 
voted army out of the awful crisis, aild saving it from 
utter destruction entirely to others; was often mcntior- 
ed with a shake of the head or a sigh, that express; 
all a true soldier would wish his friends andcom^'ades to 
understand. Yes, Gen. Eosecrans had terribly fallen in 
the estimation of the rank and file of the army. And 
in the very hour that he was losing his high position in 
their affection and esteem; the indomitable Gen. Thom- 
as, respected and beloved before, on account of his in- 
flexible resolution, his sublime strength of will and cour- 
age, his incomparable ability to meet, check, baffle, and 
eventually hold at bay, a force immensely superior to 
his own, was securing tbe eternal gratitude, respect and 
love of all that remained of the Army of the Cumber- 
land; the gratitude, esteem and admiration of all true 
patriots in the whole nation. The star jof Rosecrans' 
glory had not set ; while the records of the battlefields 
of lukaand Stone River remain, it can never bo entire- 
ly obscured. But on that eventful day the star of Gen. 
Thomas, one of the brighest planets in the military 
constellation, had beamed forthwith such effulgence and 
intensity, that all eyes were directed to-ward it ; and 
Avhen the awful conflict was ended, it was near the 
zenith, while that of our former favorite was sadly 
' overclouded. . As Gen. Rosecrans had lost in the affec- 
tions of his command, so, except in a greater degree, 
had Gen. Thomas gained. Aiyl while few tuue sol- 
diers ever ventured, at least Avhile in the service, to 
express fully their sentiments; all seemed to regret the 
misfortune of our brave and resolute "Old Rosy,'' Ami 



SEIG.E OF CIIAT1\\X00( ; A. l ] .j 

rvll wore rapturous in their praise, ami never wearicl in 
expressing their esteem swid admiration, for "tlic lioio 
ut" Cliickumauga." 

On the evening of Scptcmher 2Gtli, ahout 11 o'doek 
p. m., the enemy made their hrst dash or charge upon 
our formidable fortifications. For lialf an hour there 
Avas a sharp chatter of musketry, interspersed Avith the 
constant boom of heavy artillery ; but it turned out to 
be only a reconnoisaacc in force, a morouiont to as- 
coftain the strength of our lines; and consci[ucntly as 
soon as the single d;ush was made, the enemy fell back 
to their former position, and all again became quiet 
u])on the picket lin<^. 

Oh the 2Vtk, an arrangement rras effected with tlie 
enemy, in regard to our ATounded left upeu the battle 
field, and in field hospitals. Gen. Bragg after dc- 
«a:}dmg an immediate surrender of the city, had 
afre«4 to permit two hundred of our ambulances to 
p»s« tknoBgh hijs llTiw to the hospitals, near Crawfi^h 
Jjpriugs: to briagin all our vounded who were then iin<l 
at tkatj)lace ptrolod. Accordingly tho ambulance irsiin 
accomp-cvuit'd by a ilogimcnt passed through om* lincj, 
ami wa#; mot Ijjf a regiB>ent or more of the enemy, half 
Avay between the tAvo anuics. The llegi«iont fi*oni onr 
m-my roav h«,kod ; tke train was suj^plied wpth a neAV 
set of drivers froia tke rebel regiment, and went for- 
Avard to the Hospitals, Avifheut the attcnda)ice cf a man 
from the Federal army. SloAfly tke day paj^cil by and 
wight came on, and still the train did nos return. MaKy 
considered it entirely lost, and severely censnrcHl (ren. 
llosecra»s for sending it in this way into the basils o-f 
an enemy, Avho had not on all occasious prorcd eutirclv' 
trustworthy or honorable. Eut about midnight the tram 
began to come in, and before morning some six or sevci"! 
hundred of our noble boys, were cpiietly re.'^tiivg upon 
cots and mattresses in our avcII provided Hospital*:, re- 
ceiving every attention that skillfal Surgeons and kind 



IIG HISTOllY OF THE REGIMENT. 

nurses could bestow. They had suffered terribly Vihiio 
in the hands of the enemy. But little attention liad 
been paid to their Avounds, and day after day they were 
furnished with no other article of diet, than a sort of 
gruel, made of sour and musty corn meal ; occasionally, 
they had beef soup, and upon such fare, sufi'ering as 
they were, nearly all were reduced in flesh and strength, 
so that it was very difficult to recruit them. ^Y'e 
learned from several members of our Regiment, Vvho 
vrcre so unfortunate as to be wounded and taken priso- 
ners ; that when our ambulance train arrived at the 
rebel hospital, the wounded men were informed that 
they could get into the train, and go to Chattanooga; 
but no assistance was given them, and there were many 
who were totally unable to walk, or to move without 
assistance. Yet the thought and prospect of .retuTning 
to their friends; of receiving care, attention and sym- 
pathy, and diet that was palatable and invigorating; 
roused many of them from their beds of straw, and 
helped them to drag their emaciated bodies to the am- 
bulances. Men wifth brolcen limbs assisted each other, 
and roused by excitement, nearly all who remained alive 
under the cruel treatment they had received as priso- 
ners, succeeded in getting into the train. As 
soon as they reached our lines, they were furnished Avith 
food and stimulants, and vrhen they finally reached our 
hospitals every attention was bestowed upon them ; but 
Avith many, alas ! it vraa too late. Our soldiers who 
escorted the train, stated that the wounded men a« they 
passed into our lines, AS'ould ask the first soldier they saw 
in blue for ''hard tack;" and many a poor fellow lay 
and nibbled upon one for an hour as the train was com- 
ing in, declaring it the sv/eetest food he had ever tasted. 
Many of our severely wounded, left in the hands of the 
rebels, had died before the ambulances Avcnt out; and a 
large proportion of those brought in weje too much 
cinaclale:! cxcr to recover. Probably not onD out cf 



SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 117 

;wenty, of the severely wounded, survived. 

On the 30th of September, our Brigade was removed 
rom the front line, which it had occupied, and con- 
tantly worked upon since the night of the 21st, to a 
)osition in the edge or out skirts of the city ; and from 
his time the details to work on the fortifications were 
nuch lighter, and the men had an opportunity for rest 
md recreation. On the same day Adjt. Charles E. 
^Yaters resigned, having been severely afflicted with 
■synovetis," since about the first of February; and be- 
ng entirely disabled for any kind of duty in the army, 
Russell W. Caswell, 2nd Lieut, of co. G, who had 
)een for several months acting Adjutant, was shortly 
ifterward promoted to the Adjutantcy. 

Toward evening September 28th, a heavy rain set in, 
he first that had fallen since the 16th of August, and 
t continued nearly every day or night for about a 
nonth. The weather became cool and the nights chilly 
md uncomfortable as soon as the rainy season set in, 
md our men began speedily to build winter quarters. 
A.t first materials were quite plenty, for but little re- 
;triction was placed upon the men, and they first took 
lown the board fences in the city, next the barns, sheds, 
itables and outbuildings; and before all could procure 
lumber most of the unoccupied houses were torn down, 
:md converted into shanties of every conceivable de- 
scription. This destruction of property was absolutely 
tiecessary, from the fact, that our men wcye scantily 
supplied with blankets; but few could be procured, and 
lacking blankets, the men must have huts and houses 
to shelter them from the pitiless rain, and the pinching 
cold and chilliness of the nights. 

On the 4th of October, our Regiment was sent cjt 
to guard a forage train ; and crossing the Tennejrsee 
River went up on the opposite side about thirty ruilcs 
before they were able to find corn to load it. Along 
Sails Creek they found a small quantity, which they 



118 HISTORY OF THE REGK^IENT, 

secured, and returned on the 6th to Chattanooga, 
Three weeks later not a load of forage could be 
found within fifty miles of Chattanocga, on the North 
aide of the Tennessee. 

On the 5th, the enemy having got some of their 
heavy batteries into position on the top and side of 
Lookout Mountain, opened upon our line South of the 
city, and threw an occasional shot far beyond our 
works and even into the midst of the besieged army. 
But the guns were at such an elevation, and the dis- 
tance so great, that there was no certainty in their fir- 
ing, and very little damage was done, though their ai'til- 
leTy practice was continued for weeks. 

About this time Gen. Hooker arrived at Bridgeport, 
with the 11th and 12th Army Coi'ps, nuHibering about 
twelve or fifteen thousaaid men, and commenced moving 
up the Tennessee valley toward Lookoisit Montain. 
Day after day we had reports of his moveaient?, and 
were daily expecting he would make an attack iii tkat 
quarter, but the reports were almost groundless ; it 
was not until two weeks afterward, tlisit he came through 
the pass at Whiteside and took a position in front of 
Lookout, at a point which about this time 6ook the 
name of Wauhatchie. 

The old Army of the Cumberland was now being re- 
organized. The 20th and 21st Corps were united wat-h 
the 4th and 14th, and Gens. Crittenden and McCook 
being relieved of 'heir commands, started for Indian- 
apolis, where tlu^v were to have an investigation of their 
alleged misconduct at Chickamauga. The reorganiza- 
tion caused many regiments to move to the right and 
le.''.:., along ihe line ; .but it was our good fortune t© re- 
U: ition. The command of both our division 

f!,~: . ;, remained the same;- but tLe Gth Regiment 

was transferred fi-om oui' brigade to Gen. 
.icn. r^nd the 59th, 75th and 80th 111. Vols., 
-d Ind. Vols., were incorporated 



vSIECJE OF Cli A'l'rAXi >0(-iA. 110 

into tlio third brigade. Our position was now in the 
•M Brigade, 1st Division, 4th Army Corps. 

About tlie 10th of October we first began to rcali::c 
that our rations Avere growing scant. Our Division 
was much more fortunate tlian most others when the 
siege began ; for as each division had its separate Com- 
missary, and ours had been most energetic in bringing 
forward supplies from Bridgeport ; Ave had more than 
40 000 rations on hand, AThen tlic enemy by taking 
possession of Lookout Mountain, closed our direct 
route to Bridgeport, the base of our supplies. Hence, 
though a considerable part of the army Avas on half 
rations almost from the outset, we Avere not reduced to 
this extremity until all the supplies on hand Avcre turned 
'u to the Post Commissary, and all Averc made to share 
liike. As early as the liHh, scant half rations were 
issued, and this Avas all that could possibly be obtained, 
for all oUr supplies AVcre noAv brought over Walden's 
Bidge, by a circuitous route, from Stevenson, Ala. 
The enemy had gradually extended their line North- 
ward from the Western slope of Lookout, until they 
established an outpost on the river, at the Narrows 
about four miles NorthAvest of Chattanooga. The 
only route noAv open to our supply trains was, after 
crossing the river at Chattanooga, to go about twelve 
miles nearly due North up the river bottom to Toe's 
Tavern, then ascend Walden's Ridge, and crossing di- 
rectly over it to the Nortlnvest, come into the Sequat- 
chee valley at Dunlap ; then pass doAvn this valley to 
ihe moutli of Battle Creek, and from thence take a 
direct route to Stevenson, passing about three or ftur 
miles to the North of Bridgepc^-t. Thus we had to 
Iring all our supplies over one of the highest and 
steepest ridges of the Cumberland iMountains, and 
along the Sequatchee and Tennessee valleys, whi«h thi 
rains had rendered almost impassible, tho distance ul" 
ninety miles, Avhen in a direct line it Avas only thirty- 



120 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

seven miles from Stevenson to Chattanooga. All the 
wagon trains of our army were now kept constantly 
upon the road ; hut it took a train from fourteen to 
twenty days to go to, and return loaded from Steven- 
son. 

Once an attempt was made, to run a section of our 
Division train through to Stevenson, by way of the 
pass at the South end of Walden's Ridge, called the 
Narrows, on a more direct line, hut the enemy's sharp- 
shooters nearly destroyed it. They let the whole train 
come quietly into the pass between the river and moun- 
tain, and then commenced shooting down the mules near 
the front and rear, so that the road was completely block- 
ed at both ends. One driver was killed and three were 
wounded before they could escape; and probably one 
fourth of the mules of the entire train wore shot down 
before the drivers could cut them loose from the wagons 
a,nd bring them out. The driver killed was jNIonroe 
Harland, of co. B, 84th 111. Vols., one of the best 
soldiers of the Regiment; a young man of excellent 
habits, and fine abilities, and highly respected by his 
own company and all who knew him. 

This route being effectually closed, we had only the 
one above mentioned, and this was daily becoming 
more difficult; for the rain still continued, and the heavy 
army wagons cut the roads to pieces wherever they 
passed. Indeed a good portion of the to-p of "Walden's 
Ridge, as well as the whole breadth of the Sequatchee 
valley became a broad road ; for new roads were daily 
rat or laid out, and trains, to avoid impassable places, 
turned to the right and left, until the country for miles 
was marked with wagon tracks. 

As early as the 14th of October, the whole force 
hemmed in at Chattanooga, were reduced to an allow- 
ance of less than half rations of pork, hard tack, sugar 
and coOee, and these vrerethe only articles of diet that 
could bo furnished. Our noble Colonel had directed 



SEIGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 121 

ihe author to buy several boxes of liard Ijreail, before 
rations became so scarce, and tliese lie now ordered is- 
sued to the Regiment; and they not a little helped to 
piece out our scanty allowance. Probably but few men 
of the Regiment ever knew of this generous conduct on 
his part, and we are now most happy to give him pub- 
licly, the credit he so justly deserved. 
But the scarcity of rations was not our only source of 
annoyance. The rebels were constantly sending down 
rafts of logs to break in two our pontoon bridges across 
the river, and thus cut oft' our only avenue of supplies. 
They crossed a largo cavalry force both above and be- 
low the city, and Nvere constantly harassing and at- 
tacking our trains. The weather was now getting 
quite cold, and though no wood had been wasted, wo 
had burned up every loose stick of timber, board and 
log in and about the town, and were gradually 
sweeiwng otf every tree and shrub to, and even beyond 
our picket lines. • 

By the 20th, rations were still more pinched and 
scanty, and often when a wagon train came in from 
.Stevenson, a crowd of soldiers were seen to assemble 
at t-lie storehouse, to pick up every piece of cracker as 
large as a pea, that dropped while the train was being 
unloaded; and to even huld thc'r hats under the end of 
the wagon bed, to catch the still smaller crumbs that 
chanced to fall. Yet did they talk of surrender, or of 
being driven from their works ? i^.t\cr. They were 
resolved to hold the position, and. t^ ■ i ltIi suftering se- 
verely, there was very little repiiiii nbliough Gen. 
i->ragg several times demanded an ii surrender, 

they soouted the proposition, and i. (he idea of 

:is forcing the remnant of the arm} ' Cumber- 

' ind, from Chattanooga. The spirit o urmy was 

-till unbroken, their resolution unshaken, i.^h fam- 
hie was now staring them in the face. 

On the 20thj the news was received that Gm. Grant 



122 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT 

had taken command of the Department, and was al- 
ready at Nashville. This was hailed >vith shouts 
and cheers, long, loud and jubilant. "Gen. Grant al- 
ways has men enough," says one. "He'll hoist Old 
Bragg off of Lookout," adds another. "He'll open a 
road to Bridgeport, and give us full rations," says a 
third hungry soldier ; and little else wa^s thought of or 
talked about during the day. On the same day Gen. 
Rosecrans started for the North, leaving Gen. Thomas 
in command of the beseiged city. 

On the 23d of October, Gen. Grant arrived at Chat- 
tanooga, and trook command of the army. It was now 
evident to all, that unless some energetic movement 
was promptly made within a few days, the place with 
all its forts and immense triple lines of fortifications, 
must fall into the hands of the enemy. Gen. Hooker 
was within seven or eight miles of us ; but the enemy 
were holding a broad, deep river, and a strongly forti- 
fied mountain ridge between his valiant little army, and 
ours first reduced by battle, and since by disease, con_ 
tracted by reason of scant rations, and a total lack of 
vegetable diet. 

o 

Our wagon trains, constantly dragcred throuoih tlW 
deep mud and over mountain ranges, were now com- 
pletely worn our, and hundreds of mules had died all 
along the road to Stevenson. It is said that enough 
were killed upon the circuitous route before mentioned, 
to have made a single line of carcasses touching eacli 
other from Chattanooga to Stevenson, but Ave think this 
estimate quite too large. It is certain, however, that 
our means of bringing forward supplies, was greatly 
lessened and constajitly diminishing — and that the 
army was in imminent danger of being forced from its 
position by starvation, when Gen. Grant arrived. 

The next day our Division, now the 1st, and still 
commanded by Gen. Palmer, received the ©rder to be 
ready to march at 2 o'clock, a. m., on the morning of 



SIE(^E OF CHATT^VNOOGA. 125 

the 25tli, and before dark all the transportation be 
longing to the Division was in readiness to cross tlie 
river as soon as it Avas dark. Rations and ammunition 
were drawn and issued to the men, and all was in readi- 
ness to strike tents and leave Chattanooga, as soon an 
"Revielle" was sounded in the morning. 

Rut before we bade adieu to the beleaguered city, 
the monotony of camp life was broken by the news of 
the Ohio election. We had not been able to get news- 
papers for several days, but this evening tlit-y came, 
i?ontaining almost full returns from the election, in 
whicli every soldier in the Department of the Cumber- 
land had taken an interest ; and showed that Brough 
was elected over Vallandingham, by at least 60,000 
majority. As soon as the news was received a loud, 
long ringing cheer, sounded from one extremity, of 
camp to the other; along the line of fortifications from 
the River above to the River below the City, and cheer 
succeeded cheer for hours ; proving most conclusively 
the depth, ft-rvor and intensity of the joy that 
dwelt in the hearts of all true soldiers. The rebels 
got the idea that we were receiving reinforcements ; but 
we had something better than that — a victory had been 
won — a victory more decisive of the fate of the rebel- 
lion than any achieved upon the bloody battle-field. 
Yes, this election extinguislu'd the last lingering hope 
in the minds of the rebels, that the North was ilivided 
and that they would receive assistance from the North- 
west. The result of this election proved the North to be 
r.o longer a distracted and divided people, but united indis- 
solid)ly for the suppression of the rebellion, by force of 
arms. Hence, the result was of more consequence 
than even the fall of A'icksburg ; its moral efleot a 
hundred foM greater. 



CHAPTER X. 

THfi MARCI.I FROil CHATTANOOfiA TO WHITESIDE— DE- 
SCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE OP LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND 
MISSIONARY EIDCtE. 

At two o'clock, on the morning of October 25th, 
1863, Gen. Pahncr's Division strnck tents, and about 
an hour later commeHiced crossing the Tennessee Riv- 
er, on the Pontoon bridge. We had not the least 
idea where we were going, but the general impression 
was, that a movement was on foot to open communi- 
cation with Gen. Hooker's command. The whole 
Division had crossed the river l)efore daylight, and 
started in a Northwesterly direction towards " the 
Narrows," where a wagon road runs along the bank 
of the river, at the Southern extremity of Waldeii's 
Ridge. Instead of passing down the River on this 
road, we took a road winding up the end of the ridge, 
and began the ascent, which we found steep, and in 
some places quite difficult. About three miles con- 
stant climbing, brought us to the top of the Ridge. 
We were surprised, when nearly half way up the 
mountain, to lind a stream of water, some three rods 
wide, dashing directly down toward the Tennessee 
river, having a fall of not less than three hundred feet 
per mile. The scenery as we came toward the sum- 
mit, was singularly grand, and imposing ; but Momi- 



.MAliClI TO \VIIiTESlDE. Iir, 

taih scenery however romantic and beautiful, ccar^ts 
to attract admiration, when constantly Leheld ; and 
seldom does the soldier burdened by his knapsack, 
musket and accoutrements, give much attention to 
the lovely, grand or beautiful m Nature. 

We marclied but a iew miles in the aftcrnot.in, up- 
on the sunnnit, along a road recently laid and cut 
out through a sceuiingly interminable forest, and went 
into camp about three o'clock P. M. The next morn- 
ing we set forward towards Dunlap, but liuding the 
roads in that direction quite impassible for the artille- 
ry and wagon trains, turjied to the Southward, and 
took the road leading down into Sequatchee valley at 
Anderson's Cross Koads. ^,Vo did not however de- 
scend into the valley, but when we came to the West- 
ern slope of the mountain, turned directly to the left, 
aud passed along the to}* of the ridge, where we could 
look down into the valley, some hfteen hundre<l feet 
below. 

On the 27tli, we had advanced but a few miles, un- 
til we heu'an ^raduallv to descend and linallv i)assed 
<h)wn from the main ridge at "Bob WliiteV — a noted 
>py and scout employed by our Cienerals. Here we 
fjund Co. A. IGth liegt. Ills. Vols, encamped, and 
jiassed a very pleasant hour with some of our towns- 
men. They informed us they had for some weeks, 
been on duty at this outpost, guarding this I'oad up 
tlnj mountain, over which su})plieSj were taken to 
Ciiattanooga. Leaving their camp we crossed a deep 
gulch, then passed over a narrow ridge and descended 
into the Sequatchee valley, where we encamped for 
the night. 

<.>n the 28th, we moved down the valley about ten 
miles, and encamped near Kankin's Ferry, on the 
Tennessee River. Gen. Palmer was about this tinu; 
relieved from the connnand of the 2nd Division, and 



120 lilSTOKY OF THE EEGBIENT. 

•ordered to report to Gen. Thomas at Chattanooga. 
Gen. Grant had placed Gen. Thomas in command of 
the Department, and Gen Thomas selected Gen. 
Palmer to command the 14th corps, which still re- 
mained at Chattanooga. Gen Crnft being the senior 
or ranking officer, took command of the Division ; 
and on the 'following day we moved down the Ten- 
nessee river to Shellmonnd, where a Pontoon Bridge 
had hcen thrown across by the Pioneer Corps, upon 
which our Brigade crossed about dark and soon after- 
wards went into camp. 

^\^e now learned that important movements had 
taken place in the vicinity of Chattanooga, since our 
^leparture. Gen Ha/?en's Brigade of Gen. Wood's 
Division, had on the night of the 29th descended the 
I'iver in pontoon boats, and passing directly beneath 
tlie enemy's ])afteries, on the point of Lookout j\Ioiln- 
tain; had lande^d alx)ut two miles below, and fortilied 
their position on the AVest side of the River, which 
at this point runs nearly due North. Gen. Hooker 
liad for some days been pressing in toward the mouth 
of Lookout Creek, and after failing in a night attack 
to dislodge him, or Gen. Hazen's Brigade from their 
fortiiied positions, the enemy withdrew to their strong 
defences on Lookout Mountain. By this means a di- 
rect road was opened from Gen. Hooker's camp and 
Kelley's ferrv, to Chattanooga. The steamboats, 
y/hich before this time had been lying at Bridgeport, 
now began to run up to Kelley's Ferry with large 
quantities of Commissary Stores, which were transport- 
ed in wagons a distance of only eight miles to Clmtta- 
nooga. Yet by this time, the transportation of the 
army was so completely v/orn out, that it was Vv'ith ex- 
treme difficulty that the troops at Chattanooga were 
supplied with half rations. 

On tlie 30th, the 1st Brigade of our Division was 



IN CAMP AT WiHTKSIDE. 127 

^Liit to liiidgeport, Ala., the 3d Brigade to White- 
>id(!', and the 2iid Brigade went into camp jit 8hell- 
niouiuh at which places they remained during the en- 
suing three months, usually the severest portion ot' a 
Southern winter. Although our Brigade (ikl) marcli- 
to AMiiteside on the 30th of October, it was not until 
the 2nd of November that a permanent Camp was 
laid off, and the men began to put up winteV quar- 
ters. 

Whiteside is a Raiload Station situated on a small 
stream called Falling Waters, which rises in the Kac- 
roon ]Mountains West ot Lookout, and empties into 
the Tennessee. Nearly at the head of this stream 
there is a pass or gap between the mountains, and 
through this the railroad from Bridgeport to Chatta- 
nooga passes ; leaving the Tennessee river a few miles 
above Shellmound; a-nd coming to the bank of the 
river again at the base of Lookout mountain. Near 
AVhitesidc in the midst of the Baccoou mountains, 
the railroad crosses the valley of Falling AVatcrs, and 
here, the rol)els in falling back fro<m Bridge})ort about 
the first of September, had burned the railroad bridge, 
which was nearly three hundred feet long, and one 
hundred and ten feet high in the coder. It wiis 
necessary to rebuild this bridge bef'->re the cars coulil 
run to Wauhatchie, where Ceiv Plooker was still en- 
camped ; and the enemy mfl.^ be dislodged from 
Lookout mountain, before the rjiilroad cauld be put in 
repair, from this camp to Chattanooga. 

As soon as we arrired at "\\ttiit'e?ide, a large force 
of mechanics wime.oH from Nasirhvill*, to wo.'koiithi^ 
high bridge; and our Brigade was stationed about 
half a mile above the bridge at tHe 11. B. Station, to 
guard the pj\»* in the Baecoon mountains, while the 
bridge was reconstructed. As it w<)uid take at leasi 
two months to biuld a tre?tl«-wurk bridge, we were; 



/ 
128 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

assured tliat we should remain in camp, at least long 
enough to pay us well for building good quarters. 
A good camping ground was not to he found in the 
midst of the mountains, yet in the course of a few 
days, four regiments were stationed along the hill- 
side, on the North side of the valley in Tennessee, 
and the remainder on the South side, in the State of 
Georgia. 

The camp of our Regiment w^as on the North side 
near the Railroad Station, and very speedily our en- 
ergetic men set to work building Winter quarters ; 
constructing huts and hous.es of logs, and plank and 
rocks, whicii they generally roofed with shelter tents; 
and as soon as cliimneys were built, in each "shebang," 
as a shanty w^as commonly c ailed ; Ave were prepared 
to live quite comforttibly. All the ^lollows or passes 
leading into the one in which Whiteside is located; ex- 
cept the one through whi'ch the road passes to Wa?i- 
hatclic, were now l)loekaded by falling the heavy 
growth of timber along the sides of eacli, and soon 
heavy details were set to work on fortiiications. 

About the 10th of Novenber, the cars began to run 
to the bridge near Whiteside, IVom Bridgeport, and 
from this timCj we had abundance of all kinds of sup-- 
]>lies. Besides the unremitted work on the fortiiica- ' 
tions, oua* Regiment was frequently detailed to guard 
wagoti trains across to, Gen. Hooker's lines, and while 
thus enjoying good Winter quarters, the men were ul- 
moipt constantly on dutj'. 

On the lUth of No veraber* a. Division of Gen. Sher- 
man's Corps jiassed Whiteside, going towards- Chat- 
tanooga, in which were the SQtli Regt. Ills. Vols., 
and loth Regt. Ho. Vols.; and in those Regiments 
many of our men found a score of old friends and ac- 
quaintences. The same evening, we had orders to be 
ready to march on the following morniug, and not a 



IN CAMi^ ATAVJirrKSlDK. 120 

little p;iMiml)Hn<T was there tlir<)ii«4li(>iit our cain]>, 
tli:it we Hiliould be so soon sent from our couilbrtablc 
Juits aud shanties. But morning came, and uith it 
no oi-ders to Ijreak up cam]>; but all that day and 
the next, Gen. Sherman's army was passing, and from 
tliom wo learned, that (Jen. fSherman had ]>romisod 
tliem a "light or a footrace," before the 2.jth of tlie 
month. They had marched directly across tlie coun- 
tiy from the ;^Iississippi liivcr, subsisting mainly uj)on 
the foi'age it afforded, and M'crc in line health and 
coiidition for an engagement. 

On tlie morning of the 2;-5d we received four months 
]>ay. and within an hour afterwards having received 
oi'ders, were moving towards Chattanooga; together 
witli the 2d Brigade which had the evening before 
C"me up from Shelhnound. ]?efore setting out on 
tlii> expedition, all of each lleginient who were sick or 
unaljle to travel, were directed to remain in camp and 
]>i-eserve it uninjured ; one Regiment was left to guard 
the wliole Brigade Camp ; and from the^e arrange- 
ments we felt confident, tliat within a short time we 
sliould we allowed to return to our good quarters, on 
the Southern side of 3Iount ^'Etna. 

We marched that evening to the camp recently oc- 
cupied by the 11th Corps, which M-e found had Avith- 
in day (* two been ordered into Chattanooga. All 
day we had heard heavy cannonading, at and appar- 
eurly beyond Chattanooga ; and now learned that 
<io;i. Sherman, instead of sto]>ping at Chattanooga, 
bail passed up on the North side of the river and was 
ni«\v attacking the enemy at the Northern extremity of 
■\li>>ionary Ridge. It was after dark ])eforc we went 
into camp, and the ]>opition of the enemy upon Look- 
out mountain,. could be plainly seen from where we lay; 
uid from the area covered with camp liies, there was 
e\ idently only two or three Brigades liolding this al- 
most impregnable position. 



13^) HISTOHY OF THE REGlMEiST. 

Tlic nioniiug of November 24th, 1 8fiH, was damp^ 
foggy and dismal. As soon as it was fairly lii^lit, our 
Brigade moved directly towards the base of Lookout 
iiountain ; and the' 2nd Brigade, being temporar^: • 
attached to Gen. (Jeary's Division of the 12th Corp 
with Gen. Osterhans, Division Of the Gen. Slierma,- 
army, moved about three miles to the Southward, 
and there succeeded in crossing Lookout Creek, vvhich 
runs nearly paralel with the ridge and almost at its 
Western base. Having crossed, they began slowly to 
advance up the mountain, at the same time marching 
towards the nose or* Northern extremity, instead of 
directly towards the summit. This threw the right 
v.-ing of the advacing line much higher up the moun- 
tani the left, where our Regiment was stationed. By 
the time the main force was ready to begin the as- 
sault, our Regiment had with no little difliculty wade ! 
the creek, (a rapid stream with steep leanks, and no\,' 
fully four feet deep,) and drove the enemy from their 
skirmish pits, in the open field upon the opposite side. 
The fog now cleared away, and the heavy batteri^ 
stationed on strongly fortified ridges West of Look- 
out Creek, began to play upon the enemy's lines, nuw 
in full view, and confronting our advancing columns. 

We know not how it may liave been with general 
ofticers, but up to this time the rank and file of the 
army, at least in our Division, had scarcely imagined 
that Gen. Hooker would attempt to take Lookout 
Mountain, itself almost inaccessible, and nowstrongJy 
fortified, by storm. All tliought it was a )novement 
to divert attention from Gen Sherman. But now the- 
order to charge was given, and slowly yet steadily 
the assailing lines of battle swept up the rugged 
mountain, driving before them the enemy's heavy 
line of skirmishers, which gradually fell back «pon 
the main line of battle : while our twenty pomnd 



lUTTLE OF LOOKOUT 31oL'.\TAIX. mi 

Parrots were incessantly throwing eliells into the \ ci-v 
inid^t of tlio wavering enemy, so that tliey weic 
t'orecd to give way as our nnbruken, irreptitious line 
advanced. Every nioiiient now, the liring became 
more rapid, for while the charging line was rapidly 
nearing the summit, the enemy were rapidly bringing 
into action their entire ellective force. Every bat- 
tery that could be made to bear upon the enemy, was 
now each moment hurling amongst them, rapid 
rounds of terror-inspiring shells; and when our forces, 
having surmounted the very steep and rocky portion 
of the mountain, we*'e nearly half way up to the sum- 
mit and rapidly nearing tlie bench, or le^» preciptious 
portion, below the tower or extreme Northern peak, the 
enemy's line suddenly gave way, and fell baelc in the 
•greatest possible confusion. Our men went forward 
'.vith a cheer, and in a few minute* took hundj-eds of 
>Tisi>iiers, and drove the rebels in a .mass along th« 
iiorthern slope of tlie mountain. ^ . 

At this moment the prospect, which to the specta- 
tor upon the fortrtietl riJge directly opposite, and 
wheiv the b;Uteries were statJoiie<l, had been <jn€ (if 
the most grand and imposing that can be concwived. 
wart suddenly obscured. A deu.se cloud envel<r|j«<l 
the side of the mountain, and though tlje snuimit wa? 
in full view above the cluml, th« faric^usly «ontendin»- 
forcosupon the Northern 3l«3po were entirely liiddo. 
The incessant cliitter and rattle of musketry ttill con- 
tinued, but no one, save those in the very mi(kt of 
the deadly conflict, could declare how it w*8 gwing, 
or who would prove triumphant. When shut out 
from view, our Divisions were sweeping nil l)eftwe 
tiiem and the enemy a]>pearcd to be in djjtorder, 
•on fused, demorali/.ed and oji full retreat. AVerd 
hey still retreating or had they been i-einfwced '? 
Wei'e our men reallv victowuus or lia«i tl)«"'v o*iIt 



132 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

gained a temporaiy advantage, while the enemy had 
not been able to bring his whole force into action ? — 
Not long were we (spectators) Jeft in suspense. The 
rain began to fall, and the clouds settled down, until 
the field where the battle had been raging half an 
hour before was in full view ; and our forces had full 
possession of it, having driven the enemy back entirely 
around the Northern slope of the mountain. 

Soon a long column of prisoners began to come 
across the Creek, and we learned that the day was 
ours ; that the enemy were still holding a part of tlie 
opposite side of the mountain, but must give way, as 
soon as our forces had rested and were prepared for 
another charge. 

The men were so completely exhausted by the 
charge up the mountain, that having securied a strong 
position. Gen. Hooker wisely determined to rest un- 
til morning. Nor is it at all surprising that the charg- 
ing forces were exhausted. They had rapidly fought 
their way for two miles, up the mountain side, not 
only steep, and full of gulches and ravines; but cov- 
ered with huge rocks, tumbled down in desultory 
masses, with every space filled with . underbrush, 
dwarfed and gnarled until almost impenetrable. 
The traveler who in future years may be visiting 
famous battlefields, may possibly attempt to climb 
this rugged ascent, unencumbered l>y gun, cartridge- 
box or accouterments; but he will find ere he progres- 
ses half way from Lookout Creek, to the open held, 
on tlie bench below the tower, that his limbs are 
growing weary;and that only a vigorous man. can sur- 
mount the ol)stacles constantly met with, on every 
rod of the mountain side. Truly this charge was one 
of the most wonderful on record, and perhaps no oth- 
er General than Hooker, in the whole Union army, 
would have had the hardihood to order it. But it 



SIEGE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 133 

proved a success, and was one of the most stupend- 
ous, and at the same time, most brilliant achievements 
of our army during the war. 

The loss in making the grand charge was veiy light 
indeed, amounting to less than two hundred killed 
and wounded, in the whole assaulting force of three 
Divisions. Our llegiment being upon the extreme 
left wing met with the greatest difficulty in crossing 
the creek under a heavy iire, at the a cry opening of 
the engagement ; and at that point we had three men 
wounded, which was our only loss during the day. 
In ascending the mountain, our Ivcgiment was ex- 
tremely fortunate in being near the main Avagon-road, 
and hence wliere they could ascend without serious 
im]>ediment. When the enemy^s main line give way, 
our Kegiment swung rapidly round to the left, and in 
less than half an hour took more prisoners, than wu 
had men engaged ; and Gen. Hooker noticing the 
ichicvcment, upon the spot bestowed his warmest 
praises and commendation upon the officers and men 
of the Ecgiment. 

It is remarkable tliat three Divisions, which had 
never before belonged to the same aniiy, or fought in 
the tiame Department, were coml)ined to make this 
exti;aoruinary and famous chiirge. Gen. Osterhaus' 
Division belonged to the Army of the 3lississip]>i, and 
recently from Vicksburg ; Gen. Geary's Division be- 
o]!;jiiiu 1 the 12tli Corps, and was recently from the 
1' icniiic; and the two brigades of the 1st Division 
Corps, hnd lopg been a part of the Army of the 
' • tliey reser\'c Divisions, tlu'own 

_ . ^ . of the moment because availa- 

ble? Ur was it a deliberate design on the pai-t of 
(.'en. Grant, by bringing together three Divisions 
[from armies heretofore widely separated, to excite an 
emulation or spiiit of rivalry that would make each 



134 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

determined iic^to be surpassed, and the whole daunt- 
less and irresistable ? 

On the morning of the 25th of November, just as 
the sun ^^ias rising, the Star Spangled Banner floated 
out proudly to the breeze, from the towering summit 
of Lookout Mountain. The enemy had in the latter 
part of the night withdrawn from the Eastern slope 
of Lookout Mountain, and also Chattanooga valley, 
and soon after daylight our Regiment was upon the 
skirmish line of the army under Gen Hooher, ad- 
vancing toward RossviUe. The enemy had evidently 
retreated in great haste, for they not only abandoned 
a large quantity of Stores at the foot of the moun- 
tain, but strewed the road for several miles with for- 
age, and other cumbersome articles of Camp and 
Garison Equipage. We found the valley of Chatta- 
nooga creek, between Lookout Mountain ank ]\Iission- 
ary Ridge entirely deserted except % a hui^ed or 
more of the enemy's conscripts, who had tami this 
opportunity to desert ; and now came out from their 
hiding places, and welcomed our advancing line. At 
Chattanooga Creek, the retreating enemy had halted 
long enough to destroy the bridges, and here General 
Hooker was compelled to stop with his command, un- 
til a temporary bridge could be constructed for his 
artillery and ammunition trains to cross upon. 

While Lookout Mountain was being charged, ta- 
ken ang occupied, the remainder of the army had not 
been idle. Gen. Sherman was pressing the enemy 
heavily upon the north end of Missionary Ridge, and ' 
Gen. Thomas' army had advanced nearly half-way 
from the fortifications of Chattanooga to the foot of 
the ridge ; and now while Geu. Hooker was waiting 
to cross Chattanooga Creek, the battle was raging fu- 
riously on the Northern portion of Missionary Ridge, 
where Gen. Sherman was making but slov/ progress, 



SIECJE OF LOOiCOUT MOU.\TAIX. l;;5 

V 

iiavini;- the !)ulk ofCTCii. Brugg's army to t»p])ose Lini. 
About thi^>e o'clock the bridge across Cluittanougu 
Creek being completed, the ArtQlerv begau to crobe;, 
and (ren. Osterliaus' Division speedily advanced 
through the gap at Rossville, followed by a part of 
the l"Jth Corps, and the 1st Diuision ol the 4th Corj's , 
Avhidi on reaching llossville inmiediately ascended 
theTtidge, to strike the enemys left flank while the 
other Divisions struck them further in the rear. But 
about the time lieu. Hooker's command were crossing 
Chattanooga Creek, to take the positions above indi- 
cated, Uen. Crranthad ordered the charge on the ene- 
my's center ; and the 14th Corjis -with Wood's and 
►Sheridan's Divisions ot the 4th Coi-ps made the cele- 
liaated and deservedly lamons charge up the ridge, 
driving the enemy in confusion before them. ISo,- 
Avhen oui- Division reached the to}> of the ridge and 
advanced to thej Northward, Cien. Thomas' com- 
mand were just reaching the sununit from the front, 
and Cen. Sherman wjis slowly forcing the enemy 
back from the Northern extremity : and thus assailed 
simultaneously on three sides, by forces that seemed 
determined to overcome every obstacle that nature 
or military art and prowess could place in their way ; 
the enemy being thrown into the greatest confusitui 
and dismay, began hastily to retreat, and descend the 
ridge to the Eastward. 

So rapid had been the movements of our forces, 
that thousands were unable to escape the victorious 
columns closing in around them, and were taken pris- 
oners. Almost all the artillery which the enemy had 
on the whole Ridge Avas captured, as well as a large 
amount of Military Stores : and could our army have 
had a few more hours of daylight : could Cicn. CJrant 
like Joshua of old, have checked or retarded night- 
fall, a far greater number of prisoners would have 



136 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

been secured, and the victory, tlioilgb not any mor. 
'decisive, would have been more complete aad ruinou 
to the enemy. But flight came on in the hour ( 
victory, and the pursuit was necessarily discontinued. 

The niglit was cold, clear and beautiful, for the 
moon was high in the heavens, and the frost sparkle ■ 
upon the fallen leaves, and decorated each tree^n 
shrub upon the lofty enimence where our victorioii 
army was reposing; and where thousands of wear , 
soldiers around huge camp fires, were endeavoring t 
obtain a few hours necessary rest and sleep. • Afte. 
midnight, the heavily loaded supply trains, with grea 
difficulty ascended the ridge, rations were issued, 
and vrhen the first strea.k of daylight appeared in the 
East, Reveille was sounded, and all were speedily in 
readiness to follow up the . hard-earned victory aui- 
drive the enemy from any position he had chose 
during the night. Early in the morning the pursui 
was commenced, but the enemy had moved so rapidly 
during the night, that it was not until late in the ai- 
ternoon, that our advance began to overtake thcni. 
A few prisoners, and several pieces of artillery v/erc 
-ecured, and our army bivouacked at night along th 
lianks of the South Chickamauga, liearly in front ol 
Taylor's Gap in the Pifeon I^Ionntains, near Ein^' 
.old. 

On the 28th, the ene;.... ....... o.._\._^...^..; ^ 

were driven from Ringgold, and a large quantity oi' 
forage was captured, Late in the evening they wei'c 
'lislodged from astrong position at Taylor's Ga]), ami 
driven back towards Tunnel Hill and Dalton. 

Gen Grant now ordered the railroad from Ring- 

. >ld, back toward Chattanooga deste'oyed; and on the 

iO 29t]i and 30th, a large portion of our army was 

!iiig the ties and burning them, and bending the 
that it could not be again laid down, amtil re- 



SIEGE OF LOOKOUT MOUNT.\IN 137 

rulled and straightened. As soon as this -work of 
destruct on ^as completed, most of oui* foir(s f>ll- 
back to Chattanooga, and that vicinity. 

On the 29th, our Brigade started back to AViiiiL.^iu.; 

'. the battle-field of Chickamauga, where it was said 
n;any of our brave men, who fell on the lUth and 20th 
of September, were still lying unburied ; and it was 

V our radt^choly task, to halt there and give their 

Mcs a decent and honorable burial. We found on 

•^;hing the field where so many thousand had fallen, 
rue field of such fearful carnage and terrific slaughter, 
that the enemy had not entirely neglected their duty, 
to the unnumbered dead, that they had done far better 
'!ian was currently reported. Their own dead we found 

• been collected, and decently interred, and rough 
.'jodcn head-boards marked the graves of thousands. 
The dead of our army had received much less attention, 
^t was evident they had been dragged into heaps, and 
logs, brush and stones, or a small quantity of dirt 
thrown upon them. A few skeletons were found above 
ground, and portions of a human frame were in some 
places scattered around in the gloomy forest, showing 
that here and there, one of our br:ive and noble com- 
rades had perished and had been left uncovered, save by 
the falling Autumn leaves. 

The 2ud of December Avas devoted to the collection 
and burial of these remains, and in throwing up mounds 
of earth, where the rebels had piled in heaps our la- 
mented and unnumbered dead. It was at this late day 
impossible to ascertain who had been placed in these 
awful heaps, for all the bochcs were considerably decom- 
posed,aud many were now almost entirely decayed,so that 
the remnants of their blue CLOxniKG, alone identified 
them, as the remains of men who had died for their 
country. Alas ! that a mere fragment of a woolen 
coat, a shred of clothing, should bo all that was left to 
commemorate the last resting place of a martyred pa- 



Vd8 HISTORY OF THE REGI3iIENT 

triot ! Ere our Brigade finished their labor upon thi 
awful scene of carnage and bloodshed,%very Union 
soldier's remains that could be identified, vras decently 
interred, and each grave or mound containing a heap of 
!■ lain, was marked by some monumental board, stake or 
; tone, by which it could for Jl/fears be distinguished. 

Having completed this melancholy task on the 2n<^., 
on the morningjOf the 3rd of December, our Brigau 
started for the old camp at Whiteside, where it arrive- 1 
ai)out four o'clock p. m. the next day. The men wert 
all very much fatigued, and some greatly exhauste ■ 
by the hard marching, and severe labor they had ei- 
dured: but as a great victory had been achieved, all wer^ 
in the finest spirits, full of mirth and jocularity. Wc 
liad three men wounded in carrying Lookout Mountain, 
and one near Ringgold, all of whom subsequently re- 
covered, and these were the only casualties of the en- 
tire expedition. In this respect, we were among the 
most fortunate of the Regiments, who took part in the 
memorable battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission 
ary Ridge. 

The fruits of this victory were almost inestimabu 
Nearly seven thousand prisoners were taken, sixty-fivo 
pieces of artillery, and a large quantity of stores of all 
kinds were captured ; the rebel army was demoralized 
and driven back, and the possession of Lookout moun- 
tain being now recovered ; as soon as the high bridge 
near Whiteside could be completed. Railroad commnni- 
cation could be established between Nashville and Chat- 
tanoo[';,f-. 

()nfc; unpleasant incident in connection with the charge 
up Lookout Mountain, we were compelled to record in 
closing this chapter. Our Sergeant Major, who had 
been wounded at Chickamauga, and had returned k> the 
Regiment only a day or two before it set out on this 
expedition ; still weak from the effect of his wound: 
was 'seized with a chill when wading- the creek as the 



SIEGE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 139 

fight commcnccil, and hastily made his ^vay to the rear, 
by his conduct giving strong indications of cowardice. 
But this probably would have been excused, had lie 
made any attempt to rejoin the Regiment the following 
driy, or even before the fight was over ; failing to do 
so however, he was reduced to the ranks, without trial 
by court martial, as soon as the Regiment returned to 
camp. 




CHAPTER XI. 

CAJIP AT WHITESIDE — :\IARCH TO CHARLESTON, vfeCv 

Having returned to ciimp at Whiteside on Wednes- 
day, Dec, 4th, after the arduous and successful expe- 
dition to Ringgold via Lookout Mountain and Mission- 
ary Ridge, the remainder of the week was devoted b}^ 
our Regiment, and probably by the whole Brigade, to 
rest and recreation ; and while the men were recover- 
ing fi'om the fatigue of the battle and march, the al- 
most innumerable incidents that transpire during the 
din, turmoil and excitement of an engagement; the 
personal adventures and experience of each officer and 
man were recounted, and stories of personal dariiVg or 
courage in the recent achievements, v/ere told over and 
over, by those vfho had endured the toils, and been ex- 
posed to the dangers of the recent very brief campaign. 
Could the host of personal adventures, that are met 
with by the individual members of a Regiment durin:i,' 
each battle, as they are related after each action is 
ended, be written out, many an interesting volume 
would have been prepared during the war ; but scarcely 
one out of a thousand ever gets into print, and each 
soldier who survives and returns to his home and kin- 
dred; will no doubt, by the Winter fireside as age creeps 
on, indulge in the luxury of relating what he endured and 



CAMP AT WHITESIDE. 141 

'.vitncsscJ, "live o'er the past, and fight his battles 
o'er." 

On Saturday of tliis week, the llcv. Mr. Chase, of 
Macomb, 111., visited our camp, and was cordially wel- 
comed by many friends in our Regiment. lie "was on 
his way to Chattanooga, to act as the Sanitary agent 
of our State at that place. On Sunday he consented 
to prcacli in our camp, and delivered a very able and 
interesting address, which was listened to with profound 
attention by all. Preaching was rather an unusual oc- 
currence in our Regimental camp, for we had a Chap- 
lain with us but a very small porti(m of the time we 
were in service. Indeed months have passed when 
Sunday, like other busy days glided by unnoticed, the 
diities of the day being the same as usual, and scarcely 
half the men remembered or reflected what day of the 
Aveek it was, until it was ended. It was a very com- 
mon expression, "there's no Sunday in thearqiy," and 
military afi^iirs are very generally carried on as if this 
christian institution, had in time of war, no actual ex- 
istence. 

Soon we began to have interesting news from the 
vicinity of Knoxville, and within a few days learned 
that Gen. Burnside had been able to hold the place, 
though Gen. Longstreet had attempted with a vastly 
superior force to take it liy assault. Longstreet was 
now said to be falling back towards the Virginia line, 
and we WGji'e satisfied from numberless reports, th .t thf* 
Winter campaign in Ea^t Tennessee was enilcd. 

As soon lis the men had fully recovered froia i..^ 
fatigue of the march ami battle, heavy details were or- 
<lered to put in repair the w;igon road through the Gap 
towards Lookout valley, and for about ten days this 
work was 's^gorously prcsecuted. This road was now 
in constant use, for a considerable portion of the suj)- 
plies required at Chattanoosa, were transported in wa- 
gons from the tempq^avy ilepot, below tjje bridge in 



142 HISTOEY OF THE KEGIMENT. 

process of construction near Whiteside. The work on 
this remarkably high bridge, had been constantly con- 
tinued since the first of November, but seemed to be pro- 
gressing very slowly. The piers which had formerly 
supported the structure were built of hewn blocks of 
magnesian limestone, commonly called Cement Stone, 
and since the bridge was burned had been slakeing and 
crumbling off, so that they were almost worthless. — 
The bridge, it was said by the inhabitants of the vicin- 
age, had been condemned as unsafe, nearly two years 
before the rebels burned it, and the one now being con- 
structed certainlji promised to be unsafe from the mo- 
ment it was finished. It seemed hardly possible that 
so many successive tiers of trestlework, placed one upon 
another, could sustain the immense weight of an ordi- 
nary train of loaded cars ; but the mechanics employed 
upon the job were confident that it would sustain any 
}<fd that could be placed upon it. Quite a number of 
ifien from our Regiment, constantly found employment 
at the bridge, when not on ordinary duty. 

Before the middle of December, there was great ex- 
citement throughout our Brigade camp on the subject 
of re-enlistment as veterans; and the older Eegiments 
very generally accepted the heavy Bounty and thirty 
days furlough offered, and were mustered in for three 
years more. ]f our Kegiment had at that time been 
able to do so, we believe that about three-fourths of 
the men would have become veterans ; but we had not 
yet been long enough in the service to be received as 
such. 

About this time quite a large number of the Regi- 
ment, sent in applications for furloughs, and toward the 
close of the month three or four men per week, having 
had the good fortune to receive the rare favor, stavtcd 
for home. Times now became exceedingly dull in camp, 
for although we were at the terminus of the Railroad 
from Nashville, very few newspapers were brouglit 



CAMP AT WlllTESlDK. 143 

ihrougli, and there was an incessant demand for "souie- 
tliing to read." Scores of novels in some way reached 
camp, but they were of the poorest possible quality : 
such as Lives of noted Highwaymen, of Pirates and 
other desperadoes, with here and there a romance of 
Revolutionary times. Yet such as they were, they wen^ 
read by all with the utmost avidity, and men who were 
never known to read anything so trivial at home, often 
became the most constant and insatiable devourers of 
trashy literature. Some growing tired of this diver- 
sion, resorted to whittling, and made pipes, rings, etc., 
etc., of the fine red-laurel roots that grew in great 
abundance on the mountain sides. Others of less me- 
chanical skill and ingenuity, passed most of their leis- 
ure hours at cards and chess ; and we are proud to stato 
chat although cards weiifi played almost every daiy for 
months, by the officers as well as uien ; yet gambling 
was unknown in the Regiment. CoK Waters had strict- 
ly forbidden it during the firet few months we were in 
service, and ever continued rigidly to enforce the salu- 
tary prohibition. 

About the 2Uth of December, Gen. Sherman's com- 
mand, which had gone towards Knoxville to the relief 
of Gen. Burnside as soon as the battle of Missionary 
Ridge was ended, began to puss by our camp on tlieir 
way to Iluntsville, Ala. These troops had suflered 
severely from inclement weather, and having to subsist 
mainly by foraging upon a country which the enemy 
had very recently passed through, an<l which some time 
before that had been extensively foraged upon by our 
c ivalry, they were during most of the trip on very 
scant rations. ''Hard tack" which they had oftm 
thought the meanest kind of bread ever manufactured, 
they were now very anxious to obtain, considering it 
ically a luxury. .Some passed our camp so hungry, 
rhat they oflered to pay twenty-five cents, a piece for 
common army crackers, but only one or two men in 



144 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT, 

our whole Regiment were so penurious and selfish as to 
sell to them ; nearly all gave what they had to spare, 
and some were so generous as to give all they hae!, 
knowing that they would not suffer, while in camp. 

About Christmas quite a large number of barrels of 
onions, pickles and sour kraut ; and boxes containinL^ 
dried beef, bifttter, preserves, etc., etc., were received by 
members of our Regiment from home. We trust that 
our friends at home were at all times ready and anx- 
ious to do all in their power for us, but they never will 
Be able to realize, how thankfully such favors as those? 
above m.entioned were received. 

A])out the 1st of January, the weather set in very 
cold, and although our camp was situated on the South- 
ern slope ©f the mountain and was consequently shelter- 
ed from the North and Northwest winds, it was barely 
possible for a few days, to keep comfortably v/arm 
around good fires'in our snug little shanties ; and for 
several nights our unusually large supply of blankets, 
was found insufficient to exclude the piercing cold of 
the Winter nights. But this severe weather lasted only 
a few days, ?..nd AVas folbwed by several days rain, in- 
deed by successive storms, of cold chilling rain and 
'&leet, until about the middle of the montlu 

On the 1st of January, co. B was sent about two 
miles down the hoHow, to guard the coal mines which 
Were beginning to be reropened and worked, and en- 
camped at what was known as "Possum Tail Hollow," 
of" "Piizcn Hollow." Every hollow or mpuntain pass 
in this vicinity is furnished with a name, and this one 
hatPi, no doubt deservedly received a double portion. 

<:)ii the 2nd, the 16th Regiment 111, Vols., passed 
our oamp, on their way towards home, having re-enlist- 
ed; as veterans. We had many friends in their ranks, 
and wished them a joyful season in. "God's country," 
as we were accustomed to call the portion of the Unit- 
ed States North of the Ohio river. We had seen m.any 



aUU^ AT WHITESIDE. 14.> 

veterans going homeward, and Lud of'ien wished that 
we could enjoy the pleasure of going with them ; yet 
when they hcgan, a few weeks later to return, we noticed 
tliey generally came with long faces, with indications of 
rtjgrct on many countenances. The transient season 
of enjoyment hehig now ended, they hegan seriously to 
reflect upon the long continuing contract they had, un- 
der excitement entered into, and not a few did we see 
who regretted their hasty resolution to re-enlist . for 
three years. We refer especially to the Regiments of 
our own Brigade, who hecamc vctcTans, not to the 16th 
Regt. III. Vols., which we did not again meet with for 
scverij months. 

On the 14lh of January, the great bridge near 
Vvluteside was completed, and a train crossed upon it. 
It is probably one of the highest trestle-work bridges 
ever constructed, and though built of strong timbers, 
wo could but think tbcm quite too light and small for a 
structure of sucIj great height, intended to sustain the 
burden of heavily freighted Railroad trains. The 
\mc evening that the train crossed the bridge, it passed 
on up the road and reai^hcd Chattanooga in safet}\ 
This was the first train of cars that had run into the 
place since ayc took possession early in September, 18G3, 
and great was the rejoicing throughout the army there 
stationed. More than three months they had been upon 
half, or less than half rations, but now the Railroad 
was open to Nashville, and they were confident of hav- 
ig an abundance as long as they remained. 

Early in January, wc were again set to work cut- 
ting Railroad tics, the Brigade being required to fur- 
vish several thousand; ami though some of the men 

ore inclined to grumble because they were constant- 
ly employed, we are forced to believe, the unremit- 
ted labor of this winter, on roads, ties and fortifica- 
tions, war; a substantial benefit ; for on the 20th of 
.T•uln.n•^ 1 ^H-i m-mI fVo- ^oycral days thereafter, we 



146 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

liad not a sick nuiii in the whole Regiment. The 
crowd with pale and haggard countenances, and de- 
bilitated frames, had ceased to assemble at the Snr- 
geons quarters, when "sick call" was sounded each 
morning. 

.Vbout the 20tli. the weather began to be very mild 
and pleasant, the rainy season seemed to be tinally 
ended, the roads became dry and solid, and soon 
there were a score of rumors afloat in regard to army 
movements. The work on fortifications near White- 
side, however still contmued, and rifle-pits were dug 
all along the sides of the moimtain, wherever Colonel 
Grose could imagine they would be serviceable, and 
his imagination in this respect, many thought peculi- 
arly active and bouyant 

On the 26th we received the order to march at 6 
o'clock a. m. the following morning, and most of the 
Regiment will long remember the amusements of the 
evening, and especially the rare frolic and fun at "Dr. 
]\IcDills Ball." During our stay in Winter eamp at 
Whiteside, quite a number of the "gay and festive" 
boys of the Brigade, had become acquainted with the 
ladies, (a misnomer) living in the country, for several 
.miles around ; and almost every week had the pleas- 
ure, (it is to be presumed they so regarded it,) of 
meeting with them at dancing parties. We cannot 
truthfully bestow a word of commendation-, or speak 
in the least degree complimentary of the fair sex in 
this portion of the South ; that is, at the coal mines 
of mount Etna, and in the vicinity of Whitdside; for 
very few of them did we see dressed with taste; and 
any degree of education, refinement and gentility, of 
manner were quite unknown. Yet some of thesefair 
one?, unattractive as they were to most Northern men, 
were long remembered by some members of our Brig- 
ade, perhaps remembered in liours of pain, regret and 
sorrow. 



CAMP AT WHITESIDE. 1-17 

Ou tlic -7 til day ol Janiuuy, li^^-L wo marchci 
from Whiteside t^ the foot of LooRout Mountaiii, 
ami cn(.Mn4)e(l ou a portion of the battle-Held, u;i 
Nov. 24tli, 1863, The weather was warm and plea?;- 
ant, and had it not been that the men were overload- 
ed with blankets, sheltcr-teuts etc., all wo>iId have 
found it more agreeable, marching than lying in 
(•:imp. As it was, they were quite tired before they 
wLi'e ten miles on the way, and talked strongly of 
throwing away their heavy burdens before we halted. 

On the 28th we crossed over the "nose" of the 
mountain, and encamped near the mouth of Chatta- 
nooga Creek, between Lookout Mountain and Chatta- 
nooga. The road over this portion of the mount:ii:i 
we found most excellent. 3Iore than a Kegiment had 
!)een at work upon it since the tirst of December, and 
it was now nearly macadamized. Towards cveniuir, 
tUe 2d Brigade of our Division came up from Shcll- 
jnound, and encamped near us, and it was now cur- 
rently believed that we were going to the vicinity of 
Ivjioxville, to join the 2nd and 3d Divisions of the 
4th Corps. 

On the morning of the 29t!i of January, two Regi- 
ments, (the o9th Ills, and 77th Pa. Vols.,) of cair 
Brigade, started ti»r home, having re-enlisted as veter- 
ans. The men of the oUth Ills, who did not re-en- 
list weiic attached to the 75th Ills., and the non-vet- 
erans of the 77th Regt. Pa. Vols, were, by their own re- 
(jucst, attached to our Regitnent. As company A ami 
B, were at this time the smallest in the RLgimeut. 
they were asigned to them, am! remained with iis un- 
•til about the tirst of April. At ten o^clock the same 
day we marched, ]xissing directly through Chattanoo- 
ga, which we noticed had im|»rovcd not a httlc since 
we left it in October* There were ]»rol)ably but a 
few himdi-ed citizens even now in the place, and these 



148 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

were doing nothing in the way of improvement ; they 
were poor people from the surronnding country, wjic» 
came in to work and be furnished with Government 
rations; but several large warehouses had bjeen erect- 
ed by the military authorities, and temporary houses 
were being built for the accommodation of mechanics 
and government employees, so that the town present- 
ed quite a thriving appearance. 

From Chattanooga we moved nearly East acro^ 
the valley, and ascended Missionary Ridge at the 
point where our forces made the famous charge upon 
the enemy's center, on the 25th of November, 1863. 
Crossing directly over "this ridge, we advanced nearly 
Eastward and crossed the Chickamauga, near a Rail- 
road Station of the same name ; and at dusk encamp- 
ed within two miles of Tyner's Station, on the Rail- 
road from Chattanooga to Knoxville. We remained 
in this camp until the 3d of February, and were mean- 
while, procuring a good supply of clothing, and Com- 
missary stores from Chattanooga. During this time 
we frequently heard cannonading in the direction of 
Ringgold, and learned that Gen. Palmer ^vas making 
a reconnoisance in that direction, to ascertain if the 
rebel army was withdrawn, as had been reported. 

On the morning of February 2d, our Brigade start- 
ed for Charleston, Tenn., as escort for a train of about 
forty wagons, containing the tools, clothing, tentage, 
etc., of about two hundred mechanics, who were go- 
ing to that point, to build a- Railroad bridge across 
the Hiawassa River. There were no troops at this 
time, stationed between Charleston and Chattanooga; 
and as the enemy were lying in heavy force in the- 
vicinity of Dalton, a strong guard was required to in- 
sure the safety of the mechanics, and their necessar}' 
iinplements, on the route. 

The weather was pleasant, and almost Spring-like, 



:\IARCn TO CIIARLESON. 149 

and as soon as we passed Tyncr's Station, wc came 
into a somewhat broken country, and found the road.- 
in very good condition. East of the Tennessee Riv- 
er, there is a succession of liigh ridges from one to 
three miles apart, and running nearly parallel witli 
each other, and the river ; and instead of finding 
streams running hetwccn these low mountains, in thu 
same direction, we noticed that the water-courses 
generally ran nearly at rights angles with the ridges, 
})assing through them at nan'ow gaps or passes. liotli 
the railroad and wagon road pass through these gaps, 
and in our line of march, we necessarily crossed tlic 
Railroad several times during the day. Another pe- 
culiarity of this country we would notice in passing. 
In all the ridges East of the Tennessee River, the 
the rocks instead of l^'ing in horizontal strata, as is 
inraon in the main chains of the Cumberland ]\Ioun- 
ins, and the Northern States are iu strata inclined 
' the Southeast, at an angle of from tliirty to forty- 
. e degrees. So, near the to]) of these ridges, it is 
't uncommon to see a steep wall of rocks, as it were 
standing upon the edge. The inhabitants in this 
section of country, gave many indications of loyalty 
as we passed along, and came out to welaomc us at 
almost every house. 

We marched during the day about twelve or four- 

t cen miles, passing the town of Ooltewah, and through 

A\'hite-oak Ridge, and other ridges, the names of 

i" which we did not learn, ancl encamped at night 

ithin eight or nine miles of Cleveland. Starting 

he next morning at daylight, we passed through 

ieveland about noon, and turning to the Eastward 

' '\n* or five miles, came to the road leading from Daltou 

) Charleston, known as the ''old Federal road;" and 

.ere most of our Brigade halted for the night, but 

'uv Regiment and the 30th Ind. Vols., marched on 



150 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

M-itli the "Bridge builders' train" to Charleston; 
-svliicli is a small town on the Hiawassa River. The 
night ^^'as cold and chilly, and as "we were encamped 
on a hill East of the town, w^e found it necessary to 
keep up iires all night to be comfortable. 

Col. Long's Cavalry Brigade was encamped on the 
North side of the River, and had in their charo-e 
about a hundred deserters from the rebel army, who 
were very anxious to go North ; so the next morning 
they were placed in charge of Col. Waters, command- 
ing our Regiment and the oOtli Ind., to be taken to 
Chattanooga ; and we set out, to return to that place. 
About 9 o'clock we reached the Brigade, lying where 
we had left it the evening before, and were soon af- 
terward on our way to Cleveland. 

This is one of the pleasantest towns iSiat we saw 
in the South, It contained about two thousand in- 
habitants before the war, was Vv'ell built, well su})- 
plied with business houses, and had besides common 
schools, an Academy and a Seminary for 3'oung la- 
dies. This w^as the first town we had found in om- 
progress from Louisville, where schools had not been 
entirely discontinued. Here- two common schools 
were still sustained b}" the unusually intelligent and 
loyal citizens. 

We jmssed through Cleveland about noon on our 
return, and halted about two miles Southwest of 
town, on the plantation of a Mr. Tucker ; who had 
been from the beginning of the war a violent rebel, 
axid at this time was said to be in Richmond, a mem- 
ber of the Confederate Congress. The j)lantation 
suifered pi:etty severely before the next morning, for 
as the night was quite cold and there was no restraint 
placed upon the soldiers, they built large fires of 
rail;:, and kept them burning' a good part of tho 
night. 



.MAIU iL TO e'IlARLE8'rON. l.H 

Da uni- way biick iVcuu Cliarleston, a rumor had 
Leeii in circulation, tluit our Brigade would halt, and 
go into camp tor the remainder of the Winter at 
Cleveland ; and when we halted withui two miles or 
the t(iwn many were contident that we should go no 
further; hut the next morning we moved on towards 
Chart aiioopu and all hope of Wintei- quarters in this 
agreeable locality speedily vanished. We had march- 
ed liowever but a few miles on the 5th, until we met 
Gen. Stanley, our Division Commander, with the 2d 
Brigade ; and after an Iwur's halt, both Brigades weut 
into camp for the night. We now learned that the 
1st Brigade of our division was alreadv building 
"Winter quarters at Ooltewah, and tliat the 2d and 3d 
Brigades were to encamp at Blue Springs, about six 
miles South of Cleveland. 

On the morning of February (jth, we moved back 
a few miles ou the road we had come the morning 
before, and tui"ning to the right, crossed the broad 
valley between the ridges, to a gap in one of them. 
Dearly opposite tlic Springs. Here the two Brigades, 
■except (jur Kegiineiit and the 8th Ky. Vols., immedi- 
ately went into camp. 

We were unexpectedly sent back to the neighbor- 
hood of Cleveland, and halted for tlic night on the 
highest portion of the Ridge, Southwest of the town, 
netir the" gap through which the Railroad passes to 
Chattanooga. Col. Waters was now in command of tlie 
Post at Cleveland, having command of the 8tli Ky. 
A"ols., as well as his own Regiment, and selected tjiis 
hill as the point most available for defence, " '' " 
holding possession of the town with a small to. 
he did not decide upon making this a per;, 
camp until late the next day, when C(V. ^ 
came, and at once decided that it wa> 
t' ^ ;., *]^Q nciirhborhood. 



152 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

The prospect from the hill, where^we were hnpa- 
tiently lying this very pleasant Sabbath, was very 
beantiful. The high range of mountains some twenty 
miles to the Eastward, were covered with snow, and 
glistened in the sunlight, while the intermediate 
ridges, covered with the evergreen pine and dusky 
gray oak forests, gave a delightful contrast to the 
picturesque landscape. Hundreds were admiring the 
variegated scenery, and and as they noted its beau- 
ties, realized all that can be intended by the phrase, 
" 'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view," The 
mountains were lovely and beautiful in the distance, 
but a march across them at this season, would have 
given the picture quite another shading. 

On the 8th, Col. A¥aters established his quarters 
permanently at the house of a Mr. Tibbs, a leading- 
spirit among the rebels of this section, and who had 
moved Southward before our arrival. Our camp was 
laid off, upon the summit and Eastern slope of the 
hill. The next day, all the barns, stables und out- 
buildings of the " Tibbs place" were torn down, and 
rapidly converted into shanties by the men; lines of 
fortifications were laid out around the camp, and a 
large detail set to work upon them ; and the whole 
Regiment feeling gratified in being eo pleasantly situ- 
ated or stationed, were cheerful and contented. 

Within three days, we had quite as comfortable 
quarters as we had left at Whiteside, and being un- 
der t;ommand of our esteemed Colonel, had no fears 
of«the petty tyi-anny and in;{].3Vwlence, which had long- 
characterized the treatment v/e had received from 
'■Brigade commande:-- V^ '-^'-^w that we shoidd 
!U'selves,'as long permitted to u'- 

' i:ti;:, and the prospect W' ir of continuing!; 

n thio ■j)leasant and beautifi ■:ilil the openijig 

Sprii)g Campaign. 



CHAPTER XIL 

CAMP AT CLEVELAND — RECOKNOTSANCE TO ROCKY FACE 
KIlXiE AND PREPARATION FOR THE ATLANTA CAM- 
I'AIGN. 

As soon as it was known that a stroD^; t'ovce was 
permanently encamped near Cleveland, the truly loyal 
eitizcus of the tov.u and surrounding country, assem- 
bled at a Mass Meeting, raised a pole in the Court 
House Square, and brought out and spread to the 
breeze a beautiful national Hag, which had been kept 
hidden for more than two years, and which was for 
some time buried to preserve it from tho ruthless hands 
of the rebels. The meeting was one of the most joyous 
and enthusiastic we have ever attended. JJany old cit- 
izens, who, although they lived but a few miles apart, 
and had in years gone by, been almost neighbors, here 
met for the first time in three years; and as they grasp- 
ed each other by the iiand would raise their eyes filled 
with tears of joy, to the old fla(} that was proudly 
floating over them, the emblem of nationality — the 
glorious standard around which had rallied their sons 
and grandsons, "loyal, true and brave," to assist in 
putting down the great and terrible rebellion. Our 
Brigade Band (formerly the 84th III. Vols. Regimental 
I>and,) was present, and played several national aii's, 



154 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

and Col. Grose and Col. Waters being called upon, ad- 
dressed the meeting in a manner and style well suited 
to the occasion. Both assured the assembly that our 
army had come to remain, that we had a permanent 
foothold on the East side of the Cumberland Mountains , 
an impregnable citadel at Chattanooga ; and that East 
Tennessee having so valiantly and vigorously held out 
for the right, and in every possible way demonstrated 
her sincere loyalty and devotion to the Union, would 
not again be relinquished, to be despoiled and desolat- 
ed by rebels in arms. The people, in spite of all their 
grievous losses and terrible afflictions, seemed to be en- 
thusiastic and hopeful ; yea, they were delighted to see 
the "boys in loyal blue," permanently encamped in 
their midst, and a new and joyful era seemed to have 
dav\-ned upon them. The speedy overthrow of the mil- 
itary despotism of the Southern Confederacy, the an- 
nihilation of armed resistance to the Constitution and 
the Laws, the return of peace and prosperity within a 
few months ; aye, and the punishment of those Avho 
took the lead in bringing the terrible scourge of civil 
war upon our once happy country, were the main topics 
of conversation, in that large and enthusiastic assem- 
bly. We can dwell no longer upon the events of this 
day, not soon to be forgotten at Cleveland. At night 
a party was given at the Ocoee House, and not a few 
boys of our Regiment, took part iu the "festive dance," 
for the first time since they were in camp ai Quincy. 
111. The ladies who were so patriotic as to attend, and 
with strangers from a distant Sta-te, enryacje in th ■ 
agreeable pastime, were treated with great respect ])•. 
all, and the 84th Regt. 111. A-^ols., will ever be spokeu 
of ill Cleveland, as a Regiment of gentlemen. Tli;' 
ladies present on this occasion, were dressed with ; 
taste and elegance that reminded u§ strongly of tii 
refined society of the North, their deportment was gci' 



CAMP AT CLEVELAND. 155 

tool ;uid t'ourteous, and we cannot think one of tlic 
Avliole number, was addicted to the loathsome and exe- 
crable habit (so common in the South), of "snuff-dipp- 

iMg" 

()nlv two or three nights afterward, quite a panic 
was excited in the town, by a rumor that 5000 rebel 
cavalry were advandng upon the place — and scores of 
citizens immediately flocked to our camp, as a place of 
refuge and safety. Col. Waters immediately prepared 
for an attack, strengthened his picket lines, and sent 
out Lieut. IL 13. Miller with a small force, to recon- 
noitre the road upon which the enemy "were said to be 
coming. But the night wore tediously away, and no 
attack was made, no enemy could be found by our 
scouts, and daring the following day, it was generally 
accounted a false alarm ; though the man who 1)rought 
in tlienew?, always insisted that he saAV at lea=t a hun- 
'Ired mounted rebels coming; towards the town. 

( )n the 1 5th of February, we were again paid, and 
as the loyal people of the country daily brought into 
camp butter, eggs, chickens, dried fruit, etc., etc., we 
were able to procure a change of very palatable diet. 
Thanks to Col. Waters, there was no restrictions upon 
"trade," and every day scores of men not on duty, ■vvcre 
permitted to go into town or to the country. 

We had now constant rumors of a move to the South- 
ward, and on the ITth, a Division of Gen. Logan's 
Corps came up from lluntsvillc, Ala., which it was 
thought strongly indicated an early advance ; yet it 
seemed scarcely possible that a campaign would be under- 
taken at this season of the year; and when too, Gen. Sher- 
man was engaged in making a rain into Alabama from 
Vicksburg. The cars were now daily running to Cleve- 
land from Chattanooga, so flic men were well supplied 
with clothing, and all kinds of army stores soon became 
abundant. 

On the 21st of February, Capt. Kr\ii) arrived iri 



156 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

camp, having been at home for a few days on leave of 
absence, and brought us a new and very costly and 
beautiful flag — a present from the citizens of McDon- 
ough County. It was gladly, gratefully received ; and 
wdien the brief address accompanying it, was read that 
evening by the Adjutant on Dress Parade, it elicited 
no feeble expression of good feeling; no meager mani- 
festations of joy and pleasure. We regret that the 
presentation address was lost from the Regimental 
desk, so that we are unable to insert a copy in this rec- 
ord, where it justly deserves a place. A unanimous 
vote of thanks, to the loyal citizens who sent to the 
field this splendid ilag, bearing in gilt letters the 
names of our hard fought battles, was all the return 
the Regiment was able at the time to make; and the 
Colonel was requested immediately to transmit this ex- 
pression, to the liberal donors. The same night about 
twelve o'clock, we received orders to be ready to march 
at six o'clock, a. m. the next morning. 

Reveille sounded at 4 o'clock, and about that time 
the order came, to move all our baggage to the Head- 
quarters of the Brigade near Blue Springs. The Reg- 
iment marched from the newly made camp near Cleve- 
land, about six o'clock; at 8 o'clock fell into the main 
column at Blue Springs ; and from that point marched 
to the Southeast about three miles, where we came te 
a road leading directly South. We followed this road 
until nearly opposite Red Clay Station on the Railroad, 
where we turned directly to the West, and halted for 
dinner near the Station. That afternoon, Col. Grose 
Avent out a few miles with the Brigade on a reconnois- 
ance, and came upon one of the enemy's outposts, which 
immediately withdrew, and soon afterwards the Brigade 
returned to Red Clay, and encamped for the night. 

About noon the next day, a part of the 15th Corps 
arrived from Cleveland, and a messenger from Gen. 
Thomas reached us, with the order for our Division to 



CAMP AT CLEVELAND. 1;J7 

join Gen. Palmer's (14th) Corps near Tunnel Hill, via 
Catoosa Springs. Col. Grose now sent buck the au- 
thor to Blue Springs, to remove as speetlily as possible 
;;'l the transportation, baggage, etc., etc., of the 2n(l 
and ord Brigades, to Cleveland, where it could be pro- 
tected by the force still garrisoning the i)luce. This 
order was fully executed the same night. 

Starting from Red Clay about 1 o'clock, the Brigade 
marched on without opposition, until they were in the 
vicinity of Catoosa Springs, when a slight skirmish 
ensued, and there the Brigade encamped for the night. 

On the 24th, the force which advanced from Clevi-- 
land and Blue Springs, marched on toward Dalton, and 
near Tunnel Hill effected a junction with Gen. Palmer's 
command. There was sharp skirmishing all day, at and 
near Buzzard Roost Gap, and some unusually accurate 
artillery firing, especially on the part of the enemy. 
The enemy were ascertained to be rapidly reinforcing 
their divisions, which were holding a lineof works across 
the Gap, which is doubtless, one of the strongest posi- 
tions for defence ever selected. As this expedition was 
only intended for a reconnoisancc in force, and the 
strength and position of the enemy were now fully as- 
certained; at night our Avholc force threatxjning the gap 
orpass, fell back about two or three miles, and took a 
strong defensive position. 

Early on the morning of the 25th, the enemy ap- 
])earcd in strong force in our front, and rapid artillery 
firing, as well as sharp skirmishing, continued most of 
the day. From the force observed in motion yesterday, 
and again brought in view by the enemy to-day, it was 
evident, that either no considerable portion of the rebel 
army lately lying at Dalton, had been sent to operate 
ai^ainst (jon. Sherman in Alabama, or if sent in that 
direction, that it had been recalleil to resist the threat- 
ened attack by Gen. Thomas. At night our forces 
again fell back, and the enemy on the following morn- 



158 IIISTOEY OF THE EEGBIENT 

ing, folloAYed up and continu-ed the skirmish, but as the 
firing was generally at very long range, but very little 
damage was done on either side. 

On the 2Tth, our Division marched back from the 
neighborhood of Salem Church, to their old camp near 
Blue Springs, and the enemy's cavalry following up, 
continued frequently to come in sight, until we were 
within three or four miles of our strongly fortified 
camps. The men of our Regiment returned from this 
expedition considerably fatigued, for the Regiment had 
been on the skirmish line, nearly all the time for about 
four days. We had expected, on returning from this 
reconnoisance, (known in the Division as the reconnoi- 
sance on DaltoT;), that we should occupy the same po- 
sition we had before, near Cleveland, and have a plea.shnt 
time in our snug shanties with good brick chimneys, 
during the remainder of the AVinter. But Col. Grose 
had no idea of gratifying us to that extent, so regard- 
less of the labor we had expended in fitting up comfort- 
able quarters and making a pleasant camp ; he ordered 
our Regiment to encamp at Blue Springs Church, 
about a mile and a half West of Blue Springs Station, 
to hold a gap in the ridge at that place, in case of an 
attack. We were informed that Gen. Stanley recom- 
mended the return of our Regimeiit to Cleveland, 
where Col. AYaters had won golden opinions, and his 
Regiment were already becoming very popular, but to 
gratify his petty spite toward Colonel Waters; Colo- 
nel Grosie declined to permit us to return, and on the 
l8rh day of February, we again commenced building 
A\'^inter quarters and fortifying. This was the fourth 
time we had built Winter quarters, during the Fall of 
180;'>, and Winter of 186;-5-4. 

From the 1st to the 10th of March, aU hands were 
Vmsy in bmlding cabins of poles, fnom the pine grove 
in Avhich we were encamped, and in throwing up strong 
lines of fortifications about the narrow gap, which Wc 



C.UIPAT CLEVELAND. io9 

wore expected to (Icfcr.d in case of an attack. In a 
few daj.s, we again had very comfortable quarters, and 
though the boys did not soon forget to denounce and 
curse the Brigade coniniander, they became quite con- 
tented, and shortly went to work in earnest to make 
ours the finest camp in the Brigade. It is most re- 
markable, how qickly an experienced soldier becomes 
contented, or apparently contented, with any situation 
in which he may be placed. The recruit is continually 
wondering what move is next to be made, what point is 
next to be reached, what the General commandin^ext 
intends to do, etc., etc., and growls and grumbles be- 
cause he has so far to march in a day, because he has 
so heavy a load to carry, because he has to march and 
daily sees scores of niggers, riding past the column on 
line horses; because it rams or is cold, or camp is estab- 
lished so far from wood or water, in brief, because to 
him everything is an ''up hill business geuerall^j." On 
the contrary, the veteran, or experienced sohlier, sel- 
dom casts a thought upon the movements being made 
or their results. He luis become accustomed to his 
l)urdcnsoinc knapsack and cumbersome accouterm.enis, 
and trudges on, almost unmindful of their weight, or 
the distance he has carried them. lie knows his post 
of duty is in the ranks, and that niggers and servants, 
having charge of the horses of mounted officers, wili 
ride them and have no burdens to carry. If it rain:?, he 
jiroteCrts himself as best he can with his poncho or rub- 
ber blanket, if it is cold and chilly he puUs on his 
heavy overcoat, and if there are a score of inconven- 
icnees about camp, orahumlred sources of annoyance, 
he realizes that it is folly to complain :r grumble, and 
lioars all, endurc.-s all, nut only with stoicism but with 
cheerfulness. IS'o club's of men on earth, are so con- 
tinually lighthearted, cheerful and indifferent or care- 
less in respeo-t to the cireumstances of their situation, 
a? thorouirh-bred and war-worn soldiers. 



160 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

About the 10th of March, orders were given for a 
drill, bj Company, Battalion or brigade, of four hours 
per day ; and for several succeeding days, our Regi- 
ment would be seen, by companies deployed in skir- 
mish lines, carrying on a^mimic skirmish tight, for two 
hours each forenoon ; and in the afternoon the Regi- 
ment would march over to the open Held, in front of 
the camp of the other Regiments, there to take part 
in the Brigade drill conducted by Col. Grose. From 
this time until the 3d of May, when the Spring and 
Summer campaign commenced, the drill was vigor- 
ously continued, frequently interspersed by weari- 
some parades and reviews. Every attention was now 
given to a complete pre|>aration for the coming cam- 
])aign. Besides the constant drill of the troops, who 
v/ere now supplied Vvith all the clothing they desired; 
all unserviceable or defective arms and accoutre- 
ments were exchanged for new. The wagon trains 
were retitted, and a full stock of inules provided, and 
both troops and trains carefully inspected as . often as 
once per week. 

Early in April, the 2d a]id 3d Divisions of the 4th 
^Vrmy Cor])S, returned from the vicinity of Knoxville, 
and went into camp within a few miles of Cleveand, 
drawing all their supplies from that place ; and about 
the same time Gen. Howard caine froin Chattanooga, 
and took command of the Corps, in pLu^e of Gen. 
( rranger who liud been removed, l)y order of Gen. 
Sliei'man. 

Gen. Howard immediately reviewed the several 
{brigades and Divisions of his Corps, and personally 
made a minute inspection of the camj) of each regi- 
ment. Allien he came to our camp, he foimd it nice- 
ly swept, entirely free from brush, I'ubljish or filth, 
imd everything in such perfect order, that he pro- 
nounced it the iinest camp in the Divi&ion It was 



CAMP A'r CJ.EVEJ.AX1). UU 

a well moritcd and vcrv gratifying coni])linicnt, and 
uiie wliicli (as C<']. W'utcr? was not in connnand 
< it" the liogiinent', Ijcing at the time President of a 
IJourt Martial sitting at Cleveland,) seemed to please 
Col. Grose vastly ; and in the hearing of scores of 
men of the Regiment, he remarked to Oen, Howard, 
'•Yes, General, the 84th Ills, is a splendid Regiment, 
I was married to it at 8tone River.'" The Ijoys verv 
naturally concluded, that he had not l»cen a very af- 
I'octionate or even-tempered conjugal partner, and 
were generally inclined to deny the existence of the 
alleged relationship. 

A Review, by Gen. Stanley during this month, 
(April,) was one of the most thorough ever undertaken, 
and occasioned frequent comment and eulogy through- 
out our Regiment and Brigade. After reviewing 
the lirigade in the usual stylds he dismounted and 
Avent through the whole, regiment ])y regiment, 
taking each man's gun in his lurnds, testing the lock, 
examining the cleanliness of the barrel with the ram- 
rod, and praising or reprimanding each man, accord- 
ing to the condition in which he found his arms and 
accoutrements. We are proud to say. that very few 
men in our Regiment, were found with dirty or de- 
fective arms, or ill kept accoutrements. Nearly eve- , 
i-y one came back from the review, delighted with 
some com]>limentary word, or ex]iression addrcsscl 
to them personally, by the Division commandei. 

During the month of April, we secured the ser- 
vices of an excellent photographic artist, Mr. Swen- 
ney, and assisted him to move his tents from Cleve- 
land to our Regimental camj). He took at our camp, 
a picture of each company, and many other group- 
pictures that Avei-e pronounced s[)lendid by all con- 
luissieurs ; as well as a dozen or more card ]>hoto- 
gra]>hs, for almost every officer and man in the 



{;2 Hl^UilY OF Tiii: IIEGIMENT. " 

iiulc Regiment. While this was a prolitable season 
;r the artist, the pictures secured, were of ahnost in- 
timahle value to the soldiers for whom they were 
ken. The exchanges that took place in camp, in- 
'iced the very best of feeling, and hundreds of these 
•lotographs, then sent home, will ever be highly 
ized, and frequently looked over by the survivors 
the three 3'ears term of service, with emotions of 
ofound joy and pleasure, if not of exquisite delight, 
ea, they have become treasures to the possessors, 
peciaily where they are the liknesses of those who 
iire Vv'ith us, amid so many hardshi2:)s, trials aiul 
ngers, and linally gave up their lives, a sacrifice for 
■sir country's honor, integrity and glory ; to pre- 
rvc our noble institutions and Union, and the best 
jvcrnraent known on earth. Several of those whose 
otographs we then secured, within a few months, 
iished in the glorious struggle in which the imion 
ly were engaged, and died on the field of battle, 
from wounds or disease ; ere the infernal rebellion 
r, crushed, ere the joyful beams of peace Avere haiU 
by war-wearied thousands, ere the paens in their 
nor and of national victory, were shouted by the 
teful nnliions of a great and mighty nation. 
During the latter part of the month, "target prac- 
o" was introduced throughout the Division, to give 
iety to drill, as well as to instruct the men in the 
\ge of their pieces, and render their fire more ae- 
rate and eficctivc. This was a new species of drill 
this Department, and was considered fine sport by 
I. Great care was taken to prevent accidents, yet 
aiost every v/eek in some regiments of our Division, 
3n were wounded, by carelessly exposing themselves 
!ar the target. We were so fortunate as to escape such 
.sualties, perhaps owing to the more thorough disci ji- 
le and pf-r-v*^ obedience of the jnen, ratncr than t" 



qAMP AT CLFA'ELAND. K;,; 

aiiN I'.aiit iiJar exercise ot'jtidpjeniont or pnulcju-u vi: 
tlio jiart of o(HcA?rs and men, engaged in tlie ^•grccablo 
j)iac-tJi'<3 and pastime. 

As the month \\\>vc away and tlic weather became 
more bottled, the indications of an early advance upon 
tl.10 enemys strong position atDalton, rapidly increas- 
.ed. The Cavalry, which had during the Winter, 
1)0(^11 employed in the Northern part of E.ost Tcimes- 
see, were concentrated in the neighborhood of Cleve- 
land, and were ahnost constantly scouting to the 
{South and Southeast of our camp. Everything in 
the way of clothing, arms or accoutrements and trans- 
])ortation, was in tlic most perfect condition, and day 
by day the incjuiry began to be nuide, why are we 
j\ot moving forward V A\ by is not the Spring cani- 
})aign connneMCcd? Xot long were we required to 
tiwait marching orders. 

Vn the Ist^lay of ilay, the order came to send im- 

liiediately to tlio Depot, that they might be shipped 

o J Bridgeport for storage, all desks, ^)o\t}s, trunks, 

.nd surplus regimental baggage, so that one team 

ould haul the whole baggage of each regiment. We 

umediately executed the order, and by a strict coin- 

iiance with it, saved a vast amount of trouble, which 

•11 to the lot of IJegiments who attempted to evade 

. and take with them, their wall-tents, desks etc., 

c. We had learned, that if trains were overloaded, 

cidents nuist happen, that in that event, baggage 

ould certainly bo lost or destroyed, and we would 

■ less likely to preserve and save it, than if we sent 

:iway for storage : although wc had heretotore been 

t unfortunate in storing Iniggage — losing more 

ui half, of all ever sent away for this pnr]io.~c. 

The next day we learned that Cien. Schotield, with 

« army of tho"^C)hio, was moving kSouthward, from 

■^ vicinil v of KrowiUo. ;in 1 ]]'..■ :;(l\:ini'(> ])i\i-!.iri 



164 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

was said to be alread}^ South of the Hiawassa, com- 
ing on toward Cleveland. The 20th Corps, imder 
Gen. Hooker, was by this time moving from Wan- 
hatchie, where they had lain since November, to the 
vicinity of Ringgold, where Gen. Palmers' Corps had 
been for some time encamped. The 15th Corps, un- 
der Gen. Logan, and 16th, under Gen. Dodge, vv-ere, 
said to be coming forward from Huntsville and 
Larkinsville Ala. ; indeed all the troops in the whole 
Department, were being speedily concentrated about 
Ringgold and Cleveland. 

About this time Gen. Sherman arrived, to take 
command in person, and while he was. l^ringing to- 
gether all the available forces in the West, with 
which to prosecute the campaign to Atlanta ; Gen. 
Grant was reorganizing and concentrating the entire 
army in Virginia, upon the Rappahannock. We 
could get no accurate idea of the im«iber of men 
Gen. Grant would have, Avhen ready to start upon 
th'{; campaign ; but it was generally understood that 
Gen. Sherman had about ninety thousand in readi- 
ness to make the attack upon Dalton, where the reb- 
el Gen. Joe Johnson was lying with, an army estima- 
ted at seventy-five thousand men. 

Conrident that ours was the greatly superior force, 
M-e were no longer troubled with the doubts and fears, 
that aftiiected us during the administration of Gen. 
Rosecrans in this Department : but we were confident 
of victory, under the command of so brilliant a milita- 
ry genius, as the incomparable Gen. Sherman. 

All things being in reauiness, no preliminary order 
was issued, but on the morning of ^lay 3d, the order 
to march at 12 o'clock the same day, was received ; 
and ere that hour had arrived, tents were struck, 
knapsacks packed, wagons loaded, and evei^ prepara- 
tion completed, to start upon the long, arduous 



ca:\ip at clfa'elan j ). i (jo 

I terrildc campaign, to tlic heart of tho Southern 
iitederafv, even upon the famons and ■vvouderl'ui 



•»^!?irty- — 



CHAPTER XIII. 

THE ATLANTA CA51PAIGN TO THE CHATTAHOOCHEE lilVEE, 

On Tuesday, May 3d, 1864, tlie 3d Brigade of the 
1st Division of the 4th Army Corps,, to which our 
Eegiment beloi'jged, a,nd the 2d Brigade of the same 
Division, marched from Blue Springs, to the vicinity 
of Eed Clay Station, on the Cleveland and Dalton 
Railroad ; and encamped for the night about a mile 
South of the Station. The 1st Brigade of the Divi- 
sion, at the same time moved directly from Ooltewah, 
Vvdiere it had been encamped since tiie first of Febru- 
ary, to Salem Church, which is about three miles 
oSTorth of Catoosa Springs. The next day, the threc^ 
Brigades ot the Di^-ision met at Catoosa Springs, ar.," 
during tlie day Gen. Wood's and Gen. Newton';. 
(lately Gen Sheridan's) Divisions, arrived at the same 
place ; and the whole corps encamped \vithin a shon 
distance of the Springs. The Cavalr}^ attached t- > 
the corps, moved on three or fonr miles directly to- 
ward Dalton, and drove back the enemy's outposts. 

On the 5th and Gth, the Division remained at C:i- 
toosa Springs, awaiting the arrival of Gen Schofield's 
command, (23d Corps,) which came down from 
Charleston on the "Old Federal Road" and took po- 
sition on the left; of the 4th Corps. 



. THI' : ^ CAIIPAIGN. 

While l;ii' \ vve liad a fine opp^n ; 

nity '■'■'' , 01 the celebrated Catoot-. 

Sp}:'":' ntj-five or thirt}^ springs on 

le -i itcres of ground, and the water 

of. ___, >\e found had some mineral taste. 

The; ^-'^' _ of most of the springs is no doubt strongly 
impreguated with sulphur ; but what seemed most 
remarkable, was that in Springs only a few feet 
ap.art, one held so much sulphur in solution, as to 
smell like rotten eggs, and be entirely unpalatable ; 
ttnd another had but a slight taste of sulphur, aiid 
vras odorless and very agreeable to the taste. In 
some there was scarcely a' trace of sulphur preceiva^ 
ble : iii several a taste of irqn such as is usua^y no- 
ticed in Chalybeate Sp^rings; and in two or three we 
were not able to detect any thing, more than a very 
slight indefinable mineral tincture, ]\Iost of the 
Springs are walled in with he^vn stone, and at least 
twenty, had by or near them a board, similar to a 
common guide board, on which was painted the' 
name of the Spring, indicating quite accui:ately the 
quality of the waters. Tliis had been quite a place 
of Summer resort, by the aristocracy of the South, 
prior to the Rebellion ; and a Hotel capable of ac- 
commodating at least seven hundred visitors, had 
been built and ke})t by some enterprising gentlemen 
from Atlanta, until the breaking out of the. war. 
xVround and adjacent to the Hotel were quite a nmn- 
ber of buildings, which were erected for billiard, 
gaming and liquor saloons ; and here the fast and 
fashionable portion of the "Chivahy,." were wont to 
(•'^".gregate, and indulge in the follies and dissipa- 
ns, which wealth and habits of idleness invariably 
ice and confirm. These buildings, as well as the 
atiat Hotel, were now sadly out of repair ; for the 
cmy after the battle of Chickamauga,. had here ci- 



IG.-:, HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

tablishod their hospitals, and hundreds, and probabi 
thousands, here languished and died of wounds and di^ 
ease, on the spot where, they had in earlier, happic 
seasons, been the votaries of fashion, folly and piea^ - 
ure. 

On the morning of May 7th, the 4th and 2" 
Coi'ps moved to the Southward, until the right of tlic; 
4th, joined the 14th Corps on Tunnel Hill, from 
which the enemy had been driven that morning. On 
the 8 th, the corps moved forward toward Halton, , 
across the valley lying between Tunnel Hill and 
E,ocky Face Ridge. At tlie loot of this liidge, our 
■Division was forced to halt, for it was quite inaecess- 
able; in many |)laces rising perpendicularly from 
sixty to a hundred feet, and on the summit the eno- 
my were holding a line of iutrenchments. 

Those of our readers who were in the iVrmy of the 
Cumberland, will well remember this remark j 
Ridge; but to give those who never saw^ it, a cicar 
idea of tlie obstacles Vvdiich the Union army had to 
contend with, at the opening of the campaign; we 
V. i'l ;<ttemj)t a descS-i^ition. Rocky Face is tlie high- 
>1 steepest ridge of the Pigeon Mountains, be- 
ing .'r.)out eighteen hundred or two thousand feet, 
high ; and though the ascent is quite steep on 'tlve 
Eastern side, roads to- 'the summit have been <-m- 
fi i:( ""..'.] in many plaees; while on the "VYestern ^^I;le, 
long distan&e'^'quite inaccessable for man or 
i e i; i , [iw side of thealdge being a succession of al- 
most pei'pendicular precipices. Tlicre are two n"tcd 
;raps in this Ridge. 'One is Bazzard Roost (i ;;]■», 
through which the Railroad passes, fi'omChattanc'-'M 
to Dalion; and fifteen miles South ol this, is the < ih- 
• r. Known as Snake Creek Gap, from the stj ^m 
"vliich passes through it. Onr T)ivis^ir».n came wr to 
•'.ee of this Ridge, iles North oi 



TJIE A'JXAXTA CAMPAK^X. • 1)9 

Unpczard Iv<.)u>t Gap, and hero a sliarp skimioli iniim.- 
«li:itely c'Oiiiiiiencod, M-liich was carried on for two 
days and nights, between our men along the foot of 
the ridge, and the rebels, on the several ledges of rocks 
aimve them. 

( )n the yih, our Regiment M'as upon the skirmislt 
liiK', and asi;ended the mountain a short distance, to 
tlie' foot of the high cliffs, and there had severe skir- 
nii lung most of the day. The rebels tired from the 

[ ) ol the cliifs, and om* men sheltered themselves as 

h".-i they could, behind rocks and trees. We had 

IcNcn men killed and v.'ounded during the day, and 

at night, having marched about a mile to the right, 

I' a point where the ridge Wiis less less i)recipitoufi, 

luifc a sharp encounter took place. 

A I'rigade of Gen. ]Javis' Divibion, of the 14tli 
vorps, was ordered to advance, drive in the enemy's 
flout line, and test the strengrh of the enemy's works ; 
and the 84th Ills, was ordered to cover their tlank; 
Imt tlie brigade fiiiled to reach the position indicated, 
and CJen. »Stanley being present, ordered Col. Waters 
to try them. The iLOgiment inunediately charged 
ubl rook the riile-pits, and held them un'til withdrawn 
in the night, losing but slightly, though the lighting 
was very severe for some time. 

On the 10th, our Regimerrt was in reserve, and 
bivouacked on the open Held, in the valley West oi 
tlio Ividge, until the enemy's Batteries npon the Kid;rc. 
we-ie brought to bear \;pon it, and it was forced '<> 
full back a sliort distance into the v.-oods. The sh', 
fell thick and last, while we were moving back im • 
the bushy woodland, out of sight, but fortunafclv not 
u man \',:is jri'iously injm'ed, though sever 
breadth e.-rapes. 

On the same day, Gen. McPherso)i, < 
the 1 Oth, and two Divisions of the 16th LV - - -. . . i .■ . cm 



170 HISTOEY OF THE EEGBIENT. 

down to Siiake Creek Gap ; and the next da}', 1 
sharp skirmishing drove the enemy back, and toi> 
nodsession of the Gap. Gen. Hooker immediatel 
marched to his support with the 20th Corps; and <:>• 
the night of the 11th, the 14th Corps, mider Gei; 
Pahner moved in the same direction. Meanwhile th 
4th Corps v/as gradually pressing forward in front o 
Buzzard Roost Gap, which the enemy were holdiiu 
■■.vitli a heavy force of infantry, and several well--ni;iii 
ned batteries. 

There is a low ridge almost across the gap, a httlc 
East of tlie main ridge, and upon this, the enemy hi 
thrown up a very strong line of works. Upon this li; . 
of fortllications they had twenty or more pieces of ;; 
Hllery, mounted so that they could sweep the wln' 
breadth of the gap with shell, grape and canister, in I 
case we undertook to take it by a charge. Thou- 
sands of men must have been slaughtered, had tliel 
attempt been made to drive them back by a charge,! 
or to take their works by assault. A far wiser schemej 
was devised by Gen. Sherman, and was .fairly ia 
progress on the 12th; when Gen. McPherson'Sjj 
Gen. Palmer's, and Gen. Hooker's commands got .in>^ 
to position on the East side of the Eidge in front of 
^Snake Creek Gap. Gen. Joe Johnson now founc 
himself about to be cut ofi' from his base of supplies,! 
and to avoid this calamity, during the night with-J 
drew from our front, and fell back to a strongly forti^ 
lied position near Eeseca. 

On the morning of the 13th, ovu' Division advanced 
through Buzzard Eoost Gap, the 84th Ills. Vols., auc 
86th Ind. Vols., being upon the sldmiish hne, an(i 
at half past eight o'clock a. m. entered and took pos-; 
session of the town of Dalton. The enemy had lef;^ 
a small force of cavalry, to cover their retreat, wli« 
made some show of resistance, so that a continua 



THE ATLxiNTA CAMPAIGK- 171 

ffkirmlsli whs kept up all day, as our Corps contin- 
ued to advance to the Sputhwerd, from Dalton to- 
wiird Reseca. Thus Dalton, one of the' enemy's 
strongholds, and one of their best positions for defense, 
fell into our possession without a battle, and with a 
trifling loss, considering the force which occupied, or 
assailed ir. It was a to'vt'n of about three thousand 
inhabitants, and did considerable business before 
tlie war; but now it was nearly deserted, and the 
ohlj business houses in use, were those in which 
the rebels had left quite a quantity of military 
stores, which they were unable to remove sudden- 
ly. The next day the Railroad was put in repair, 
so that the cars came through from Chattanooga, 
loaded with supplies for our army. The wagon 
trains which had been for several days Ij'ing at 
Ringgold, immediately came up, and were parked in 
and about the town. 

On the 14th, a severe engagement commenced, 
about two miles North of Reseca, for our army was 
steadily pressing forward. The battle, generally call- 
ed the" battle of Reseca, was fought in a thickly tim- 
bered section of country, broken by ridges and deep 
ravines. In the forenoon, there Avas severe skirmish- 
all along the line, and late in the afternoon, the ene- 
niy massed his forces heavily upon our left, and for 
an hour or two, threatened to drive us back, but the 
20th Corps hastened to the assistance of the 4th, and 
the position was held, with considerable loss on both 
sides. The left of our Regiment was durirfg this en- 
<'0untcr, under command of Maj. Cox, guarding the 
Division annnunition train, and the right after being 
on the skirmish line all day, was on picket during the 
Jiight. 

Qn- the loth, there was heavy fighting all along 
• 'line; our army slowly advanced, fortifying each 



172 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

ridge as soou as tliey got possession of it, until tiie\ 
came in front of one which the enemy had fortilie* 
months before, and now seemed determined to holu 
regardless of the number of lives it cost. Late in the 
afternoon however. Gen. Hooker made one of his 
brilliant and decisive charges, and took possession ol 
a part of the ridge, which he was enabled by terrible 
hard fighting to hold, though the enemy made seve- 
ral attempts to retake it. During the night of the 
15th the enemy, finding that Gen. McPherson was 
turning his flank, fell back across the Oostenoola 
Iliver, the principal tributary of the Coosa, and re- 
treated towards Kjngston. 

On the 16th, our forces came to the river, and as it 
is a stream two hundrad. yards or more,*in width, and 
very deep, bridges had to be built before they could 
cross. Yet the splendid Pioneer Corps of the army, 
composed of twenty men of each Regiment, who 
VvQi'G required to carry ten axes, six spades and four 
picks, in addition to their ordinary accoutrements, 
soon constructed rough bridges, and during tlie day 
and night the whole arm}^ succeeded in crossing. 

Advancing on the morning of May 17th, the 2nd 
I )ivision of the 4th Corps being in front, no opposi- 
tion was met with until after passing through the lit- 
tle town of Calhoun, six and one half miles South of 
lieseca. From Calhoun for several miles, the ene- 
my contested every foot of the way, having a heavy 
i-ear-guard, who frequently checked our line of skir- 
misliers, luitil the colunm came up. AVhen within 
a1)out three miles of Adairsville, the eneni}^ made a 
stand, liaving thrown up a good line of fortifications, 
which tlie}' continued to hold until after dark. A 
severe engagement was anticipated at daylignt the 
Jiext morning, but when morning dawned, as bright 
and lovelv as was ever oeheldin "the beautvof Ma^'."^ 



TTTE ATL \NTA CAMPAIGN. 173 

tliw'c WHS no eueiuj ui sight. Tlicy had been taught 
in the sharp encounter of the previous evening, that 
we had too strong a force for them to resist success- 
fiillj, in such an open country a.-^ is fouiul in the vi- 
cinity of AdairsviUe. 

On the 18th, we pas^LHt lui'ougu .Vdairsville, a 
])]easant looldng town, containing .80§ or 1000 in- 
habitants, and met with no very serious resistance. 
Of course there was some skirmishing with the rear- 
guard of the enemy, but this wiis unable to hold any 
position an hour, and continually gave way before 
our heavy skirmish lines. Wo bivouacked for the 
night, about live miles South of Adairsxillo, in the 
n-iost fertile section of country wo had seen, .-nnc-c wo 
left Middle Tennessee. 

On the 19th, our Divi&:(.;i A^..^ :;: ;iU-.<tiHC, iiiivL i..ix[ 

pretty sharp skirmishing through the town of King- 
ston, and for two or three miles furtlier on towards 
(Jy.ssville, where it was said by prisoners and desert- 
ers, the enemy would make a another stand and give 
ns a hard fight. But on the morning of the 20th, 
they were easily driven from their works near Cass- 
yille, and retreated hastily toward their almost in- 
vulneraljle position, at the pass or gap in the Alla- 
M)ona Mountains. 

The army had been advancing more rapidly, tlian 
the construction corps could put the Kailroad in re- 
pair ; hence, it now became necessary to halt, until 
the cars should come up to Kingston; and supply the 
army with rations. On the next day several trains 
arrived, and the order was again issued ty send back 
all baggage, except what one team could haul for a 
liegiment, together with ten days forage. Ten days 
isu]>ply of forage and rations having been received, on 
' the 23d day of May, the army again advanced ; but 
instead of taking the direct road towards ..\il;uij-;i. 



174 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT 

thi'ongli the Allatoona pass, we turned directly to tiio 
right, in the direction of Dallas ; and having crossed 
the Etowah Eiver, encamped for the night near the 
little town of Euharlee, ten miles South of Kingston. 

On the 25th, we began to come into the ridffes 
next to the xillatoona I\Iomitains, and it was with no 
little difficulty that roads were found for the army, 
which was now advancing in four separate columns. 
The 4th and 14th Corps were upon the same road, 
the 4th Corps in advance, wli'en for some reason it 
became necessary to march until late at night, then 
a tremendous rain set in, about 9 o'clock p. m. and with- 
out any well beaten roads, in a thickly timbered, 
mountainous country, in the intense darkness of a 
stormy night, the whole 3d Brigade got lost and bad- 
ly scattered ; and not a few men of our Regiment, as 
well as several others, were finally compelled to lie 
down and wait for daylight, before they could find 
their own regiment, which becomes qnite like a home, 
to the thorough and devoted soldier. The next morn- 
ing we crossed over Raccoon Ridge, a portion of the 
Allatoona ^^lountains, and marched along a deep and 
densely timbered valley, still going in the direction 
of Dallas. About 4 o'clock p. m., v.-e began to hear 
heavy firing a few miles in front, and were hurried 
forward on quick time. Soon news came, that Gen. 
Hooker had met the enemy, and as he had the order 
"to go for them Avherever he found them," he imme- 
diately pressed forward and brought on a s'eveiie en- 
gagement, in which before dark, he lost seven or 
eight hundred men. 

.Vbout dark our , Division crossed Pumpkinvine 
Creek, and within an horn* joined Gen. Hooker's 
Corpo, which liad tor three hours or more,- been do- 
ing sonue very hard fighting; and was barely able to 
liold its ground, until night set in, compelling an in- 



THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 175 

teiinic^sion of a few hours in tlie bloody contest. 

Early on the morning of the 27th, our Corps was 
])laced in position, but the 1st Division being in the 
second .line of battle, was not actually brought into 
action, though our lines were during the day advanc- 
ed about half a mile, and some quite heavy fighting 
was done. By the next morning our whole army 
^vas in position, Gen. Thomas' command in the cen- 
ter, Gen. McPhersons' on the right, near the town 
of Dallas, and Gen. Schoiield's on the extreme left. 
Early on the morning of the 27tli, our Division 
moved out to the front, relieving a part of Gen. 
AVood's Division, when our Brigade v.-as ordered into 
the front line of battle, and speedily threw up strong 
earthworks. After tv.'o or three hours sharp skir- 
mishing, the order to advance was given, and v/e 
drove the enemy back about half a mile, and securing 
a strong position, built another line of works. A con- 
stant and heavy fire was kept up during the day, nor 
did night bring a cessation of the sanguinary conflict. 
Through the whole night, there v/as a constant rattle 
and crack of musketry along the front line, and quite 
a number of batteries were in constant use upon both 
sides, hurling shot and shell promiscuously over the 
field, but with very little efi'ect. 

On the 28th, the enemy several times inade a dash 
upon Our lines, and twice came forward in masseil 
charging columns ; but the constant shower of sh.ell 
and grape which our Batteries poured in upon them, 
together with the terribly withering lire of nuisketry 
from our works, make them recoil, and after rallying 
two or three times, they fell back in disorder to their 
own line of fortifications, where our batteries could only 
reach them with solid shot. The enemy ]iow got 
F 'ine heavy guns into position, and> we were com- 
fi = --- to woi:k a good part of the ni'^'hi- '- ■ 



176 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

works eti'ong enough, tliorougly to protect us from 
their twenty pound sohd shot, and fotir inch shells. 

Gen. McPherson was now atteinpting to tnrn the 
enemy's left flank, but fonnd it resting npon Lost 
Mountain, which was quite inaccessable. During 
tiie next three days, he was pressing the enemy's left 
heavily,. and some very hard tigliting was done. Our 
works were now only about six hundred yards from 
tiiose of the enemy, with a ro^v of skirmish j)its, a])out 
one hundred yards in front of each main line of works; 
and from these, as v:e\l as the main lines, an almost 
incessant fire was continued several days and nights 
in succession. 

On the 1st day of June, our line was' extended a 
considerable distance towards the left, and our Brig- 
ade having been relieved fi-om duty on the front Ime, 
nsoved in the same direction nearly a mile, and was 
|. 'laced in the second line. The lines of the 4th and 
1 4th Corps were now extended, so as to cover nearly 
the whole ground occupied by the 15th and 16th 
Corps, .smce the battle commenced; and Gen. J\i('- 
I'iierson with these Corps, and Gen. Hooker with the 
20th Corps, moved to the left, to ascertain the posi- 
tion and try the strength of the enemy's right flank. 

On the 2nd, our Pioneers v/ere sent out in front of 
the fortifications and there felled timber for a line of 
works, some fifty or sixty yards in front of our present 
fortified position, and during the night the new lines 
were thrown up. Durini;; the afternoon of the same 
day, Gen. Wood's Division made a fierce and deter- 
mined charge upon the enemy's works, and were finally 
repulsed Avith a lieayy less. The 23rd Ky. Vol., for- 
merly with us in tire lOth Brigade, suffering very se- 
verely. On the 3rd, the 1-lth Corps moved to the left, 
and for some reason, we know not what, there was very 
little facing along the whole forfified line during the 
day. 



THE ATLANTA CAI^IPAKIN. Vll 

On the 4th of June, our Bi-lgailo \v;im again ihoscm 
out upon the front line, and relieved Gen. Whittakcv'.-! 
(2nd) Brigade. We had heavy skirmishing, and con- 
stant firing from works ail day, lost one man killed and 
several wounded. About dusk, our Regiment was re- 
lieved by the 77th Regt. Pa. Vols., and ordered back 
to the second line of works, where we remained until 
late the next evening. The enemy retreated during 
the night of the 4th, for they found that our line was 
overlapping theirs, and' slowly sv/inging in upon their 
right flank. 

On the morning of the 5th, our Regiment was sent 
back about two miles to the rear, to guard the wagon 
trains of the Corps ; and the next morning the v/hole 
army marched in a Northeasterly direction toward Ack- 
■vvorth, a Station upon the Railroad. 

On the 7th, we went into camp, about three raiS-es 
South of Ackworth, v/hore we remained until the 10th, 
resting after an engagement of ten days duration. 

Our army had lost quite heavily almost every day 
during this time, but had by the movement to the South- 
ward from Cassvillc, and the subsequent i advances 
across the ridges on both sides of Pumpkinvine Creek, 
gained possession of the AUatoona pass, which could 
never have been taken by assault, or an advance di- 
rectly upon it. We were now again upon the Railroad, 
which was in good running order to Ackworth, and 
supplies of a^U kinds vrere rapidly being brought for- 
ward. 

At this point the 17th Corps, commanded by Gen. 
Blair, came up and rejoined Gen. McPherson's com- 
mand, to which it had belonged during the Vicksburg 
campaign. 

By the 9th, all the sick and wounded were sent back 
to Chattanooga, or placed in the Department Hospital 
at Ackworth ; the army was abundantly supplied with 
clothing and rations, and everything was in perfect 
readiness for another flank movement. 



1 78 IliSTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

On the 10th, the army moved forward on the du'cct 
road towards Marietta, and at Big Shanty, a Raih'oad 
Station four miles from AckAYorth — met the enemy'3 
front or skirmish line. They had nov/ estabhshed their 
line of defense from Kenecaw Mountain to Pine Moun- 
tain, and our army v getting into 
por-'ition in their from, 

' , : :1th, an advance wa^ made upon their line 
of I'ji'iuications, and a line of strong works was thrown 
up, within about half a mile of that occupied by the 

On the 12th, 13th and 14th, our lines were steadily 
acivanced, by establishing a line of skirmish pits dur- 
ing the night, and the next day while sharp-shooters in 
these pits, kept the enemy down behind tiieir works, a 
new line of fortifications was built. 

On the 14th, the rebel Gen. Polk was killed imme- 
diately in our front, by a shot from the 5th Ind. bat- 
tery, and the following night the enemy evacuated their 
works at Pine Mountain, and fell back towards the 
ridges South of Kenesaw Mountain. On the morning 
of the 15th, we cautiously advanced, and soon came 
npon them in another strong line of works, which we 
were compelled to approach by the toilsome process 
above mentioned, that is, by building successive lines- 
under their constant fire. 

On the I6th, we were so near their main line of for- 
tifications, that all the firing was done from the works,. 
and during the night they again fell back about half a 
mile, and built another line which we approached in 
the same manner during the 17th and 18th, working 
and fighting both day and night. Meanwhile, each day 
aid frequently until late at night, our numerous battc- 
ies were almost constantly employed, and perhaps our 
upcriority in artillery, contributed more effectually 
Han aught else to our success, in driving them from 
ne to line of fortifications. 



xxiE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 170 

• 

About this time, Capt, Simonson, Cliief of Artillery 

of the 4th Corps, was killed by cue of the eneaiy's sharp- 

Iiooters. He was one of the finest artillery oiiicers in 

die army perfectly careless of his porsonal safety, and, 

;eeming not to realize that he was ever in danger, he 

.as constantly exposing himself on the skirmish line, 

d finally fell a victim to his own temerity, at an 

ur when his ever-valuable services were the most 

jeded by the army. His skill and courage, as well 
d his dauntless intrepidity were known throughout the 
a*my,,and he fell covered with glory, deeply lamented 
by every soldier in the Corps to which he belonged. 

On the night of the 18th, the enemy again gave up 
a line of works in our front, and on the following 
morning our Brigade was ordered out in advance, fol- 
loAving . them up. A part of our Regiment was upon 
the skirmish line, when we came upon them, and suffer - 
:1 very severely. Company G wa,s particularly unfor- 
. mate, and had two men killed and seven v/ounded, in- 
the space of a few hours. 

On the 20th, our Regiment was on the front line ?J1 
day, and though there was a constant, and at times a 
very heavy fire kept up, we did not lose a man. 

On the 21st, we moved a little to the right, and far 
enough to the rear to be but of range of the singing 
Minnies, and expected to have at least a day's rest ; 
but soon after noon we were ordered by Col. Gr6se to 
take a position on the front line, where the battle was 
raging furiously, and ere night set in had one man 
killed and several Wounded. 

On the 22nd, our Division moved still further to the 
right, and relieved Gen. Butterfield's Division, of the 
20tli Corps. Here we found very siigljt and imperfect 
works, and ay ere busy all night i.i throwing up a new 
and very strong line, behind which we were destined to 
lie for several days. 

The fight commenced on the 11th of June, still con- 



180 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

tinued almost without cessation, and day after day \vt 
were losing men, and apparently making very slo^y 
progress towards Atlanta. The enemy were lying be- 
hind a very strong line of fortifications, and our lim 
was advanced until so near, that almost all the firin:' 
was done from the works. 

Finally, on the 27th of June, an attempt was made 
to carry the enemy-'s works by assault. The 2nd Divi- 
sion of our Corps, with two Divisions of the l-iu: 
Corps, were to make the charge at 6 o'clock a. m. ; 
but owing to- some mismanagement, the preparations 
for the (fharge were not completed until 9 o'clock, by 
which time in the morning it was excessively hot and 
sultry. The charging column started from our front 
in fine style, but after being more than an hour exposed 
to a withering, murderous fire, found it impossible to 
carry the works ; so the 2nd Division fell back in the 
jrreatest confusion, while a part of the 14th Corps, 
- especially Gen. Davis' Division, took a position within 
iive or six rods of the enemy's line, and there built foi^ 
tifications. Gen. Ilarker was killed in this charge, 
and our loss in ofQcers and m_en was extremely heavy ; 
the whole was a terrible failure, in part, owing to the 
fact that the enemy Were strongly entrenched, and in 
part, it was said, to the fact that so large a number of 
the ofiiccrs engaged in the movement, were on that day 
very much intoxicated. There was an armistice of G.\\. 
hours, in the afternoon, to enable our unfortunate Reg- 
iments to bury their dead, and bring back the wound- 
ed ; and here between the confronting lines, met the 
officers and men of the two- hostile armies, and engag- 
ed in conversation, indulged in pleasantries and jests, as 
though all were friends upon the most amicable terms, 
and not enemies engaged in deadly warfare. 

No advance was made during the week succeeding 
this unfortunate and disastrous charge, but our lines 
were gradually being extended, until on the 2nd day of 



THE ATKAJNTA CAilPAIGN. 181 

July, we were prepared to turn tlic enemy's flank. 
Well knowing the result if tliis maneuver succeeded, 
on the night of the 2nd of Jul}-, Gen. Johnson quietly 
withdrew from our front and retreated towards Atlanta. 
On the morning of the 3rd, our forces advanced, and 
passing through Marietta, came up with the enemy 
about five or six miles East of that place, near what is 
known as ''Hough Station." The works abandoned by 
the enemy in front of Kenesaw Mountain, Avere as 
strong as we have ever seen constructed, and had it not 
been for the flanking movement, the skilful rebel Gen- 
eral could have held us in check there, as long as he 
chose. The position which the rebels had upon Kene- 
saw Mountain, which is an isolated peak in the midst 
of a rough broken country, enabled them to discover 
every movement our forces vrere making, and was besides 
one of the finest imaginable positions, for heavy artil- 
lery. But they were at last forced from this strong- 
hold, and Marietta was in our possession. It is a beau- 
tiful town of about two thousand, or possibly twenty- 
five hundred inhabitants, situated on very high land 
about twelve miles from the Chattahootchie River, and 
twenty miles nearly Northwest from Atlanta. 

On the evening of July 3rd, as above stated, wc 
came upon the enemy strongly entrenched, and ap- 
proaching as near as possible, we immediately pi-ocecd- 
ed to erect a line of fortifications. On the morning of 
the 4th, an advance was made, and the outer line of 
the enemy's works, scarcely more than ordinary rifle- 
pits, were taken without much difficulty. Several of 
our best batteries were now hastily placed in position, 
and there was an almost uninterrupted roar and thun- 
der of artillery for several hours. Finally, about 3 
o'clock p. m., our Division charged, not with the inten- 
tion of carrying the works, but to secure and hold a 
position so near them, that the rebels would be speedi- 
ly compelled to evacuate. Our Brigade (3d) was in the 



182 HISTOHY OF THE REGIMENT. 

front line, in this splendid charge, which was entirely 
successful ; and our line of works was that evening 
thrown up, only about three or four hundred yards dis- 
tant from that of the enemy.. The whole loss of the 
-Division in making this charge, was about one hun- 
dred killed and wounded, of whom sixty-six belonged 
to the third Brigade. Though our Regiment on this 
occasion, charged at least half a mile across"an open 
field, part of the time in plain view of the enemy, 
strange to say, not a single man was severely or seri- 
ously wounded. This was probably owing to the fact, 
that they were not in full view, until they reached the 
top of the ridge, nearly half way across the field; and 
from this time until they were safe in the intervening 
hollow or gulley, though the shells fell thick and fast, 
they invariably struck in the roar of the Regiment, as 
it rapidly descended the slope or hill. The enemy's 
gunners could not depress their pieces fast enough to 
strike our line moving on the "double quick" or faster, 
Maj. Cox, of our Regiment, was struck upon the leg in 
tlie charge, but his boot being very hard and dry, broke 
the force of the ball ; and though it penetrated through 
his boot and sock, it did him no serious injury. This 
Avas his second narrow escape on the campaign. Only 
a few days before ho had been struck upon the breast, 
and his steel plated vest turned aside the fatal mi£sile,and 
saved his life. 

On the morning of the 5th, the enemy having with- 
drawn during the night, our Division advanced and 
fouiKl them safely lodged in strong works, near the 
Railroad bridge across the Chattahootehie. The larger 
part of the rebel army had crossed the river, but Gen. 
Hardee's corps took a very strong podition on the West 
side, and for several d.iys maintained it against the Di- 
visions who were advancing upon it. Our Division turn- 
o(. the left, a mile c"' more, and found tkat in our 
frojvi, there was no enemy upon this side of the river: 



THE ATLANTA CA]\irAiaN. L^cJ 

yet they Avere in force on the bhiffs opposite us, and a 
constant skirmish fire was kept up across the stream. 

On the evening of the 7th, at least fifty pieces of 
lieavy artillery were brought to bear upon Gen. Har- 
tlec's stronghold, and for two hours there was a most 
terrible and terrific roar and thunder of artillery, mak- 
ing the :Mr fairly throb or pulsate, or producing such 
an eifecfupon the nerves, that many persons believed 
tliey felt the concussions. 

On the 10th, our Corps crossed the Chattahootchie 
Kiver, and encamped upon a high bluff" only a few hun- 
dred yards from it, where they remained for several 
days to rest and receive supplies. The whole army in 
the course of the week, encamped along the rivey, to 
enjoy A slight respite from the severe labors of the 
campaign, ere the assault was made upon the strongly 
fortified city of Atlanta. 



^^^^^^ 



i^^^^^^^i^s:;^-^^- 






CHAPTER XIV. 

THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN FEOM THE CHATTAHOOTCHIE T^ 
LOYEJOY STATION — AND EETUEN TO ATLANTA, 

For more than sixty clays, tlie grand army advanc- 
ing upon Atlanta, under command of Gen. Sliermaii- 
had been almost incessantly in action. Week aftc- 
week the men had constantly worked npon fortifier 
lions, throwing np line after line as the overpowerc 
enemy gave way, and stubbornly yielded up stronp- 
hold after stronghold ; week by v^'eek the roar of lu 
tillery had scarcely ceased, and there had probabl 
not been a day since the campaign opened, whc; 
there- was not heard the sharp rattle, clatter and crasi 
of musketry, or an intermittent straggling fire upcr 
the skirmish line of the contending armies. 

The enemiy were now supposed to be direatly ii' 
our front, between the Chattahootchie River, and 
Atlanta ; but when the 23d corps s^Yung round to 
the left, and crossed the Chattahootchie near Ross- 
well, they found no considerable force to oppose 
them. A day or two afterwards the 4th Corps cross- 
ed at Powers' Ferry, and taking position on the rig] ; : 
of the 23d Corps, tlu'ew up a line of works, not b;- 
cause there was a force immediately in front, but t 
be certainly able to repel any attack that might he 



MAECH TO LOVEJOY STATION. 185 

made ; and here on tlie East side of the river, these 
Corps laid in camp and rested, from the 12th until 
the IStli day of Jnly. Never was a few days rest 
more imperiously required, or gratefully received by 
an army, than the one now lying upon the banlcs of 
this rapid river, which glided by, almost in a torrent, 
from the high ranges of mountains far to the North- 
vrard. The men were very much wearied and worn 
down by the tremendous amount of labor, they had 
in so many successive weeks been required to i>er- 
form ; and now it was [Midsummer, and the heat dur- 
ing most of the day was insuft'erably intense; but while 
resting, they could each morning or evening, bathe in 
the swift mountain stream, and engage in the innu- 
jnerable sports and pastimes, that are sure to fill up 
tlio interstices, in the toilsome life of a soldier. 

Each morning and evening, hundreds flocked to 
banks of the river, and[in swimming and fi&hing, were 
as gay and hght-hearted, as any group of school-boys 
could be enjoying a holiday or vacation. 'VY^.r-wOrn 
and bronzed by the fierce rays of a Southern sun, they 
had not yet met with any reverses, that could damp- 
en their ardor, or depress their spirits : nor dick the 
prospect of a severe and perhaps awfully bloocly strug- 
gle, for the possession of the gate city, of the South, 
(wliich all realized was impending.) for a single mo- 
ment check the rude and hilarous mirth and festivity, 
of this brief season of repose. Besides being of great 
benefit to the army at this time, by giving the men- 
time to recruit then* overtaxed energies ; a slight 
check in the advance of this irresistable army was 
necessary, to enable all to be well supplied with new 
clothing, and have their equipments thoroughly re- 
fitted. " 

And here, in passing, we cannot omit to note the 
: aarkable energy, that was dis^ilayed tlii'oughout 



180 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

tliis wonderful campaign, in bringing forward an 
abundant quantity of supplies, of every name, kind 
and description. Though the army at this time, 
iiuisthave numbered at least a hundred thousand 
men, and every 2:)article of supplies, rations, forage, and 
ammunition, had to be brought forward over a single 
lino of Railroad ; there was never any scarcity, and 
the army was never better provided v\-ith everything 
needful, than on its triumphant march from Tunnel 
Hill to the city of Atlanta. Thanks to the indefa- 
tigable Gen. Sherman ! While he was throwing the 
whole power of his wonderful military ability and ge- 
nius, into the contest at the front; he had selected 
able assistants, before the campaign commenced, to 
procure, prepare and hurry forward the indispensable 
supplies, daily needed by his great army. And now 
while a few days invigorating rest, was being enjoy- 
ed by the army along the banks of the Chattahoo- 
tcliie, an extra amount of ammunition and rations, 
was being brought up, lest some delay in procuring 
them might transpire, and indefinitely defer the re- 
duction of the immensely fortified "gate city." 

Sleanwhile, the enemy finding their position neai- 
the Railroad Bridge West of the river, no longer ad- 
vantageous or even tenable,' had withdrawn acros: 
the river ; and soon the 20th Corps, as well as the 
wliole of the army of Tennessee, under Gen. 3IcPher- 
son, stealthily sliifted in their position to the left, an^ 
crossed the river in the neighborhood of Rosswel' ;, 
leaving only the valiant 14th Corps t(^ (^r.iriVont tlu 
raain rebel army upon the direct lir the Rail- 

road towards Atlanta. 

By ilie 17th of July, Gen. McPherson's forces hnr 
taken a position on Gen. Schofield's (23d C<:)J'ps) Ict't., 
and every preparation was completed for rcnc^vir ■ 
the terrible contest. So on the morning of 



IklARCIi TO LOYEJOY STATION, 187 

tiic main body of the army advanced, and tkongli 
there was a biisk skirmish kept n}) all the time, no 
very serious resistance \\a& met with, until most of 
our forces came to Peach Tree Creek, about seven 
miles from the City. On the same day the 14th 
Corps crossed, and driving steadily back the divisions 
stationed to resist their progress, eftected a junction 
with the right of the 14th Corps, and at night the 
wliole army was occupying a strong position in an al- 
most unbroken line. North and Northwest of the 
great citadel. 

On the 19th, but a slight advance was made by the 
4th Corps, for tl>e enemy were strongly intrenched 
in our front, and the design was only to press them 
constantly at this point, while Gen. McPherson push- 
ed around still further toward the left, and threateii- 
ed tlieir Raih'oad connnunication with Augusta via 
Decatur. 

On the 20tli, a part of our Division crossed Pcacli 
Tree Creek, and part were employed most of the day 
in rebuilding a bridge across it, so that our artillery 
could cross. Du]"ing the day our Regiment having 
crossed the creek, advanced on the skirmish line, 
and charging the rebel rifle-pits, took prisoners tlieir 
entire picket or skirmish line in our front, with the 
loss of only four men wounded. That night Lieut. 
Provine, of com])any B, was taken prisoner, on our 
])icket line, while endeavoring to connect ours with 
the picket lilies of the 77th ilegt. Pa. Yet. A'ols. 
Our Division during the night, threw up a sti-ong 
line of works, and on the 21st, advanced their lines 
about two hundred yards by sharp and almost con- 
stant fighting. I'he 28d Corps had by this time ad- 
vanced so far towards Decatur, tluit they had posses- 
sion of the Railroad tOAvard Augusta, and Gen. Mc- 
P])orR"i) -vvas far beyond them, and coming in upon 



188 IIlSTOPtY OF THE REGIMENT. 

Atlanta, on the South side of the xVngusta Raih'oa.d. 

On the mornhig of July 22d, an advance of the 
whole line was ordered, and by the right wing and 
center of our arrav, no very desperate resistance was 
encountered ; but on the extreme left, Gen. Hood, 
who had a few days previous superseded Gen. John- 
son, in the command of the rebel army, massed his 
forces heavily and struck McPherson's army upon the 
flank, witli tremendous energy and etfect. 

Gen. ]jiIcPherson was killed, almost at the begin- 
ning of the engagement, and the command of the ar- 
my of the Tennessee devolved upon the brave and 
impetuous Gen. Logan, who succeeded in reforming 
the terribly shattered columns of the loth, IGth and 
17th Corps, forming new lines of battle, under a 
withering fire, and held his position through ^one of 
the most fearful contests of the whole war. The 1;)at- 
tle thus commenced, continued for several hours. Ir 
was perhaps the most desperately contested tield, the 
most awfully sanguinary struggle, of the whole cam- 
])aign ; but our forces valiantly maintained their 
ground, and the rash yet intrepid Gen. Hood, was 
forced to retire to his strong works near the city. 

While this desperate battle was going on to the 
Eastward of Atlanta, the 20th, 4th, and 14th Corps, 
made a very considerable advance, directly upon the 
place from the North and Northwest; and having 
secured strong positions, threw up a heavy line of 
VN'orks about two miles and a half from the city. 
This line of fortifications, was in some places in full 
view of the forts, Avhich crown every hill about and 
near the "Gate City." Having secured this position, 
sutficiently near to harass the enemy in their forts 
and fortifications, with our artillery, no advance was 
attempted for several days ; but the whole efibrt of 
our army was directed, to building a very formidablo 



MARCH TO LOVEJOY ST.iTIOK. 189 

line of eartliworks; and nearl}- a hundred pieces of 

artillery were placed in position, and trained npon tlie 

city, and the enemy's line of works. Soon the heavy 

thunder of artillery, told that the task of reducing 

the almost inpregnable fortress had commenced, and 

while our advance line of skirmishers, in sldrmish 

pits, or "gopher holes" as they were familiarly called, 

■ere keeping up an a,lmost incessant fire of musketry, 

.ly and night; the main body of our troops were ly- 

ig securely behind their strong works, awaiting an- 

iiher of Gen. Hood's ineffectual attempts, to force ns 

;ci,ck to the Clmttahootchie. 

i'roni this time, for more than tour weeks the bom- 
bardment of Atlanta was incessantly continued. The 
vast amount of artillery, wdiicli had been in use duv- 
;g the entire cam]iaign, was constantly employed; 
: nd a large number of very heavy pieces were broughi: 
' \ )rward from Nashville and Chattanooga, to hurl into 
the devoted city, the terribly shrieking elongated 
riiie shot, and an unceasing shower of terror-inspiring 
shells, and shrapnel. Nor was the enemy less busily 
employed. They had scores of heavy pieces, mount- 
ed upon their forts, ' and but for our very strong 
works, ranging from eight to twelve feet in thickness, 
we should have suffered severely. As it was, very 
little damage was done, tliough not a few solid shot 
struck our works, hundreds of shell bu.rst in the ^ir 
above our heads, and a few^ forty-five pound shells 
made a terrible crashing in the woods, generally 
striking at some distance in the rear of our lines. It 
was common for a few men to sit on the main line of 
works, and give the alarm, when a dense volume of 
smoke rolled up from the points, where the enemy 
had their heaviest guns mounted ; and then in an in- 
stant, most of our men w'ould seek the ample shelter 
of the fortifications, and a few seconds later tlis shell 



190 IIIBTOEY OF THE EEGBIENT. 

w^uld come slniekiiig or crasliing past. Occasionally 
ibr several hours, or perhaps for- a part of the day, 
the artillery firing would be discontinued ; but gen- 
erally from sunset until far into the night, tiiere was 
a deep and at times almost deafeuning thunder of ar- 
tillery, playing upon the doomed city. 

Frequently, while thus employed in holding a line 
of fortifications, and skirmishing with the enemy, 
who likewise had a line of skirmish pits, infiont of their 
main line of work.^; a sadden dash or charge would 
be made, and a part of their men, occupying tlie 
"gopher holes," would be taken prisoners. On the 
3d day of August, Capt. Dilworth of company F, 
with a detail of about forty men from companies 
I and K, of our Regiment, together with the usual 
picket detail of twenty-iive men from the Regiment, 
advanced and took possession of the entire skirmish 
line in front of our Brigade, capturing twenty-six 
j:>risoners, without losing a man. It was one of 
the most successful little adventures of the campaign, 
and the brave Captain with the sixty-five resolute 
men of his command, maintained their position in 
the enemy's pits mitil nightfall-; when they were oi- 
dered to withdraw, as it was considered impractic- 
able to attempt to advance the whole line so far, at 
tiiis time. On the 5th, our picket line was again or- 
dered to advance; and made an attempt to do so, but 
witli little success ; for the enemy were prepared for 
those movements, and strongly resisted the i)ro))05ed 
encroachment. One man of our Regiment was killed, 
and two were severely woutided, in thisilly-a(l\ise(l,un- 
successful movement, w'hich originated we are inl'orm- 
cd, with Col. Grose. 

About this time, Oen. Stoneman's famous (;avalry 
oxpedition to the rear of jUlanta, to cut oii the only 
rema.iiiing Railro.'ul, was in progress ; and we dtiilv 



THE RETURN TO ATLANTA. 191 

iiad scores of minors of what lie had done and snfier- 
od. Onr main force was now gradually shifting itr- 
position from the one &st occupied, on the North- 
east and North side of the city, to one on the North- 
west, and to the Westward of it. The line was still 
Miaintained in the first position, but it was greatly 
c?akencd, by the withdrawal of Division after Divi- 
•>n, imtil at last only the 4th Corps remained to 
: :jld it ; while the other several corps were i-emoved 
further toward the left, which was extended far to- 
wards West Point, which lies, six miles Southwest 
of Atlanta. 

About the middle of August, though the shelling 
of Atlanta was not for a day, scarcely for an hour dis- 
continued, active preparations began to be made for 
a movement, but we were scarcely able to ocaijocturo 
in what direction. Gen. Sherman and his iin'incible 
ai-my, had surmounted every obstacle that nature and 
military art could place in his way, until the 
terribly reduced, jet still powerful force lay in front, 
and more than half|^way around tlie "Gate city." This 
ho had found so strongly fortified, that as yet lie had 
ot attempted an assault, but lor a whole, month had 
:cpt an incessant storm of lead and iron hail, 
H .uring upon the city. Was he now going to give 
up the attempt and fall back, or make another of his 
dexterous iiank movements, to force the enemy from 
the remaining strongliold ? Judging from prior 
achievements in this cam})aign, many thought a 
lovement was about to be made to strike the enemy 
pon the flank, or in the rear; yet thousands consid- 
;ed such an attempt altogetljer in:i practicable, as it 
'uld not be done without greatly exposing our Ihie 
f communications, and endangering tlie line of 
Jailroad, over which all our supplies were brought for- 
.\';ivd. The w;^'""^'! ^"jiins were '"■^•'- <^v.,,>,;nw..i .,,.■! 



192 HISTOEY OF THE EEGII\IENT 

tlie best teams put into the supply train, witli the or- 
der to keep constantly on hand, at least ten days sup- 
ply of forage and rations. All surplus baggage that 
had been accumulating at the front line, was sent 
back to the Chattahootchie Eiver, where the trains had 
for a month been parked upon the banks of the 
stream. The arms and accoutrements of the men 
vrere inspected, all men unable to march, were sent to 
the rear, and every preparation indicated innnediate 
action. 

On the night of the 25th of August, the great 
)uovement commenced. The 4th Corps, with the ut- 
most silence marched past the 20th Corps, toward 
the right, and there joining the main body of the army, 
all moved steadily to the AVest and Southwest, direct- 
ly avray from Atlanta. A.t daylight only the 20th 
Corps remained in sight of the enemy's fortiiications; 
and this Corps began immediately to fall back to- 
Avard the river, (^\'hen the enemy came out with a 
heavy reconnoitering force,) as though-it was covering 
the retreat of the main army, back across the Chatta- 
liotchie. Only the 20th Corps remained to guard tlie 
heavy wagon trains, and hold the line of Eailroad 
coumiunications ; while' all the other Corps, were 
marching first to the Southwest and then directly 
Southward,to strike the only remaining Eailroad, from 
Atlanta to Iilacon, in the vicinity of Jonesboro. 
). AYe subsequently learned, that great was the rejoic- 
ing in the beseiged city, when the indomitable Sherman 
Avith his heretofore irresistable army, was found to hv 
falling back, having, as it was supposed, despaired of 
reducing the "Quebec of the South," Though the cit- 
izens, and even a considerable portion of the rebel army, 
might have been entirely misled by the strategy of our 
able Commander, we cannot think the shrewd as- 
tute and energetic Gen. Hood was entirely deceived ; 
for he straio;htwav sent off more than one half of ! is 



THE RETURN TO ATLANTA. 193 

army, along the line of Railroad to Jonesboro and 
Lovejoy Station ; and when our forces came to the Rail- 
road several miles on this side of Jonesboro, they found 
that a large force of the enemy had already passed. 
The work of entirely destroying the Railroad was im- 
mediately commenced, and prosecuted with great ener- 
gy. Miles of it, were in a few hours torn up, the ties 
piled in great heaps, and as soon as the iron could be 
^'Uced upon them they were set on fire. 

On the 1st of September, the whole 4th Corps be- 
ing on the left, was employed in destroying the Rail- 
road; while the 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th and 2 or d Corps 
crossed over it, and came upon the enemy quite strong- 
ly intrenched in neighborhood of Jonesboro, where a 
short engagement at once commenced. The 4th Corps 
was instantly ordered forward, but it was getting dark 
before even the 1st Division, which was in advance, 
could be brought into action. Just at dusk it came 
upon the enemy's right flank, almost at the moment 
that Gen. Davis' Division, of the 14th Corps, charged 
furiously through the woods, carrying the enemy's 
works, and taking several pieces of artillery and several 
hundred prisoners. Could the whole 4th Corps have 
been thrown upon the enemy's right, an hour or two 
earlier in the clay, w^hich would have happened had 
they not been detained so long at work on the railroad, 
the defeat of the rebels at Jonesboro must have become 
a rout, and at least several Divisions would have been 
taken prisoners. As it was, their works were assaulted 
and taken, and they fell back during the night to Lovejoy 
Station, wherethoy again attempted to make a stand, in 
strongly fortified positions. The next day our forces 
advanced upon them, and quite heavy skirmishing en- 
sued; but no attempt was made to take their litie of 
works, and within a day or two our whole army began 
+0 fall back toward Atlanta. 

As soon as the rebel General found that Gen. Sher • 



194 inSTOIlY or THE REGIMENT. 

man was iiiakiug a bold movement towards liis rear, \\c 
had hurried all his available troops in that direction, 
and ordered the destruction of all the array stores, 
munitions of war, etc., etc., Avhich he was unable to re- 
move from Atlanta. On the night of Sept. 1st, four 
large Eailroad trains, loaded principally with ammu- 
nition, were set on fire, and for a few hours the explo- 
sions strongly resembled a heavy artillery engagement. 
The Foundries, Machine shops, and Percussion Cap 
Factory, as well as all the cars and engines in the city 
depot, were also consumed; and when on the 2nd of 
Sept., Gen. Slocum, commanding the 20d Corps, ad- 
vanced from the Chattahootchic lliver, directly upon 
the city, he found the works deserted, and his advance 
into the shell-battered city, was only resisted by an in- 
significant force of cavalry or mounted infantry. 

All the wasron trains lyin";bevondtheChattahootchi(^ 
were immediately ordered forward, and on the 4th, all 
Avere parked in and about the place; while the 20tli 
Corps, took up a defensive position in the fortifications. 
Avhich had so recently been occupied by the enemy. 

Within a few days our whole army returned from 
Jonesboro, and went into camp around the "Gate City 
of the South." On the hist movement of tlie campaign, 
the one which gave us possession of the objective point 
of the campaign, Ave had sustained considerable loss : 
for the fighting at Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station had 
been quite severe; yet hoAV slight it Avas, compared 
Avith the loss Avhich must haA^e been inevitably suffered, 
had an attempt been made to take the city by assault, 
or even by a regular siege. 

Our Regiment in this expedition to Lovejoy Station, 
liad but one man killed and five AVounded, and oiu* lo;: 
Avas probably about as heavy as any Regiment in tin 
Corps. The loss of the 14th Corps was much grc ate ■. 
for ii; Avas in the front of the engagement. The grc;r 
campaign Avas noAV at last completed. For four month 



IN CAMP AT ATLANTA. 10:» 

the crack and rattle of muskctrj, and the fearful thun- 
der of heavy artillery had scarcely ceased ; for four 
months our men had been engaged in building line 
after line of breastworks, and slowly, yet surely, forc- 
ing the enemy back, through a country offering every 
facility for defense ;, and in four months the rebel army 
had not only been forced and driven back over a hun- 
dred miles, but had lost in killed, wounded and priso- 
ners, fully one third of their effective force. Atlanta 
was at last in our possession ; another vital point had 
been taken, but not without a long continued, earnest 
effort, not without great labor and a heavy loss of life. 

Our Kegiment had, during this campaign, built many 
successive lines of fortifications, and when it went into 
camp three miles Southeast of the city, it was estimat- 
ed that wo had thrown up at least ten miles of »strong 
v/orks, since v/e set out on the campaign. The entire 
loss of the Regiment on this severe campaign, we find 
was twelve killed and seventy wounded, of whom six 
subsequently died in hospital. — [See part II.] 

"We have endeavored to describe the movements of 
Gen. Sherman's invincible army, on this great cam- 
paign, and now leave the subject, feeling that the de- 
scription is very imperfect, and that the toils and ef- 
forts, struggles and victories of this season, can never 
be perfectly understood or fully appreciated, except by 
those who were in the army, or possibly those who in 
traveling irona Chattanooga to Atlanta, shall render 
themselves familiar with the geography of the country 
ii> which the "Atlanta campaign" was prosecuted. 



CHAPTER XT. 

VAUP near ATLANTA AND MOVEMENT tIA CHATTANO0-- 
(;.^, nUNTSVILLE, ETC*, TO PULASKI, TENNESSEE. 

Tlie "Gate City" of the South was now in our pos- 
8'ss.iioH, and as our illustrious commander had decided 
not to go immediately forward: the whole army, about 
the Gth day cf September, went into camp in the vicin- 
ity of the city, which ha,d been so immensely fortified, 
and was so impregnable, while garrisoned by a courage- 
ous, determined and valiant army. 

The 23rd Corps was stationed on ttie extreme left 
towards and at Decatur; the 4th Corps was placed about 
three miiles Southeast of the city ; the 14th Corps on 
the Southwest; the IGth and ITth Corps at Rough and 
Ready Station, six miles South of the city ; while the 
20th Corps were camped and quartered in the city, or 
at least inside of the nearest line of fortifications. It 
will be noticed, that although thearray was now perm;; 
nently encamped, it was still in a line of battle, an ui; 
broken line for defense. At this time, the rebel army 
was only ten or fifteen miles South of us, near wher 
the last engagement of the campaign had taken phu-,' 
As- soon as our army encamped in front of AtlanJ:u 
Gen. Sherman issued his famous order to the remaining 
inhabitants, ri^.quiring them to remove to the North- 
ward,, or to go beyond the lines of the enemy in the 



IN CxiMP AT ATLANTA. 197 

feunti'ary direction. This order, which was so long con- 
sidered very oppressive, in some portions of the North; 
and which might never have been fully comprehended, 
had it not been for the subsequent correspondence be- 
tween the commanding Generals of the opposing armies; 
Avas from the outset extremely popular with the army. 
All thinking men situated as we were, could see the ne- 
■cessity for it, while at home the actual situation of our 
army, as well as the condition of the inhabitants yet 
remaining in the captured city, was but very inperfect- 
ly understood. 

The city of Atlanta, in time of its greatest prosper- 
ity, had contained between eight and ten thousand in- 
habitants. Its growth during the first two years of 
the war, had been exceedingly rapid, for it was so nearly 
in the exact center of the whole rebel territory, that very 
few of that deluded and unfortunate people, who en- 
gaged in the rebellion, ever imagined that it might 
eventually fall into the hands of a Northern army. 
Hence, hundreds removed from the coast, as well as 
the border States on the North, to this place of fancied 
security; and it was a growing and prosperous city, 
until long after the towns and cities upon the borders, 
were suffering the untold ravages of civil war. The 
busin-ess portion of the place was very well built, but 
the most noticeable feature, was the unusually large 
number of splendid residences, surrounded by shade 
trees, evergreens, and shrubbery, with lawns and beds 
of flowers, and all the appliances and adornments which 
wealth bestows, when in the hands of those whose taste 
is refined, luxurious or fastidious, and who have never 
thought of it, as representing kbor in a concentrated 
form. Situated as the city is, upon a score of small 
hills or knolls, it offers more numerous beautiful loca- 
tions for palatial mansions, than almost any place we 
have ever visited North or South ; and having besides 
this, the rej)utation of being one of the healthiest places 



198 HISTORY OF THE EEGlMENT. 

in the vfhole country ; it is not strange that many of 
the wealthy class, should have elected to make here a 
lovely, charming and delightful home. 

When our forces took possession of the city, there 
were probably less than four thousand inhabitants re- 
maining ; and these belonged in part to the poorer and 
laboring class, and in part to the most profligate and 
degraded than can infest a city. Most of the wealthy 
class had removed their effects, while our army was ad- 
vancing upon Kenesaw Mountain ; many more had 
hastened to depart as soon as they learned that we were 
across the Chattahootchie River, and v/hen finally our 
shells began to fall thick and fast, bursting through a 
roof here, perforating a wall there, and shivering and 
splintering everything they struck ; there arose a terri- 
ble panic, and nearly all who possibly could, fled from, 
the threatened destruction. Hence, when the city fell 
into our hands, nine-tenths of all that remained, would 
within a single month have become dependent in one 
way or an other, upon the army and the Government 
for support. All army supplies must, meanwhile, con- 
tinue to be brought over a single line of Railroad, so 
long that it could not at every point be constantly 
guarded, and was therefore, liable at any moment to be 
destroyed, or put temporarily out of repair. If the 
Government was required to support these people, it 
was far cheaper to eend them "back to Nashville, and 
even beyond the Ohio River on empty trains, than to 
supply them here. Yet all who desired to take care of 
themselves South of the rebel lines, were permitted to 
do so, and an immediate exodus in one direction or the 
other was required. Considering the circumstances, 
we maintain that if the order for removal did smack of 
military despotism, that it also exhibited the signal 
talent, forethought, and wisdom of its author. 

• "^'■' ns the army was encamped, the mails began 
'" and newspapers^ of which we had 



IN CAMP AT ATLANTA. 199 

been almost entirely deprived for four niontlis, ^vcrc 
daily brought to camp, and read mih tlie deepest inter- 
est. As the great campaign from Chattanooga to At- 
lanta was closing, a political campaign in the North 
was inaugurated ; candidates for the highest office in the 
nation, were again before the people for their suffrages; 
nd though a portion of brave and true men in the 
■'tented field," were still refused the right to exercise 
the glorious privilege of expressing at the polls, their 
opinion as to who should be the Chief Magistrate, they 
intently watched the progress of affairs, with an inter- 
est rather enlivened and increased, than subdued or 
depressed by the wrongful deprivation. The success 
of the truly Union party at the North, was earnestly 
hoped for by almost every soldier in the field ; and had 
it not been for the recent speech of Gen, McCleilan at 
West Point, coupled with his remarkable letter of 
acceptance, scarcely a man in the Federal army would 
have been found upon his side, with all his prestige of 
military and strategic fame. As it was, his admirers 
and friends were not numerous, and the advocates of his 
cause in the Union army, had little to say in public. 

In our Regiment, there was daily some little politi- 
cal discussion, while we were enjoying this delightful 
season of rest; but the sentiment of the Regiment 
was very strongly upon the side of-the great statesman, 
who had already displayed such signal ability in tht 
management of national affairs; and could themenhavf 
voted on November 7th, 1864, not half a dozen atmost. 
and we cannot say certainly, that a single man v/oiriu 
have voted for McCleilan and Pendleton. 

While in this camp, quite a number from our J^^cgi 
ment obtained furloughs, and enjoyed the rare pleasure 
of visiting their homes and friends, and seeing agai]'. 
the happy condition of the people, in a land over which 
the fearful simoon of civil war had not swept, fraught 
with distress, misery and desolation. TVk mows o' 



TririTOKY OF THE EEGBlENT 

Uon. ciicriaan's great victory in the Shenandoah Val^ 
ley, received about this time, called forth loud shouts 
of joy and exultation ; and the final success of Gen„ 
Grant in Virginia, at no distant day, was confidently 
predicted. 

In purguing the history of our Eegiment, we have 
heretofore omitted to notice the promotion of three 
commissioned c'^'fcers, which took place in the Spring 
of 1864. Assistant Surgeon McDill was promoted to 
Surgeon, and permanently transferred; becoming Sur- 
geon of the 80th Regt. III. Vols., which had several 
months previous been attached to the 3rd Brigade. 
Our Hospital Steward, Frank Hunter, was promoted 
to fill the place vacated by Surgeon McDiil; and 1st 
Sergt. W. H. Galbraith, was promoted to 1st Lieut, of 
company K, in place of Lieut. Mills, who resigned 
while we were encamped at Blue Springs, before enter- 
ing upon the great campaign. 

Dr. Hunter was highly esteemed and rapidly secur- 
ing popularity as a Surgeon, during the first month he 
acted in this capacity fof the Regiment ; when about 
the middle of September, he received notice to appear 
before a certain Corps Board of Surgeons, for exami- 
nation. As he had been e:samined by the Illinois 
State Board, prior or rather preparatory to receiving 
his commission, he declined t?) respond, and denied the 
authority of this sxmj Board to summon him before it. 
Finally, when their singular dt^iand was insisted upon, 
he resigned, giving this mode' of treatment as his rea- 
son for wishing to learve the service. His resignation 
was immediately accepted ,'^yed tape' achieved a sig- 
nal victory, and vie were needlessly deprived of 
the valuable services of an able and efScient officei. 
Our llegiment after recovering from the innumerable 
hardships,and fatigue incident to the closing marches and 
battles of the campaign, again became very healthy. 
Very l"ew responded to the Surgegn's morning call, and 



IN CAMP AT ATLANTA. 201 

the few "who did come forward to be excused from duty, 
were not seriously afflicted. 

The usual number of reports and rumors were con- 
stantly afloat in camp, and the army toward the close 
of the month, having rested and recruited, was begin- 
ning to feel anxiouB to go forward into or through the 
heart of the confederacy ; when the news came ^that 
Gen. Hood was moving rapidly toward our rear, or at 
least sending a cDnsidera,ble force t© cut off our sup- 
plies. A part of the 15th Corps was immediately sent 
to Rome, Ga., and a day or two later, the 14th Co.^.:: 
took the cars for Chattanooga. A considerable force 
was still left at and around Atlanta, until al)#it the 
first of October; when the 4th and 23rd Corps mo.rched 
from their camps East of the city, back towards Chat- 
tanooga. On reaching Ackworth, they found that the 
enemy had made a heavy attack upon that point, but 
had been repulsed with great loss ; and learned that the 
main body of Gen. Hood's army was now moving to 
the Westward, and was already beyond the Allatoona 
Mountains. 

Our celumn pressed forward in the same direction, 
following the wagon road near the Railroad, and con- 
stantly hearing of the enemy, at no great distance 
ahead. When near Kingston, our Division was or- 
dered to Rome, and made a forced march to that 
place ; but soon after its arrival, w-as ordered imme- 
diately to rejoin the corps, by the road leading direct- 
ly from Rome to Calhoun or Reseca. Gen. Hood, 
with his infantry force was by this time at Reseca, 
and his cavalry force was threatening Dal ton; which was 
held only by a few Regiments of colored troops. 
From Reseca, he passed through Snake Creek Gap, 
and our Division was here so closely ])ursmng him, 
that having taken a by-road and climbed to the sum- 
mit of Rocky Face Ridge, the rear of the rebel army 
was in full view, and the rear-guard not over two 



209. HISTORY OF THE REGI.MENT. 

miles distant Yet no attack was ordered, and the 
whole rebel army moved oi±' toward the Southwest, 
probably to pass or ascend the ranges of the Pigeon and 
Sand ]\Ioiintains ; and our forces passing throngh the 
gap, marched toward Gaylesville, Ala. Under the 
special orders of Gen. Sherman, we were living al- 
most entirely upon provisions from the country, and 
foraging hea\dl3^ upon the rich valleys in this vicinity. 
This march^^and the abundant supply of sweet pota- 
toes and fresh meat, foraged from the country, will 
long be remembered by the men of our Regiment. 
The}' i^ijoyed at this time, the finest and richest -liv- 
ing, they ever had while in tlie service. 

But this fine li^-iug, was for a period of very brief 
duration. Speedily the order came to march direct- 
ly to Chattanooga, now about seventy miles distant; 
and at the end of three days, we again reached this 
great Military Depot. Here we were not long de- 
tained, considering the large force, now Deing witli 
all speed removed towards Huntsville. We encam])- 
ed near the foot of Lookout Mountain and rested two 
days, hourly expecting to be ordered to take the train. 
-Finally when all was in readiness, we clambered aboard 
and moved slowly down around the bend of tlie river, 
almost underneath the towering mountain ; thence 
si)ed across the valley, and through the pass in the 
Raccoon Mountains to AVhiteside, whci'c wc had some 
toil months ])efore been encamped. 

About Chattanooga, as well as along this route, 
many faniiliar objects met the eye, and scores of inci- 
dents were reJated, that had transpired when we were 
here ]>efore. At Stevenson we took the branch of 
the Railroad leading to Decatur, which for at least 
twelve miles, runs through an almost continuous 
SM'amp, US dark and gloomy as the far-famed jungles 
of Hindostan. lint ni^bt came on, and we had no 



UX THE :^IAECH. 203 

opportunity to observe the comitry, in this the ex- 
treme Northern portion of Alabama. Passing in the 
night the ruins of the town of Larkinsville, and the 
beautiful Kttle city of Huntsville; we reached the Ten- 
nessee River again and Decatur, early in the morning, 
and proceeded directly to Athens Ala ; which we 
found deserted by the troops, which had for some 
months garrisoned the place. They had evidently 
left in great haste, for CommissaryStores ot con- 
siderable value had been abandoned, and as our 
Brigade was the lirst to reach the deserted camp, tl).e 
men had a fine opportmiiry to replenish their haver- 
sacks. 

At this pleasant town, we remained two clays 
awaiting orders, and had in the meantime,' the pleas- 
ure of seeing and visiting the somewhat celebrated 
Female Seminary, here established and successfully 
conducted by Mrs. Cliilds. The town has suffered 
severely by the war, as it has been several times suc- 
cessively occupied, by each army ; but both armies 
were very careful not to inflict the terrible ravages 
of war upon the grounds, buildings, or furnitm-e of 
tliis noble institution of learning. Se^-^ral officers of 
our Ilegiment visited the Seminary building, and 
Avere received with every mark of genuine pohteness, 
that a talented, refined and higldy educated lady 
could bestow. All who saw ]Mi-s. Childs, came away 
im])ressed, with a profound respect for the ability and 
talents of lady proprietor, an admii'ation of the charui- 
ing taste that was manifested in the adornment of the 
rooms ; yea, with a feeling in their heart?, akin to 
veneration, for an Institution, around which there 
was such an atmosphere, that even rude and b'nster- 
ous soldiers would stop ere they commenced the 
work of devastation and destraction, and finally turn 
aside, resolving not to be the fii'st, wlio with ruthless 



204 HISTOHY OF THE REGIMENT. 

hand should infringe and desecrate the sanctuary, 
dedicated to the education and refinement of the 
better portion of humanity. 

Two days hard marching to the Northward, over 
a rough broken country, upon roads now rendered 
sHppery and muddy by the frequent rains, brought 
us to the woe-stricken town of Pulaski, Tenn. The 
Railroad between Athens and Pulaski had been de- 
stroyed, and now all the troops that had garrisoned 
the places South of Pulaski, were withdrawn ; for 
Cren. Hood was by this time concentrating a heavy 
force on the South side of the Tennessee River, in 
the vicinity oi Tuscumbia or Florence, Ala., and was 
threatening speedily to march up through Middle 
Tennessee to Nashville. 

The 4th Corps, now went into camp upon the rug- 
ged hills North of the town, and the 23d Corps took 
position a little further to the Northward. All the 
remaining corps of Gen. Sherman's invincible army, 
were again speedily making their way back to Atlan- 
ta : while Gen. Thomas was to command in his old 
Department, and hold these two Corps as an army of 
observation upon the movements of Gen. Hood. 

Within a few days, the wagon trains which had 
]>een left at Chattanooga, came up via Decherd Sta- 
tion ; and our Division set to work to build Winter 
<|uarters, and to throw up strong fortifications upon 
the l>leak hills adjacent to the wai'-desolated town. 

There now began to be constant talk of pay, and 
never perhaps during the progress of the whole war, 
had any army been longer neglected in this respect. 
Shortly before starting out on the Atlanta campaign, 
it was re})orted that Gen. Thomas had ordered the 
immediate payment, of all the troops of his command, 
which had been last paid in February. But ere the 
Rolls could be thoroughly examined, and liefore the 



ON THE ]\IiVRCH. 205 

payment actually commenced, the army moved upon 
Dalton; and from that tune until the campaign closed, 
and the army encamped at Atlanta, there was no op- 
portunity given for attending to this very important 
business. At Atlanta, the prospect of payment was 
brightening, when the movement toward Jthe rear 
commenced, and now almost every officer and man in 
the army, was clamoring for the eight months pay due 
him. Every two months, Pay Rolls had been made out 
and forwarded, and now it seemed there would be a 
brief refepite from movements or action, in which the 
soldiers could receive their just due, and forward to 
their needy families at home, the long delayed remit- 
tances. 

About the 15th of November, only eight or ten 
days after these corps reached Pulaski, the Paymas- 
ters arrived; and very shortly afterward, the pay- 
ment of the troops commenced. On the 16th, our 
llegiment was paid ; and such a day for settling ac- 
counts and paying debts, we had never seen. Nearly 
every man in the Regiment was owing the Sutler, 
and scores who had on the early part of the Atlanta 
campaign, plenty of money to use and to loan, ere 
this had been forced to borrow, or obtain credit with 
our own, and neighboring Sutlers ; until nearly all 
were awfully in debt. Thousands of dollars changed 
hands several times that day, before all accounts were 
settled. It was a lucky day for sutlers, for now most 
ot their long standing, and in many cases heavy bills 
were speedily paid. 

Within twenty four hours after being paid, nearly 
every man in our Regiment, had sent home a portion 
of his surplus funds — or was }U'eparing to send. Now 
for the lirst time since the organization ol the Regi- 
inent, was a "chuck luck" bank set in operation in 



206 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

our camp ; and the lovers of a " social game ot 
poker," permitted almost without rebuke, to en- 
joy their favorite pastime. 

Col. Waters had been for some weeks commanding 
the Brigade, and of course could not exercise his usu- 
al vigilance and control, over his Regiment, or, we 
venture to say, all gambling would have been speedi- 
ly stopped. Our Regiment was at this time, largely 
represented at Brigade Headquarters ; for Surgeon 
Kyle had at Atlanta, become Chief Surgeon of the 
Brigade, and Capt. Etvin Topographical Engineer. 

We had now, daily rumors of the movements of 
Gen. Hood, yet it was thought scarcely probable 
that he would, so late in the season, enter upon a 
campaign into Tennessee. Yet only a da}'^ or two af- 
ter we were paid, reliable information was received, 
that he was crossing the Tennessee River at Florence, 
'and the whole cavalry force in this Department, was 
kept constantly busy in Avatching his movements. 

On the 21st, it was ascertained that he was ad- 
vancing with a heavy column upon the pike from 
Florence, via Lawrenceburg, towards Columbia, and 
immediate preparations were made to move in the 
same direction. The sick were sent by Railroad to 
Nashville, and those who for want of shoes, or for any 
other reason were unable to march, were sent as far 
iis Columbia by Railroad, there to await the coming 
of their several Divisions. 

Winter quarters, which had not been three days 
i>efore completed, and in some cases which were not 
half iinished, w^e saw must very shortly be aljandon- 
ed; for Hood was determined to forage upon, and 
supply his army from the rich counties of 3Iiddlc 
Tennessee, and the 4th and 23d Corps Averc not sutil- 
ciently strong to resist his progress. The preparations 
for a marcli were eonduetod with the greatest ])<^»ssi- 



ON THE lilARCH. 



207 



ble celerity, and on the 23d day of November, tlie re- 
treat froiii Pulaski towards Nashville commenced ; 
but of that, and its hardships and trials in another 
Chapter. 




CHAPTER XVI. 

RETREAT TOWARDS NASHVILLE, AND BATTLE OF FRANK- 
LIN. 

On the 22nd of November, marching orders were 
received at Pulaski ; but such a vast quantity of stores 
liad been accumulated at the Depot, that it was found 
impossible to move within twenty-four hours, with- 
out incurring a very severe loss. Heavy details were 
immediately ordei^ed from our Brigade, to load upon 
the cars, the surplus commissary and ordnance stores, 
and trains were loaded almost every hour. On the 
morning of the 23d, the order came to the Regiments, 
to march at 12 o'clock, and before the hour arrived, 
everything about our camp was in readiness ; the 
rank and tile had packed their knapsacks; the wagon 
trains were loaded, and still there was a vast quantity 
of ammimition at the Depot, that could only be re- 
moved on the Cars. 

'About 1 o'clock the troops began to move, and 
Cob Waters now commanding the 3d Brigade, Ist 
Division, was ordered to remain at the De}iot, and 
load all trains that came, until midnight. Before 
fore dark, the whole army, except the 3d l^rigade 
and a small force of cavalry, were on the pike leading 
to Columbia, followed by the indispensable eneum- 



! 



RETHEA^ TOWAEDS NASMVILLE. 20^ 



lorance of an army — a heavily loaded wagon train 
Until midnight, Col. Waters with his Brigade, was 
employed in loading trains, and tinally had to destroy 
several thousand rounds of armnuni.tion. Hourly, 
reports were brought in from the cavaby, that the 
enemy were only four miles distant, and ready to 
make an attack. About 2 o'cldck, a. m. htiving complet- 
ed, as far as possible the work of loading what could be 
transported, and destroying the remainder; Col. Wa- 
ters started with his Brigade to overtake the :iiaiu 
body of the Corps, and take the position of rear-guard 
behind the wagon train. 

A few hours steady marching brouglit us up to the 
rear of the trains, ^vhich had mov^ed vmy slowly dur- 
ing the night, and were at daylight, only in the 
neighborhood of Lynnvilie, and stiii about eighteen 
miles from Columbia. Soon after sunrise the rebel 
cavalry came m sight, and began to skirm.ish with the 
rear-guard. The wagon trains were now hurried 
forward with the greatest possible speed ; while each 
side of the road was lined with negroes, of all ages 
and sizes, bearing all sorts of burdens of household 
goods ; and fleeing in consternation from the rapidly 
advancing enemy, who were now constantly skir- 
mishing with our rear-guard, which alone could 
save them from capture. The enemy did not seem 
inclined to press the rear-guard very severely, gene- 
rally keeping out of range of our far-reaching En- 
helds, and only now and then dashing iip, as if about 
to begin an attack. Before we reached Columbia, 
the enemy had come in so closly upon the left, that 
only a narrow ridge intervened ; the other two Brig- 
ades of the Division had been left to assist ours in 
getting in with the wagon trains ; and we could hear 
a constant report of small arms, in the lively skir- 
mishing, carried on by our cavalry. 



no HLSTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

About four o'clock, on the evening of the 24th, our 
Brigade reached Columbia^ having marched tliirty- 
three miles within thirteen hours, without halting 
for rest or refreshment, and more than half the dir> 
tance, carrying on a constant skirmish with the ene- 
my's cavalry. 

The troops which had preceded us, that is, the 23d 
Corps, and the 2d and 3d Divisions of the 4tli Corps; 
had by this time thrown up a line of works, and were 
ready for the attack by the main body of Gen. Hood's 
ai'my, which was coming up on the Lawrenceburg 
pike, and had been pushing forward with all speed to 
reach Columbia, before we did. The wagon trains 
were immediately sent across Duck river, where there 
were thousands of negroes alread}'- assembled, we can- 
not say encamped, who were making their exodus 
from the fluctuating borders of the Southern Confed- 
eracy. 

On tlie 25th and 26th, there was constant skir- 
mishing, and each night our forces were changing 
])osition, keeping in front of the enemy who seemed 
determined to turn our left flank. 

On the 27th, all the wagon trains moved to Frank- 
lin, but Gen. Schofield who v/as in command of both 
Corps, adopting a piece of strategy similar to that 
which distinguished Gen. Banks at Sabine Cross Roads, 
ordered all back to the neighborhood of the troops, 
the same night. It was in vain that Gen. Stanley re- 
monstrated. So the next day, the trains all returned, 
and rejoined the troops near Rutherford Crefek ; the 
whole army, meanwhile having fallen back across 
Duck River, and left Columbia in possession of tlic 
rebels. 

On the morning of the 29th", Gen. Schofield with 
Gen. Cox's Division of the 23d Corps, which were 
lying on our extreme left, moved directly to I'ranklin; 



RETREAT TOWARDS NASHVILLK -' 

and Gon. Stanley with the 2d Division of the 4tii 
Corps, started for the same point, via Spring Hill, 
followed by the immense wagon trains of both Corps, 
and the artillery Brigade of the 4th Corps, The 1st 
and 3d Divisions of the 4th Corps, as the orders were 
originally given, w^ere to follow up the trains, while- 
Gen. Rugar's Division of the 23d Corps, was to cover 
the retreat. But here again Gen. Schofield changed 
the programme, by ordering Gen. Rugar immediately 
to Franklin; thus throwing upon Gen. Stanley and his 
Corps, all the danger risk and responsibility of effect- 
ing the retreat ; encumbered by very large and heavi- 
ly loaded trains. So, the 1st and 3d Divisions were 
halted at Rutherford Greek until evening, having as 
it v,'as supposed, the whole rebel army to contend 
with ; wdiile in fact that army was making a forced 
march to turn our left flank, and cut us off from 
Franklin, at Spring Hill. 

A little after noon Gen. Stanley reached Spring 
Hill, twelve miles South of Franklin, and found the 
enemy closely pressing in on his right, apparently in- 
tendhig to strike the same point. In a moment he 
discovered his danger, and dispatched courier after 
courier to the rear, to hurry forward his other Divi- 
sions ; but they were by Gen. Schoiield's order, re- 
quu'cd to remain till dark at Rutherford Creek. The 
2d Division was speedily placed in line of battle, in 
front ot the enemy, who v/ere nov/ coming forward 
from the Southeast, apparently in heavy massed col- 
umns, their cavalry having taken possession of the 
pike toward Franklin. The wagon trains were hastily 
parked in compact masses, in the town; and almost 
at the moment the rear of the trains reached the 
place, the attack was commenced on the 2d Division, 
by three or four Divisions of the enemy. 

The 2d Division fought nobly, but having less than 



2i2 llISl^ORY OF toE REGIMEKT. 

six thousand men, was able to oppose but a strong 
skirmish line, to the advance of the main body of the 
rebel armv. Slowly and steadily our lines were 
forced back, and now Gen. Stanley, as calm and self- 
possessed as if conducting a Review, began to show 
his signal abilit}^, in the moment of the most pressing 
danger. Battery after battery was thrown into posi- 
tion, and brought into play, and helped to sustain the 
already depleted and wavering columns of the devot- 
ed 2d Division. 

It was by this time, getting to be late in the after- 
noon, and the thunder of olir artillery became an 
incessant and deafening roar. Having a "svhole 
Brigade of artillery at command, and the country al- 
fording several most excellent positions for our henvv' 
batteries, Gen. Stanley was able to check the strong 
columns, which the rebel Generals were now urging 
forward. Every moment the peril of our compara- 
tively small force, was becoming more imminent. 
We were being speedily surrounded, for the enemy 
had closed in upon the pike by w4iich wc came; and 
in order to make our front line equal in length to 
theirs, a battery w^as placed on our extreme right, 
several hundred yards distant from the infantry, and 
of course Vv'holly without support. 

As night was throwing her sable mantle o'er the dis- 
mal scene, the enemy made one more desperate charge^ 
but our numerous batteries, at some points wholly un- 
supported by infantry, hurled them back in the great- 
est confusion; As they withdre\7, the firing gradually 
ceased, and after it was fairly dark, only a straggling 
skirmish fire was maintained. Our position was now 
one of terrible suspense. The train could only be de- 
fended while closely parked — the road to Franklin was 
held by the enemy's cavalry — an immensely superior 
force was only waiting till the dawn of day to renew 
the attack, having already cut us off from the other 



BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 21^ 

Divisions of the Corps. We had been astonished that 
the enemy brought no artillery into piny, but subse- 
quently learned that it was delayed in crossing a stream 
or swamp, and did not come up till some time in the 
night. Every man now realized that unless succor 
came within a few hours, a surrender was inevitable. 

About one o'clock, sharp skirmish firing commenced 
on the road t'oward Columbia, and a joyful yet sup- 
pressed cheer instantly rang through the town. We 
knew that a force was coming — could it possibly 
reach us ! Soon the firing ceased, and Gen. lingers' 
Division, which had been detained somewhere Soutli of 
lis, began to pass by, going directly onward toward 
Franklin. As soon as this Division passed, all the 
trains were hurried into the road, and such a crowding, 
jamming and banging of teums and trains, urged for- 
ward by hundreds of teamsters, all cursing and whip- 
ping their faithful mules, perhaps never before contrib- 
uted to make a night hideous. 

The 4th Corps were now to cover the wagon trains 
to Franklin, and in order to do this eftcctually, a strag- 
gling column had to march beside the road, upon which 
the trains were crowding along, two teams abreast. As 
soon as it was fairly light, tlie enemy's cavalry began 
to dash in upon the retreating column ; and at every 
dash, of course, caused a panic and stampede in the 
trains ; but the warm reception given these raiders by 
our veteran Divisions, soon caused them to desist. 
When the sun rose, the 1st Division was about six 
miles from Franklin ; which place it reached about 
noon ; and was immediately thrown iiito line of battle. 
By half past two, the rear of our column came up, and 
all the trains were immediately sent across the Harpetli 
River, while all the troops were at Avork with the great- 
est energy, constructing a line of works on the tSoutli 
side of the town. 

' The 23rd Corps, which had arrived first, by three 



n4 HISTOKY OF THE REGIMENT 

o'clock in the afternoon, had a very strong line of 
works, from the Spring Hill pike Eastward to the 
B,iver. The line of the 4th Corps' from the same pike to 
the Vf estward, was much less formidable, as this portion 
of the army had but a few hours, to devote to its con- 
.-^truction. _ 

In about an hour after our rear guard reached Frank- 
lin, and before our , fortifications were completed, the 
enemy came in sight in heavy force ; advancing in three 
columns over the high hills immediately South of the 
town, down into the valley in our front — and more 
properly into the valley of the Harpeth, in which we 
were lying — where they immediately began deploying 
into lines of battle, and making preparations for a 
charge. 

All the wagon trains, except those loaded with am- 
munition, were now ordered to start directly for Nash- 
ville. Gen. Schofield took a safe position, upon an em- 
inence on the North side of the River, while Gen. 
Stanley Avas Vfith the army on the South side, in front 
of the town. About four o'clock, the enemy came up 
with several successive lines, and with triple lines of 
battle charged our 6enter, upon, or a little to the East- 
ward of the Spring Hill pike. A few of our Batteries 
which had been retained, (most having been sent tov/ard 
Nashville with the wagon train,) opened upon them as 
soon as they came within range, and kept up a con- 
stant fire with shell, grape and canister ; and when they 
came within rifle range of our works, volley after vol- 
ley T^-as poured in, sweeping down hundreds, but scarce- 
ly checking the charging column or causing it to waver. 
On, on directly toward our center, came Cheathams' 
and Claiborne's veteran Divisions, commanded by the 
resolute, unflinching Claiborne. Eor a few moments, it 
seemed as though they were destined to reach our 
works, so unflinchingly did they endure the most galling 
and destructive fire, the leaden and iron rain of minnie^ 



BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 215 

,*grape and .-ihell. Each discharge from tlie batteries, 
cut broad swaths through their strong columns; ■while 
the incessantly crackling fire of musketry, told that 
a terrible destruction of human life, was in eacli 
moment taking place. But it was in vain that the in- 
domitable Claiborne, urged forward his devoted Divi- 
sion. Li vain did the veteran columns, rail}- and auain 
charge desperately upon our nobly manned fortifi- 
cations. In vain was all the valor, courage and en- 
thusiasm, which could inspire t-he most determined 
troops the world oversaw; their resolute columns could 
struggle madly forvfard, barely to reach, and then be 
bayoneted from our works. All along our line, shnilar 
successive charges were made, but more especially in 
the center of the crescent, in which our forces were 
lying, was the charging the most terrific, the destruc- 
tion of human life most appalling. It w;";S here, that 
the rebel Qen. Adams, leading on a desperate charge, 
rode up to and indeed almost over our works, to be 
orced by a half dozen death-dealing minnie. Here, 
the thickest of the fight, when his Irish blood w;-.-; 
• almost boiling heat, the ever-recklessly brave, 
w furious Claiborne, rallied a wavering column, i;:i>i 
■ .ringing from his horse, with sword in hand, on foot, 
j>\ the way to the very top of our works, only to bo 
urled backward by ball and bayonet into the ditch, .1 
rpse. His horse, which had doubtless, borne hini 
ifely through m.any a bloody contest, followed him in 
;e charge, and fell dead within a few feet of his mas- 
:er. \~ 

For more than t?70 hours this desperate conflict . 
■ is successive charging and re-charging upon our works, 
■IS fruitlessly continued. No troops ever mode more 
csperate efi"orts to carry a stronghold, no troops were 
ver more frequently rallied, and more recklcsly plungeu 
ito the maelstroom of destruction, than were some Di- 
■ the rebel army on that memorable day : whi ■, 



I STORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

"Into the jaws of death, 
Into the gates of hell," 

i't'l army, striving valiantly, but in vaifi, 
V ault, our hastily constructed earthworks. 
:kg were held by men who had fought, and 
led on many a bloody battlefield ; Avho had 
■':^i many severe campaigns; and recently 
■• ro Atlanta, had driven the rebel army 
if strong lines of breastworks. Now, 
th(;;, •.■ ice protected by earthworks, and real- 

ized thai I .,ve wa}'-, was not merely to lose a strong 
position, and suffer defeat; but to lose the whole State 
of Tennessee— all that had been gained by almost two 
years hard fighting — and be thrown into confusion, and 
a rout, that would perhaps make a surrender inevitable. 
Never in the annals of "\varfare, will there be a 
more noble arid honorable record, than was made by 
the 4th and 23d Corps on this occasion. Not only 
did the}' stand to the works, and fight with furiout^ 
zeal and determination ; but wdien the enemy came 
surging madly upon their line of defence, they sliow- 
ed no signs of faltering or dismay ; but coolly gave 
them the bayonet. At one point, the rebels mount- 
ed our -works seven successi^'e times, and were as 
often forced back, by an unbroken line of glittering 
and gory bayonets. 

Only once, during the progress of the battle, did 

any Eegiment display the least inclination to yield 

liicir ground ; and then it -was but one Regiment, 

(unfortunately irom Ohio) that failed to repel th(> 

^ Ti-x charge, and hastily fell back from their posi- 

Gen. Stanley, ever active and vigilant, was at 

.' d m a moment, with the only Brigade held in 

rose we, from the commencement of the contest ; and 

vitli ihis, (■■harging instantly into the melee, regained 

•!ii> ^^•orks and took a thousand }>risoiM3rs. 

J* ',s ivnpoBsiblc to determine what might have beer 



BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 217 

tlie result of this terrible conflict, had a few more 
hours intervened before nightfall. As it was, night 
settled down upon the foe, terrible repulsed, and as 
darkness enveloped the sanguinary scene, the rebel 
legions ceased in their futile endeavors, to dislodge 
the comparatively feeble force opposing them. As 
they gradually fell back, our skirmish line was cau- 
tiously advanced, to insure againsi a sudden night at- 
tack ; and hasty preparations were immediately made 
for an evacuation and retreat, in the hour of victory. 
The position of the 84th Regt. Ills. Vols., during 
this brief yet terrible onset, while the rebels were 
charging with the fury of demons, and our noble 
l)oys holding their position with a tenacity, akin to 
that of the early Christian martyrs to their holy 
faith ; was one of considerable importance, yet not 
one of very imminent peril. We were not upon the 
front line, until the close of the engagement ; hence 
did not participate in the hand to hand contests, that 
so frequently occurred. The front line of our Divi- 
siou, owing to the nature of the ground, could not 
be effective, and at the same time unbroken. Hence 
a gap was made in it, and across this, or covering- 
it, in the second line, our Regiment was stationed. 
Yet here the leaden hail more than once came rattling 
along, and though quite well protected by hastily 
constructed works, there was no guaranty of personal 
safety. Standing close to our line of works, and not 
hir away, as one might be led to suppose from the 
subsequent report of our narrow-minded jealous-lieart- 
ed Brigade Commander, our brave Colonel was se- 
verely wounded, by a ball passing directly through 
the right arm, near the shoulder. Here too in the 
exact line of his duty, our intrepid Adjutant was shot 
through the neck, the ball passing between the trach- 
ea and the spine. Fortunately, both have siiice re- 



21<s HISTORY OF THE REGBIEXT. 

eovereJ. These were our only casualties, except 
Lieut. J. G. Waters, Aid-de-Camp, to Geu. Kimball, 
was wounded in the riglit ami just below the elbow. 

Almost as soon as the battle was ended, our Regi- 
ment was thrown forward as a picket or skirmish line, 
iind continued in this hazardous position until about 
ton o'clock ; by which time, the bulk of the arm}- 
^vere across the river, and rapidly retreating toward 
Nashville. They were among the last to leave the 
battlefield, and were barely across the river, wheii 
the enemy, Avho had by this time discovered our 
movements, took possession of the town. 

The question is often asked, why, after giving tlic 
euemv such a severe repulse, did our Army slip off in 
tlie.'nio'htj'as though in lact defeated? We can only an- 
swer by stating that the position held at Franklin would 
speedily have become wholly untenable. It could bo 
readily flanked on either side, and om- line of 
t-upplies cut ofl^; and while these Corps were so far 
away, Nashville was but scantily protected. 

^^peaking of this battle, very many are inclined 
,-■■ ,, v»uder at the terrible pertinacity of the rebel Gen, 
Hood, in dashing column after column with such trc 
mendous force and energy upon our center,— involving 
their decimation, almost their annihilation ? Yet this 
^\'0 have ever CQusidered a most In-illiant design, and 
the brightest recoi'd 'if bis generalship, 1;hat will be 
preserved in liisl ^u. was placing a "stupen- 

dous i^ame, for cnurii,i'.'i;o stakes. Could he have, suc- 
ceeded in breaking the center, our whole array wa 
di ]ur. mercy. In our rear was a de.ep and rapid ri,' 
or, novv' swollen, by recent rains,: — only fordable b; 
infaulrv at one or two places — and to retreat^across it, 
au utter impossibility. To break the center, was tv 
■Jofoat onv army ; and defeat inevitably involved, 
f this ai'Miy surrendered to Mm, Nash 



BATTLE OF FRimKLIN. 219 

ville with its fortifications, all its vast accumulation of 
army stores, was at liis mercy, and could be taken in 
a day. Hence, with heavy odds, — a vastly superior 
force, — in his hands, he made the impetuous attack 
upon our center, and lost in the momentous game. 
His army well understood that they wore fighting for 
the possession of Nashville. Ours knew they were 
fighting to preserve that valuable city, and to avoid 
annihilation 

Gen. Schofielvl, though far away from the battle- 
field, scarcely in sight of the battle, across the rivei- 
where he could be but a mere spectator ; reaped the 
laurels of the great repulse, in his promotion to be a 
I\laior General ; while Gen. Stanley Avho was in the 
thickest of the fight, who saved the army by his 
prompt action w'hen the line gave way, as above sta- 
ted, and who was wounded in so doing, is scarcely 
named in the Oficial Report of the battle ; and to the 
ai'my only is known, admired and beloved, as tin* 
real hero of the Battle of Franklin. 

Before midnight, the whole army was in full retreat 
toward Nashville. Though the mass of the ever 
troublesome wagon-trains, had rapidly gone forward 
in the early part of the night; the Annnunition and 
.Vmbulance trains, contributed very nmch to hinder 
and delay the march. The men, now that the ex- 
<iteinent of battle was over, were greatly fatigued 
and exhausted. They had been constant!}' on the 
march, the whole of the previous night ; they had 
marched, built v\-orks and fought all day, and now 
were required to march to Nashville, eighteen miles 
distant, without an hom"'s rest or repose. The exul- 
tant feehngs induced by \ictory, were dispelled l)y 
the Avithdrawal from the l)attlefic]d, and weariness 
bowed down the strongest and most indefatigable. 
■"Scores of men whose veracity is beyond (|uesti'.>ri. 



220 



HISTOEY OF THE REGLMENT. 



'Jiave assured us they slept while they weremakch- 
iNf'r MANY A aiiLE, OH that eveiitful night. Mauy fell 
asleep by the wayside, and awoke to find themselves 
prisoners, — surrounded 1)}' the enemy, — and their 
fellow-S(jldiers many miles away. 

Early in the morning the head of the column 
reached Nashville, about noon the rear-guard came 
up, and the whole army encamped in front of the 
fortilieations, which surrounded the city, to enjoy afevr 
1 lours rest, repose and strength-renewing sleep. With 
Sancho Panza the}' could say "God bless the man, wlio 
tirst invented sleep." 




CHAPTER XVil. 

THE BATTLE OF NASHVILLE, AND PUlJSflT OF THE UECEL 
ARMY TO THE TENNESSEE IHVEK. 

As soon as our forces halted in front of tlie city of 
Nashville, they hastily bivoucked, and within an hour 
thousands were sleeping as soundly, as if reposing on 
a bed of down. It was conjectured, that the enemy 
having suffered such a terrible repulse at Franklin, 
would not be in haste to make another attack. Yet on 
the next day, December 2nd, their advance guard came 
in sight, and our forces were immediately drawn up in 
line of battle. Gen. A. J. Smith with two Divisions 
of the 16th Corps, had by this time arrived from St. 
Louis, Mo.; Gen. Steadman had come through from 
Chattanooga, with a Brigade of colored troops, and a 
score of small detachments, heretofore stationed along 
the Railroads, and in and about Nashville, ha<l .been 
collected; so that wo had quite a formidable force to 
resist the attack, should Gen. Hood immediately under- 
take to accomplish his grand design of taking Nasli- 
ville. Towards evening, the rebel lines advanced to 
within three or four miles of the city, but they were 
evidently reconnoitering, and showed no disposition to 
offer battle. During the day a line of defense was se- 
lected, and at night our forces fell back to it, and 
threw up a strong line-of fortifications, connecting the 



1'22 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

principal forts, which had long since been built on the 
hills adjacent to the city. 

Our lines now extended in a semi-circle from the 
Cumberland River above, to the river below the city. 
The two Divisions of the 16th Corps were stationed on 
the right, Gen. Stoadman's Brigade, and the assembled 
detachments were on the left ; next to the latter was 
the 4th Corps, and the 23rd Corps filled the space be- 
tween the 4th and 16th Corps. The fortifications 
along the whole line were speedily strengthened, and 
on the 3rd of December, the enemy took a position di- 
rectly in front of our center, extending, it was pre- 
sumed, from the river above to the river below the city. 
Their line was in full view of ours, and for several 
days they seemed to have no inclination to test our 
strength, but to be devoting all their time and energies, 
to the construction of a strong line of works. 

The position of our Brigade was next to Fort Neg- 
ley, extending from it on the right to the "Granny 
White" Pike. Soon our Baggage, which had in April 
been stored at Bridgeport, Ala., was brought up from 
the city, and a pleasant camp was laid off and policed, 
in the rear of the line of breasty»-orks. These already 
well built works were now daily being strengthened; 
for under the order of Gen. Thomas, all citizens who 
came out to the line or camp from city, were arrested 
and set to work. This afforded some rich sport, for 
eve-ry day scores of rebel sympathizers, who came out 
to get a glimpse of their friends in the distance, were- 
detained to wo-rk three hours, ■^ith a pick or shovel upon, 
our fortifications. One visit to the front line, by soft- 
lianded merchants, clerks and city gentlemen, entirely 
satisfied their curiosity; and while they saw the kind of 
work done by war-worn troops, they frecjuently carried 
back, in the shape of blistered hands, a slight memento 
of actual service in the field. They thought the infiic- 
tion very sevei'e, but our battle-tried veterans seemed to 
doii'zht in their trivia' sufrcrin<rs. 



I5ATTLE OF NASHVILLE. 22S 

Witliin a few days, the weather set in very cold, a 
slight snow fell, and then rain and sleet in succession, 
until the entire surface of ground was covered with ice. 
Day after day, the ample stores of clothing and 
equipments, collected in this great military depot, were 
conveyed to the front line, and every soldier was sup- 
plied with every article of uniform, that he chose to 
demand. By the 10th, our infantry Avas bountifully 
equipped, and a heavy force of cavalry was being con- 
centrated opposite the city, on the North side of the 
Cumberland River. 

Most of the cavalry of the Department, had some 
time before been ordered to Louisville, to draw new 
horses and equipments ; and now day by day they 
were returning, and going into camp near Edgefield. 
By the 14th of December, upwards of sixty cavah-y 
Regiments had arrived at this place, and under com- 
mand of Gen. Wilson, commenced crossing the Cum- 
berland. Passing directly through the city, they 
moved out to the Westward, and took a position near 
Gen. A. J. Smith's (loth) Corps. 

On the sa.me day, we received the order immedi- 
ately to store all our surplus baggage in Nashville. As 
we were now allowed but one wagon, and a few pack 
mules, to each Regiment, more than half our baggage 
had to be sent to store. On the afternoon of the same 
cfay, all men not able for duty were sent away to Hos- 
pitals or convalescent camp<. Thct^e, we well knew, 
were infallible indications of an advan.ce, and all were 
anxiously awaiting the order, yet no- one could tell in- 
what direction -we were to go. We hrA heard that the 
rebel Gen. Lyon was making a raid iiprm the Railroad 
to Louisville, that Gon. Forest was threatening Fort 
Donelson, :i.nd that Gv^n. Milroy was still holding Mur- 
frqesboro, though nov; ;,ss,iikul iiv ClM.\-tthems' or Har- 
dee's Corps. 

About midnigiit, Uiv ov.lci cauie to uic-reh at 5 o'clock 



224 HISTORY OF THE REGI^iIENT. 

the following morning. Ere that hour arrived, on the 
morning of December 15th, the wagons were loaded 
with the baggage and sent to the rear, the men had all 
their accoutrements on or ready to be put on at a m,o- 
ments notice, and thus in readiness, waited until about 
daylight, before the final order came to move to the 
right. 

The morning was so dark and foggy, that the move- 
ments of our forces Avere completely concealed from 
the .enemy; whose position had been ascertained by a 
reconnoisance, to be in the shape of a crescent, with 
his center on the Franklin Pike, and with only a picket 
line from his main force, each way to the river. 

Soon after sunrise and wdiile the fog was still dense, 
the 4th and 23rd Corps moved to the right, and took 
position where the 10th had lain an heur before; and 
we now found, that they had moved still further to the 
right, and that the whole cavalry force was advancing 
down the river to turn the enemy's left fiank. The 
works heretofore occupied by the 4th and 23rd Corps 
were not abandoned, but were now held by a weak line 
of detachments, belonging principally to the Corps of 
Cren. Sherman's army, but separated from it while on 
the great march from Atlanta to Savannah. On the 
extreme left. Gen. Steadman advanced with his Negro 
Brigade, and opening the fight, briskly drove the ene- 
my from their front line of works. Considerable ar- 
tillery, was about nine o'clock, brought into play on 
the left, the heavy pieces mounted on Fort ISTegley oc- 
casionally thundered forth, hurling heavy shells into 
the enemy's right ; and though the rebels at that point 
rallied, and attempted to retake their line of rifle-pits, 
they were speedily repulsed. 

Before ten o,clock, the fog cleared away, and thepo- 
sition of the 4th and 23rd Corps had not been changed. 
They were evidently massed for an attack or charge 
when the proper moment should arrive. The firii'g 



BATTLE OF NASHYlLLE. n5 

Jiow broke out, far away on our right, and wc speedily 
knew that the IGth Corps had swung around the ene- 
my's left, and were stiiking him on the flank. The 
23rd Corps next advanced and struck the enem_y well 
on his left, and the 4th Corps charged forward and took 
the first line of rifle-pits in their front. 

During the next two hours, there was rapid artillery 
firing all oiong our right, and now and then a few suc- 
cessive shots on our left. About half past two, our 
cavalry having advanced well to the rear of the enemy's 
left, which meanwhile, had given way before General 
Smith's indomitable Divisions : the order was given 
for the grand charge upon the enemy's main line. For 
nearly an hour there Avas an almost deafening roar of 
artillery, for our numerous batteries had secured excel- 
lent positions on the hills Ys^est of the city; then it 
nearly ceased and the decisive charge was made, the 
several Divisions striking the enemy's line in eciielox, 
and sweeping all before them. In front of the 1st Di- 
vision, 4th Corps, there was a sort of fort, mounting 
four field pieces, which had harassed the Division for 
some time before the charge; but now up the hill, and 
over the works into the fort, charged the 3rd Brigade, 
taking the four pieces of artillery and some two hun- 
dred prisoners. After halting a fev/ moments to take 
breath, the whole line again advanced, and the enemy 
no longer having works to shelter them, v/crc slowly, 
yet steadily forced back until night closed the terrible 
contest. 

Forcing the enemy back from their fortified position 
in front of Nashville, was certainly one of the most 
scientific and ])rilliant achievem.cnts of the war, and 
R,ccomplished vrithout very serious loss on our part. 
Our whole army had not lost over fifteen hundred, in 
killed and wounded ; and the enemy had lost still less 
in this way, but we had taken at least two thousand" 
pvi5on':>i'- ■'v-^;i<l,.i ;i large quantity of artillery. 



226 IIIBTOIIY OF THE REGIMENT. 

Every movement during the day liud been eni?- 
nently successful, every Division liad dune its whole 
duty, not a Regiment had faltered in the grand cliarge, 
and a most decisive advantage had been secured. At 
dark the 16th Corps M-ere driving the enemy to the 
Eastward, over the "Overton Hill :" the 23d Corps 
were at the base af tliese Hills, and the 4th Corps ad- 
vanced in a Southeasterly direction I as far as the 
^ 'Granny White Pike." 

So signal, had been the success of the day, that the 
opinion v»^as generally entertained that Hood would 
"nake good his retreat during the night. At dark the 
liring ceased, except now and then a shot upon the 
picket line. The night was clear and frosty, and the 
full Ivloon threw a flood of silver light, upon the ter- 
rible scenes of the recent battlefield, forcibly remind- 
ing many a weary soldier, of Mrs. Nortons beautiful 
Poem., "Bingen on the Rhine." 

Early next morning our forces again ad\ u..v...u, axid 
within an hour came in sight of the enemy. During 
»t}ie night the rebel army had fallen back to a strong 
])Osition on the Franklin Pike, near the gap in the 
Overton Hills. Our lines now gradually approached 
^he enemy's fortifications, which they found quite for- 
midable, keeping up a heavy skirmish fire ; and soon 
all our artillery was brought up and placed in posi- 
tions to bear upon them. 

About two o'clock,all 6'ur Batteries, (not less than 
sixty pieces) opened upon the enemy's works, and for 
<in hour and a half the roar of, artillery was incessant, 
the screeching and bursting of shells and shrapnel most 
terrific and appalling. At half-past three the charge 
was ordered, and in the same manner as the day pre- 
vious, the enemy were speedily 1i'\'^" jV-.i,, i],.^-,,- ■,.,.. 
sition. 



BATTLE OF NASHVILLE. 227 

At only one point, did our troops receive a decided 
check, or suffer a temporary repulse. The line of 
works from the Franklin Pike Eastward, was very 
strongly built, and was held by Pettis' Brigade, one of 
the most unflinching in the whole rebel army. Against 
these formidable works, the gallant Col. (since Gen- 
eral Post)leadhis Brigade, of the 2d Division 4tli Corps; 
and when within two or three hundred yards of the 
main line, was very severel}' wounded. His Brigade 
now suffering terrible, and being thrown into confu- 
sion by the loss of its commander, was finally forced 
to fall back, severely mutilated. Gen Steadman now 
ordered his Negro Brigade forward, and in a few min- 
utes charged upon a,nd took the line, with the whole 
Brigade by which it was held. The loss of the color- 
ed troops in making this charge was very heavy. 
Not less than sixty fell dead in front of the works, 
and about three hundred were wounded. But dan- 
ger and death did not cause them to waver a mo- 
ment, nor repress the terrible fury of their victorious 
charge. They stormed and took a line, that one of 
the best Brigades in our whole army had failed to 
carry. Yef these were the men who were recently mere 
chattels ; whom we were so reluctant to see muster- 
ed as soldiers, and of whom it had been so often said 
"they won t figlit." All who participated in, or wit- 
nessed the battle of Nashville were satisfied, that ne- 
gro troops can and will hght desperately. 

Being driven from the line of works erected dur- 
ing the night, the rebels hastily fell back in great 
confusion, closely pressed by our victorious columns ; 
and could Gen. Thomas — like Joshua of old, have 
turned back the sun, or prevented nightfall for three 
hours, probably half of Hood's whole army would 
have been taken prisoners. But night came on soon: 
after the last line of works were carried. Jind <mv 



S28 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT, 

troops could follow up tlioir advtiutage V>uf two Oi' 
three miles that night. 

During the day, our loss luid been coiisidurubiy 
heavier than it was the day before, while the eneniyV 
was doubtless lighter, except in prisoners. The pris- 
oners taken could be counted by thousands, and it 
was thought we had secured the bulk of the ar- 
tillery, which the enemy had on the Held. Singular 
as it is to record, our llegiment though closely cn- 
g;iged on lioth days, did not have a man killed, and 
had only five or six seriously wonTided* The Regi- 
ment was at the post assigned to it, every moment 
during the whole l^attle; though the arrogant and 
petty-souled Gen. Grose, evidently attempts indirectly 
to cast a slur upon it, in his official report. Scarcely 
had the intense darkness ol the early evening, caused 
the firiug to cease; before a chilling rain began to 
fall, which continued through the night ; yet, be- 
fore morning all our Field Hospitals were broken up, 
and all the ^vounded, numbering about three thous- 
and, were sent to the Hospitals in the city. 

At daylight on the morning of the 17th, Gen. Wil- 
son, commanding the M'hole cavalry force, started in 
pursuit of the routed and demoralized rebel army. 
The 4th Corps was next to the cavalry in the pursuit, 
then came the 23d and 16th Corps, and the Brigade 
of colored troops brought up the rear. The rain 
continued to fall, or rather pour in torrents through- 
out the day, but the cavalry pressed forward, taking 
prisoners all along the way. Late in the afternoon 
they came upon the enemj^ on the North bank of the 
Harpeth River, opposite Franklin, drawn up in two 
'.ines of battle, as if prepared for an attack. Without 
ivaiting feu- the infantry to come up. Gen. Wilson 
vharged upon them with his cavalry, routing them 
ind taking a large number of })risoners. Yet the en- 



BATTLE OF NASHVILLE. 229 

€my hud taken the precaution to destroy the bridge 
across the Harpeth, so that our Infant)y and artillery, 
could not cross until a nev.' one was bnilt. So our 
Division halted for the night, about a mile North of 
Franklin, and at nine o'elock the next morning (Dec. 
18th) c;rossed over and continued the pursuit, passing 
diret^tl}' across the field, where the enemy were so 
terribly repulsed on the 30th of November. We 
found Franklin converted into a general hospital, 
more than half the houses, being occupied by wound- 
•ed. 

At this point, the Negro Brigade together with 
some detachments, all under comi4lind of Gen. Stead- 
man, left the main army, to take the cars at jMur- 
freesl)oro, and go thence by Railroad and attempt 
to cut off Hood's retreat, in the vicinity of Decatur. 
During the day, the cavalry had several sharp skir- 
mishes with the enemy's rear-guard, composed of 
several thousand cavalry under command of the reb- 
el General Forrest, and about dark, drove them across 
Duck Itiver. The 4tli 'Corps encamped for the night 
about live or six miles South of Spring Hill. It 
still continued to rain, and had it not been that the 
road was macadamized, (a pike,) it w^ould have been 
impossible to have continued the pursuit. 

On the 19th, we moved forward to Eutlierford 
Creek, three miles from Duck River, which we found 
quite impassible, except for the ca^•alry. In the 
course of the night, foot-bridges were built across the 
stream, and dm-ing the day, (20th) the whole 4th 
Corps crossed and encamped on the North bank of 
Duck River, which could not be crossed without ])on- 
toons. The artillery w-as still behind, waiting for the 
pontoons to come up, before it could cross Ruther- 
ford Creek. 

On the 21st, frequent inquiry was made for the 



230 HISTORY OF THE KEGIMENT 

pontoon train, on the 20tli, it was repeated almost 
every hour, and every one was wondering what had 
become of this indispensable arm of the service. 
These trains, it seems had by mistake been ordered 
out on tlie Jlurfreesboro, -instead of the Franklin 
pike, and had thus lost a day and night's travel, on 
the pursuit. On the morning of the 21st, the head of 
the Pontoon train reached Rutherford Creek, and in 
four hours a bridge across it was completed. Two 
other bridges of trestle work, were finished during 
the day, and the artillery rejoined the corps on Diack 
River. 

During the ni^t of the 21st5 a Pontoon bridge 
was thrown across Duck River, a part of the 3d Div. 
of the 4th Corps, having lirst crossed in boats, and 
driven back the rebels from Columbia. On the night 
of Dec. 22nd, (one of the coldest nights of the Win- 
ter,) thelst Division, 4th Corps crossed; on the 23rd, 
the remainder of tne corps, as well as a large body of 
cavalry passed over, and the pursuit was recommenc- 
ed. But the delay occasioned by the Pontoon trains 
having started out on the wrong road, gave Hood 
two full days the start of our forces from Duck Riv- 
er, and enabled hini to reach and cross the Tennes- 
see, with the remnant and wreck of his lately power- 
ful army. 

The 23d Corps halted at Columbia, and the caval- 
ry, supported by the 4th Corps, continued the pur- 
suit nearly to the Tennessee. Several times our cav- 
alry came upon the enemy, and a severe skirmish en- 
sued; but it was only with Forest's cavalry, who 
were covering the retreat. The discomfitted and shat- 
tered infantry columns, were kept far in advance; 
and were doubtless crossing the Tennessee River, when 
our advance reached Pulaski. Neit a day passed on 
this whole pursuit, in which th(A'e were not scores of 



BATTLE OF NASHVILLE. 231 

prisoners taken. The whole country seemed to bo 
full of them. They were scattered through tJie woods 
and fields along the road, and generally when taken, 
declared that they were done fighting, that they had 
' t" the army, and were going home. 

Day after day while retreating from Nashville, the 
i-e'oels were forced to abandon the few pieces oi artil- 
1ivY, which they succeeded in getting away from the 

, tie-field, and near Pulaski were reduced to the ex- 
t remity of burning their amnumition train. Of ninety 
pieces of artillery, which Hogd brought into Tennes- 
see on this campaign, he had only twelve left when 
lie returned to Florence, Ala. 

The pursuit was vigorously continued, until the 
whole of Hood's army was beyond the Tennessee; 
and when our Division had reached Sugar Creek, 
within twelve miles of the river, the order finally 
came, to advance no further. The weather had been 
very inclement during the whole pursuit, it having 
turned veiy cold, after three or four days of almost 
incessant rain ; yet there was little complaint among 
the soldiers, until the excitement of the chase was 
over. Such is the soldier's enthusiasm, that in the 
hour of victory, he regards neither hunger, cold nor 
danger, but his whole soul, all the impulses and enc!- 
gies of his nature, are given the accomplishment 

'! purpose. 

On the 29th day of December, having rested tw*' 
days on Sugar Creek, the 4th Corps was ordered to 
Huntsville, Alabama. The only incident of especial 
importance on the march, was the building of a briflge 
across Elk River, which was completed in two 
days by the numerous mechanics of the Corps. The 
rafting across the river, attempted by Gen. Grose, to- 
gether with the amusing mishaps attending it, will 

ng be remembered by the members of the 3d Brig- 



232 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT- 

:ide. Three days marching from Elk River, brought 
the army to the beautiful little city of Huntsville. 

The author having been sent by Gen. Grose, from 
Pulaski back to Nashville, to take charge of the bai^- 
gage of the Brigade, and bring it by the way ot Sto- 
^'enson to Huntsville on the cars, v^as absent from tli :^ 
Regiment fifteen days on this special duty, hence wi - ! 
not attempt to describe fully, the events that tran ■ 
pired during this period, that is, from the time the 
pm'suit v/as discontinued, until thQ Regiment went int.> 
camp at Huntsville. 

While on the march or retreat Northward to Nash- ] 
ville, it vras a source of deep regret, almost every day ' 
expressed by men and officers of our Regiment and 
Brigade; that we were retained in Tennessee, instead 
of being allowed to march with Gen. Sherman '-t') 
the sea." But sfter the battles of Franklin and 
Nashville, after the annihilation of Hood's large arn.iy, 
there was seldom any expression of regret. It seem- 
ed as though all felt more nearly satisiied with their I 
position, and the share they had taken in closing out 
the great rebellion. These successes tended to quiet 
the murmurings, yet our whole Regiment and prob- 
ably the whole Corps, would have been gratified, 
could they have shared in the trials and hardships of 
that great expedition. Yet having done our whole 
duty, where we were, do we deserve less credit thai; 
those vrho marched further, and did less fighting ? 



CHAPTFR XVIII. 

CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE — FKOYOST GUARD DUTY ETC. 

On the 6 til day of January, 1865, the 4th Army 
Corps encamped near Huntsville, Ahi., which for many 
months prior to Hood's recent campaign, had been gar- 
risoned by the 18th Regt. Mich. Vols., and 16th Regt. 
Wis. Vols. 

The 1st Division was stationed, and went into camp, 
about a mile and a half East of the city, at the base of 
Mount Hope. The 3rd Division about the same dis- 
tance to the Southward ; two Brigades of the 2nd Di- 
vision were out about two miles on the road to Decatur 
and Pulaski ; while the other Brigade was sent to gar- 
rison Decatur. It was now generally understood that 
the Winter campaign was over, and that we would re- 
main in Winter quarters until Spring. Hence, every 
man in the army was soon busily at work, constructing 
comfortable Winter quarters. 

Our Regiment had made considerable progress in 
building log huts and shanties, when the astonishing- 
news came, that the 84th Regt. 111. Vol|., had been se- 
lected as Provost Guard of the city. How this had 
happened no one could imagine, except that in the ab- 
sence of Col. Waters, Gen. Grose had determined to 
prove that he entertained a small portion of good will 
to the Regiment, which had now been longest in his Brig- 



234 HISTORY OF THE REGI^IENT. 

nde. Whether the selection vi-as his o^YIl, or made by 
Gen. Kimball or Gen. Sta-nley, we have never been 
able to determine. 

However, on the 9th day of January, we moved into 
the city, and encamped in the Court House Square. 

On the morning of January 10th, a very close, com- 
pact camp for the Regiment, was laid off in the South 
half of the Square, and all hands went to work to build 
Winter quarters. In doing this, the men were permit- 
ted to tear down quite a number of unoccupied houses, 
and a score of barns and stables, in and about the city. 
With this kind of rough lumber, in the course of five 
or six days, good warm shanties were built ; and as 
there was abundance of brick to be had, soon all were 
provided with fireplaces arid chimneys. 

Lieut. Col. Morton, now commanding the Regiment, 
established his quarters in part of a large brick house, 
a short distance North of the Square, and most of our 
)fficers fitted up rooms in the Court House, for their 
accommodation. On the same day that camp was laid 
©ff, the Regiment commenced doing Provost guard duty. 
Capt. Higgins was appointed Police Magistrate, and 
Capt. Dilworth, Chief of Police, for the city. About 
eighty men were regularly detailed each day, to patrol 
the streets, preserve order and quiet, and arrest all 
soldiers or citizens, who were drunk or disorderly. 

The Regiment had scarcely entered upon its new du- 
ties, before a score of officers ofhigh rank, Lieut. Cols., 
Majors, Captains, etc., came totovrntohave a "spree." 
They had the time-worn impression, that Provost 
guards would arrest only enlisted men ; and that men 
wearing shoulder-straps could make as much noise and 
{listurbance as they chose ; or indulge in as much up- 
roarous and riotous mirth as they saw fit ; and even be 
beastlj'- drunk on the street, without danger of being 
irrested. Late in the evening, they found out to thei;. 
.-irvovv' thnt ti).. AUh boys were no respecters of shoul- 



CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE. 235 

der-straps ; for no sooner had they become disorderly, 
than they Avere invited to "walk up to the Captain's 
office," which unacceptable invitation, from stern fea- 
tured men carrying muskets with sharp bayonets, they 
could not think of declining. Having promised to go 
quietly out to camp, and not again to^be found disturb- 
ing the quiet of the city, these jolly sons of Bacchus, 
were permitted to go to their quarters unpunished. 
They were at first inclined to think their arrest, a ter- 
rible outrage; but Gen. Stanley speedily quieted them, 
by complimenting the 84th 111., and intimating that of- 
ficers found drunk in the streets of Huntsville, would 
be recommended for dismissal. This beginning, of 
their work as a Police, besides gaining the Regiment 
great credit, had a very salutary eflfect upon all fun- 
and whisky-loving officers and men, who came from 
the several camps into the city. All knew that if they 
were intoxicated and noisy, or quarrelsome on the 
street, they would be instantly arrested. Hence, all 
were more cautious and prudent, though hundreds 
Avere far from temperate ; and hesceforAvard, as long 
as the Regiment remained on this duty, there were but 
few men arrested, Avho belonged to the Avhole 4th 
Corps. 

■ On the 13th of January, the baggage which had 
been stored at Nashville, since December 4th, Avas 
brought up, via Stevenson; and many officers and men 
that night rejoiced, in having blankets enough to keep 
them comfortable while sleeping. On the recent cam- 
paign,after leaving Nashville, there had been no opportu- 
nity to supply the army with clothing, or any sort of 
equipments. During the battle as Avell as Avhile in 
pursuit of Gen. Hood, and on the subsequent march, 
the men had torn and worn out their clothing so badly, 
that in our Regiment, when detailed for Provost duty, 
there were scarcely enough whole clothes to bo found, 
to supply the detail Avho daily patrolled the streets. 



236 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

The men were now anxious to dress up, and look trim 
and neat ; though they had no desire to emulate or im- 
itate the style, of the even renoAvned gentlemen sol- 
diers on the Potomac. Hence, the Quartermaster's 
ears daily ached, from hearing the constantly repeated 
inquiry, "when are we going to draw clothing?" 

On the 15th, a very large supply of all kinds of 
wearing apparel was issued, and when on the 19th, it 
was determined to procure jackets instead of blouses, 
for the whole Regiment, scores were greatly delight ed. 
Only cavalry jackets could be obtained, but these the 
boys speedily relieved of yellow stripes, ancl^very 
shortly the 84th 111., was 'said to be the best dressed 
Regiment in the army. Almost every man in the Reg- 
iment, took pride in patrolling the streets in a snug 
fitting, well-brushed uniform, with polished shoes an da 
musket that glistened like silver in the Winter sun- 
lio-ht. 

Our camp was every day thoroughly swept, and 
though the little huts were very much crowded togeth- 
er, they looked at lej^st to a soldier, snug, tidy and 
comfortable. The greatest inconvenience to which we 
were now subjected, was a scarcity of fuel. Scarcely 
any wood could be obtained, within three miles of the 
city ; and it was quite impossible for one team to haul 
so far, enough to supply a hundred fires. Time and 
again we had to call on the Post Quartermaster for as- 
sistance, and he could only furnish us two or three 
teams, for a day or two at a time, so that we were al- 
most constantly on short allowance. 

On the 21st of January, Adjt. Caswell, who had 
been very severelj"^ Avonnded in the neck at Franklin, 
returned to duty, having fully recovered. A day or 
two later, our new Surgeon, S. "W. IMarshall, arrived. 
We had been for some months depending on other Reg- 
iments of the Brigade, for the services of a Surgeon. 
Surgeon Kyle having been promoted to the position oi' 



CAMP AT HUNTSYILLE. 237 

Chief Surgeon of the Brigade, toward the close of the 
Atlanta campaign, necessarily removed from the Regi- 
ment, to take his position at Brigade Headquarters ; 
yet after Asst. Surgeon Hunter resigned, he did for 
some months attend regularly on the Regiment. Find- 
ing this too burdensome, he had Asst. Surgeon Adair, 
<jf the 77th Regt. Penn. Veteran Vols., assigned to 
duty "with us; and this pleasant gentleman and skillful 
physician Avas still attached to our Regiment, v/hen Dr. 
Marshall arrived. Asst. Surgeon Marshall was pro- 
moted from civil life, and was a young man who had 
recently graduated at a Medical College. Being well 
qualified for the position to which he vras promoted by 
Gov. Oglesby, by his skill, his pleasing manners, and 
gentlemanly deportment, he speedily acquired the es- 
teem and confidence of the whole Regiment. He. was- 
mustered as Assistant Surgeon of the Regiment, on 
the 25th of January, and continued our only Surgeon, 
while we remained in service. The Regiment, having 
established and rigidly maintained good order, during 
the first Aveek of tlieir stay in Huntsville, were not 
often nor seriously troubled by riotous or disorderly con- 
duct, on the part of either citizens or soldiers. About 
one third of the Regiment, were constantly on duty; 
but it was by no means severe or burdensome ; and as 
a general thing, they enjoyed the situation and peculiar 
duty. 

As it had been some months since we were paid, 
very few officers or men had much money to squander 
at sutler shops, or billiard saloons, in which the city 
abounded. Our own sutler, Mr. P. S. Secor soon 
brought forward a large stock of goods, Avhich he of- 
fered at enormous prices; yet as the boys were generally 
out of money, and his shop was the only place in the 
city where they could ask for and obtain credit — he 
sold a large quantity of goods. He gave them credit 
most unsparingly, yet at the same time, outdoing the 



238 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. 

very Israelitish]sutlers, infesting the whole army in his 
extravagant prices. As a consequence, some contract- 
ed debts quite too heavy to pay, when they finally re- 
ceived their money. Mr. Secor thought he was shame- 
fully trep.ted, and though he whined terribly, there were 
few found to pity him. 

Those who were fond of the game of billiards, had a 
fine opportunity for indulging in their favorite pas- 
time, while in Huntsville. Three large saloons were 
constantly crowded with players, and some really sci- 
entific and skillful players, could at almost any time 
from eight o'clock in the morning until eleven at night, 
be seen exercising their ability in the fascinating, "prin- 
cely game." 

A brief description of this pleasant city, may not 
be inappropriate here. The city of Huntsville had, 
at the opening of the war, between seven and eight 
thousand inhabitants ; but when we arrived there, in 
Januar3^,1865,its entire population could not have ex- 
ceeded live thousand, exclusive of soldiers. It is 
situated in a beautiful valley, about two miles West 
of Mount Hope, and is ten or fifteen miles distant 
from the Tennessee River at Whitesburg, or fifteen 
b]^ Railroad from Decatur. The broad valley North 
and West of the city, is delightful^ diversified by 
hills and groves of timber, interspersed among the 
broad and highly productive tracts of farming land, 
formerly cotton fields. The city, is built upon a slight 
eminence, and is chiefly remarkable for its wonderful 
Spring, and its profusion of beautiful shrubbery. 
The Spring w^as doubtless the first attraction, to the 
original proprietors of this place. At the West side 
of the square, the knoll or ridge upon which the city 
stands, falls off abruptly, about thirty-five or forty 
feet, in a ledge of fossiliferous limestone ; and from 
the base of this ledge pours forth the immense vol- 
ume of water, known as the Spring. It seems a mis- 



CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE. 239 

iiomcr, to all who have been reared in the Western 
States, where springs are not often seen, that run a 
stream larger than a man's wrist. Across this stream 
some thirty feet from the ledge, is a dam of hewn 
stone ; upon or as a portion of which, is a small stone 
building, probably twenty-four feet square, and M'ith- 
in this structure is a water-wheel, which forces the 
M'ater up through pipes to a reservoir, and to all parts 
of the city. At the foot-bridge, two rods below this 
dam, the volume of water afforded by the Spring, 
can be most accurately estimated. The stream is 
here thirty-two feet wide, and three feet deep, and as 
clear as crystal. ]\Iaj. Cooper, an old gentleman of 
rare mental and colloquial abihties, and who has trav- 
eled half the ^vorld over ; made a scientific, and no 
douljt very correct estimate of the quantity of water 
afforded by the spring, in the Summer of 1864; and 
concludes that it is about three hundred barrels per 
minute. 

The business part of the city, lying principally- 
around and adjacent to the square, is well built of 
Ijrick ; but the splendid residences that have been 
built along the principal streets, together with the 
beautiful grounds and ever verdant shrubbery that 
surround them, afford the pecuKar attraction of the 
place. Here are abundant indications of excessive 
wealth, coupled in its expenditure with a Iiighly culti- 
\'ated and refined taste ; and frequently, with a rare 
conception of what is I'cally lovely and magnficent, or 
exquisitely beautiful. In this small xiity, at the be- 
giniug of the war there were thirteen men, worth up- 
wards of a million duUars each. The whole place 
abounded in wealth, and its profusion is evidenced by 
the palatial dwellings, by the graveled walks, well- 
rimmed hedges, delightful arbors, lovely flower gar- 
;,ns, and especially the almost superabundance of all 



240 HISTOliY OF THE REGIMENT. 

kinds of ornamental shrubbery, that still remain. 

Of the manners, customs and habits of the inhabi- 
tants, we had very little opportunity of forming an 
impartial and unbiassed opinion. The men as we 
saw them, were affable, polite, courteous and intem- 
perate. The ladies, were too intensely rebel, or exces- 
sively proud, to speak to a soldier, or to permit even the 
slightest advance toward social intercourse. We fre- 
quently saw scores of them on the streets, generally 
dressed in excellent taste; but not unfrequently we no- 
ticed that an unskillful and inartistic application of 
rouge and lilj^-white, had given an unnaturjd and far 
from beautiful complexion. Their air and bearing 
was generally as proud, distant, and haughty, as that 
of their husbands and brothers, was lavishly affable, 
and cringingly polite. But, as we said at the outset, 
we had no fair opportunity for obtaining a correct 
opinion, and venture tlic above, only as the crude im- 
pressions of a "Northern barbarian" and "mudsill.' 
• About the la«t of January, there were frequent ru- 
mors, that we were about to start on another cam- 
paign, and these produced no littlo uneasiness. As 
comfortably situated as we were here, avc disliked the 
idea of abandoning good Winter quarters, to sleep on 
the frozen ground, and at best, beneath • "purp tents" 
until Spring. Finally the 3d Division received 
marching orders, and went as far as Nashville, on 
their way to Eastport Miss. ■ xVfter an unpleasant 
journey by Railroad thus far, they returned and again 
went into camp. 

On the 2Sth day of January, Capt. J. P. Higgins 
received notice that his resignation wg,s accepted, and 
probably never before this day, had realized how 
strongly many, yea, most of the Regiment were at- 
tached to him. All were sorry to see him leave us. 
Capt Dilworth now became Police Magistrate, and 
Capt Garternicht Chief of Pohce for the city. In 



CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE. 241 

company A, 2d Lieut> Edson was immediately pro- 
iiioted to the Captaincy, and 1st Sergt. L. N. Mitch- 
ell, after carrying a 1st Lieutenants commission six- 
teen months in his knapsack, was finally mustered 
*ipon it. About this time Lieut. H. V. Lewis, of com- 
pany E resigned, and 2d Lieut. Roeschlaub was pro- 
moted to fill the vacancy. 

On the 22d of February, there were preparations 
for a grand Eeview of the 1st Division. The 84th 
ills., in their best suit of clothing and with highly 
polished accou.trements, marched out to the parade 
grounds between the city, and the camp of the Divi- 
sion. , But before half the Division was on the 
grounds, the rain began to pour down in torrents, and 
of necessity, the imposing spectacle was postponed. 

On the 2od of February, our dearly esteemed, ad- 
mired and beloved Colonel returned; having partially 
recovered from the severe wound received at Frank- 
lin. Every man in the Kegiment was delighted to 
see hun with us again, though he was as yet quite 
unfit for active duty. Lt. CoL Morton, had for some 
\\'eeks been losing in the estimation of the Regiment, 
and was never at any time capable] of securing the 
high degree of popularity, which seemed naturally to 
llow^ to Col. Waters. 

While lying here in camp, in each Division a Court- 
martial was busy investigating all sorts of charges, 
that had been preferred during the past ten months. 
Would that we could here say something, to assist ii. 
j-emoving the prejudice, which in civil life, seems to ob- 
tain against this kind of tribunals. They are as in- 
dispensable to miHtary bodies, as juries are to civil 
society ; and every candid man who has closely ob- 
served the procedure of this kind of a court, cannot 
have failed to arrive at the conclusion; that he would 
rather depend upon a court-martial for exact and 



242 HISTOB,Y OF THE EEGIMENT. 

even-lianded justice, than any jury that was ever em- 
paneled. 

About tlie tb'st of March, we rec ived news from 
Illinois, that occasioned no little excitement and ill- 
feelin,o'. It was in substance, that in most of tlya 
<',ounties in which our regiment was raised, a tax had 
been, or was about to be levied, to give a bounty of 
three hundred dollars to each man w^ho would enlist, 
or should be drafted to fill the quota, under the last 
call. Had it been proposed to give the same amount 
of bounty, to all who had enlisted from the beginning 
war; or had it been, that the proposed tax was to be 
levied only upon those liable to the draft, it would 
not have been so objectional. But " now^, when we 
had been nearly three years in the service, for those 
who had been at home enjoying the innumerable 
comforts and pleasures of civil life, and during a pe- 
riod of remarkable prosperity had been rapidly amass- 
ing property, to impose a tax upon our property as 
well as their own, for the purpose of avoiding a draft, 
or of procuring substitutes for those who were draft- 
ed, we could only consider an act of gross injustice. 
And when we considered that this tax would fall up- 
on the widows and orphans, of those Avliose patriotism 
had early in the war, taken them into the field; and 
upon the hundreds of disabled soldiers who had done 
their w^hole duty, we felt indignant that such an out- 
rage should) under color of lav/, be perpetrated. By 
some it was proposed that resolutions should be adopt- 
ed, to express our opinions of the measure ; but as it 
would be impossible to send such an expression of 
feeling home, before the scheme was consummated, it 
was considered useless. So day after day throughout 
our camp, the unjust, oppressive and odious combina- 
tion of "STAY AT home's," was denounced in unmeas- 
ured terms. Bitter execrations and curses, were heap- 



CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE. 243 

ed upon the heads of those who had been guilty of 
imposing the tax upon us ; and ahnost every man in 
the Eegiment was ready to affirm, that he would 

NEVER VOTE FOR A MAN FOR ANY OFFICE, WHO HAD FA- 
VORED THIS INFAMOUS TAX. Hundreds declared that 
if the tax was assessed upon their property, they 
would never pay a cent of it ; but we presume they 
changed their minds, after they reached home a few 
months later. Doubtless many remembered these 
declarations, but in^ their cooler moments, could not 
resist the operation of law, or repel with force the 
oppressive burden, after having been for three years 
accustomed strictly to obey orders. Certain it is, 
that those who were in the army at this time, have 
never forgiven nor forgotten the authors and perpetra- 
tors of the outrage. They]have no doubt quietly paid 
their small share of the tax, but for 3'ears they will 
be fastening its just odium, upon the guilty parties. 
Yea, for a long time, returned soldiers will remember 
the gross injustice inflicted upon them, and they will 
assuredly punish the guilty authors of the wrong, by 
openly charging them with it, by stigmatizing their 
base condiict, and by ostracising them at the polls. 

Early in March, Lt. Col. Morton and lady, gave a 
social party, to which all the officers of tlie 84th Ills. 
Vols., as w^ell as many others, were invited. It was 
one of the most festive and agreeable episodes in our 
army life, and was highly enjoyed by all who were 
there assembled. To Mrs. JMorton's superior tact ^ 
arid rare colloquial abihty, perhaps more than to any- ' 
thing else, must the rare cordiality of feeling, and 
singular spirit of mirthfulness and conviviality, that 
prevailed in the assembly, be attributed. Long life 
to this genuine lady ! the leading spirit of the noble- 
hearted "jSTeedle Pickets" of Quincy, Ills. 

Only a few days after the delightful occasion above 



244 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT, 

mentioned, there again began to be frequent rumorhc 
of a movement to the Eastward. CoL Waters was 
meanwhile, using his utmost endeavors to have his 
Regiment assigned to duty at a post, as he was no lon- 
ger able to endnre the hardships and exposure of an 
active campa,ign. His preferance, and that of the 
whole Regiment, was to be located at Cleveland. 
Tennessee ; where we had been so pleasantly receiv- 
ed a year before, and where the citizens were still 
anxious to have us return. But all efforts in this di- 
rection proved entirely fruitless. 

On the evening of the 12th of ]\Iarch, we received 
.oiders to move immediately by Railroad to Knox- 
vtlle, Tenn. During the night, several trains of cars 
arrived, and early in the morning the whole ot the 
1st Division, moved with all their baggage, to the 
Depot. The 3d Brigade was to go on the first train, 
and this morning, Gen. Grose (having obtained n 
leave of absence for several weeks,) started for home; 
leaving Col. Vv'^aters again in command of the Brigade. 
All the ridmg horses and pack mules of the Brigade, 
were loaded on the first train ; and upon this train, 
Col. Waters and Staff, with tlie 84th Ills, as train 
guard, started for Kaioxville. The Regiment bid 
adieu to the city of Hunts ville, about 10 o'clock a. 
m., and in the course ot the day, the whole Brigade 
started, moving out as fast as the trains could be load- 
ed. The 1st and 3rd DiWsions moved during the 
^veek, but the 2d Division remained, until the for- 
mer had advnr.ced a considerable distance beyond 
Knoxville. 

When the troops began to move from ITuntsville, 
the extensive wagon trains were ordered to start lor 
the same point, across the countr}^ ; but just as they 
were starting on this very tedious journey, the order 
came for wagons and all to be shipped on the cars. ' 



CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE. 



245 



So, all our wagons had to be taken to pieces and 
loaded, four on each frieght car, and this we found 

luolved no httle liard hfting and severe hibor; but 
't was far better, than dragging through the terrible 
-\ vamps along the way. 

Our stay at Hnntsville, was on the whole quite 
; pleasant ; and many agreeable recollections of this 

eason of rest, will ever be entertained by most of 
rhe members of our Regiment. By a strict observance 

;f duty, in the trying position as Provost Guards, the 
whole Regiment had won another harvest of golden 

opinions, and secured a high degree of well deserved 
• topularity. 




CHAPTEE XIX. 

'IRIP TO KNOXVILLE — MARCH THENCE TO BULL'S GAP 
— NEAYS OF lee's SURRENDER, AND THE ASSASSINA- 
TION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. * 

The journey by Eailroad from Huntsville to Knox- 
ville, was accomplislied in two days, and as the weather 
was quite warm and pleasant, the Regiment en- 
joyed a line view of the country, from the top of the 
cars. As the train stopped, most of the night at 
Chattanooga, nearly. the whole distance was traveled 
by daylight ; and on that account, the trip was much 
more agreeable. 

On the evening of March 14th, the Regiment arriv- 
cd at the immensely fortified city of Knosvillc, and 
iaimediately bivouacked, within the fortifications on the 
West side of the place. 

On the following day, the whole Brigade having ar- 
rived. Col. Waters had a sort of Street Parade, in 
starting out towards Strawberry Plains. The day, 
though it was early in the Spring, happened to be 
very vrarm; and the Brigade moved out so rapidly, that 
many of the men were soon compelled to empty their 
knapsacks, and throw down their overcoats and blank- 
ets, in order to save themselves from being entirely 
overdone and exhausted. For miles, the road was 



TKIP TO IvNOXVILLE, 247 

^v ewcd with all sorts of vf earing aj^parel, and as each 

i-ticle was dropped, the oM'ner was apt to mutter a 
curse -upon the brigade coininalider. Hundreds of ar- 
ticles that had not been Avorn more than a month, w-eve 

"ro-svn away by men, who knew that the price must be 

-Hkictod from their monthly pay. Scores of men tiivev,- 
away their blankets, though they rea-lizecl that they 
must suffer night after night during the succcedino- 
month, for want of sufficient covering, — ycfc, rather 
than fall out of ranks, and bear the stigma which at- 
taches to the man who "plays out," they voluntarily 
threw away their scanty earnings, and resolved to en- 
dure the hardships of chilling and shivering night af- 

r night. The rapid march from Knoxville was cer- 
Liiinly most unfortunate for all concerned, and was a 
heavy, staggering blov/ to the popularity of our brave 

vid efficient Colonel. 
We were surprised to find Knoxville surrounded by 

ich a bleak, desolate, barren looking country; but 
when we reflected that this portion of East Tennessee, 
had been for a year and a half constantly traversed 
^7 opposing armies, we ceased to wonder that litth; 

,ore than an army-trodden soil remained. In the 
city itself, nearly evei'y one was greatly disappointed. 
We had often heard it extolled, as one of the best bi'.iir 

id most beautiful cities of the South. We four; ^ 
mass of dismal, dilapidated, weather-beaten builu:i.„- 
in and upon the sides of a deep hollow ; witli narrow. 

luddy, filthy str-eets, and surrounded by very for; 



■e lines of breastworks, forts and allsort^' 
appliances. The portion of the city Wc 
liollow, was the only agreeable, or pie 
,;rt of the place. It is quite well built, 
: e of very fair width and in good com.u:. 
\ noxville Avas ever entitled to praise for its 
lUst have been before it became the th* . 
'.iiitary operations, and successive sieire . 



T (!(•■ 



248 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

On tlie 15tli of March, tvc passed over the battle- 
fields adjacent to the city, noting as we marched along, 
the very extensive graveyards, made by the rebel army 
^vhen here encamped — and soon came into a more hos- 
pitable looking country: one that had not been entirely 
laid waste and desolate by military occupation, ^ye 
encamped about seven miles from Knoxville that night, 
and on the following day went into camp on the Hol- 
ston River, about a mile and a half below Strawberry 
Plains. Here we remained until the baggage trains 
oame up. The 3rd Division, meanwhile passed on up 
the Railroad, and encamped in the vicinity of Nevr 
Market. It was now well known that we were to ad- 
vance along the Railroad towards Bull's Gap, as rapid- 
ly of the Railroad could be put in repair. 

On the 23rd of March, the wagon trains began to 
come into camp, having reached Kuoxville on the cars, 
the evening before. The next day, orders were received 
to march at 8 o'clock the following morning. We now 
found that we had with us, three times as much bag- 
gage as one wagon and team could transport, and f 
store it at Knoxville so early in the season, would in- 
volve no inconsiderable hardship and exposure. An 
additional team for each Regiment was finally procur- 
ed, and all the baggage that could not, with twD teams 
be carried forward, wag to be left in charge of an offi- 
cer with a sufncient guard, to be brought forward on 
the cars, vrhen we should again go into camp. 

We marched through Strawberry Plains, now only a 
place of half a dozen houses and a depot, early on the 
morning of March 25tli, and in a few hours cam.e into 
a much more level and fertile section of countiy, than 
we had found in the vicinity of Knoxville or Strawber- 
ry Plains. The weather, which had for three or four 
days been damp and chilly, now. moderated and becamie 
very warm and Spring-like. About two o'clock, we 
r.-v-n,] through the pleasant little town of New Market,. 



MAECH TO BULL'S GAR 249 

uud encamped about four o'clock p. m,, on Mossv 
Creek, about a mile from the E-ailroad depot of thalb 
name. The next mcrning, after marching through a 
very good farming country some eight miles, we came 
to Morristown, where we halted an hour for dinner. 

Morristown is a small place, containing only two or 
three hundred inhabitants, trnd in passing through we 
gained the impression, that it was like an isolated sec- 
tion of Smoky Row, Nashville. We encamped that 
night, about a mile from Russcllville, on the very 
ground, occupied by the rebel army under Gen. Breck- 
cnridge, more than a year before. Many of the .old 
cabins and shanties were still standing, and afforded us 
plenty of wood for our camp-fires, without the trouble 
of chopping. The town of Russellville contains some 
three or four hundred inhabitants, and has a much 
more cleanly and cheerful appearance than Morris- 
town or Strawberry Plains. Perhaps the fact that a 
school was still sustained here, gave us a very favor- 
able impression. 

On the morning of the 2Tth, wo marched some ten 
or twelve miles, and went into camp at the base of 
Hay's Mountain, within a mile of the pass, which has 
obtained the historic name of Bull's Gap. It is mercly- 
a defile through the lofty mountain ridge, through 
which the Railroad from Knoxville to Lynchburg pas- 
ses ; and hence it became a sort of gateway, through 
which troops moving from Virginia to Tennessee, or 
in the contrary direction, were compelled to pass. The 
mountain ridge being inaccessible for cavalry or artil- 
lery, it was not difficult to fortify this narrow puss, so 
that a comparatively small force, could here hold a 
large one in check, for a long time. The position dur- 
ing the past three years, had been alternately held by • 
the rebel and Union forces, and each had expended 
considerable labor upon the fortifications, mainly near 
the top of the adjacent ridges. It is by no means as 



250 HISTOBY OF THE REGIMENT. 

strong a pcsition for defense as Bazzard Roost Gap, 
in the Chattagutta range, in front of Dalton ; yet 
could have been fortified, so that it coukl only have 
been taken with great difficulty, if held by five or ten 
thousand resolute men. 

When We went into camp on the Western slope of the 
mountain, near the Gap, it "Q'as reported that we woulu 
remain here some weeks ; as the Railroad was only re- 
paired to this point, and East of the Gap for several 
miles, it was said to be entirely destroyed. But wc 
were destined to remain here only over night. On the 
morning of !March 28th, wo passed through the Gap 
and ma.rched about six miles nearly due East, until Wr 
crossed Lick Creek ; and on the banks of this sluggish 
muddy stream we halted, and finally went into Camp. 
The position of the ord Brigade w^as within a few hun- 
dred yards of Shield's Mill ; and the Headquarters of 
both Brigade and Division, were established iii the near- 
est houses to the mill. Half a mile South of this mill, 
is a bro;id swamp known as Sv/an Lake, over which the 
Railroad crosses on trestle-work, nearly a mile in length. 
This bridge, together with about six or seven miles oi 
the Railroad adjacent, had been completely destroy e<l 
by Gen. Gillam several months before ; and we were 
compelled to rebuild it, before advancing further toward 
Virginia. • Though the trestle-work was only about 
twenty feet in height, it took considerable hewed timbci 
to rebuild it. As soon as our camps were laidoif, hea- 
vy details were every day mado,^ to cut timbr-- '" :■ ■ 
trestle-work, and ties for the Railroad', andth; 
ued during the next two weeks. 

Gen. Stoncman with a heavy Cavalry force, ha<"i 
started out a little in advance of us from Knoxville : 
iHid now we began almost daily tohea-'- ^■■'.■^ • vi<. •<''"T' 
r!i." A'irgijiia line and in North Caror. 
this time well satisfied, that as soon, or as ill-^i :;■; t::' 
line of Railroad could be completed, we v^'ore to advn.n'.'i 



CAMP AT SHIELDS' MILL. 251 

mto Virginia ; and thousands were daily prophesying 
the speedy overthrow of the Confederacy, Avhen the 
armies of Grant, Sherman and Thomas should co-oper- 
ate in the vicinity of Richmond. 

On the 3rd of April, we received news that Gen. 
Grant's army Y»as in motion, and at half past five the • 
same evening, it was oiBcially announced that Richmond 
was in our possession — Gen. Wetzel having taken pos- 
session at 8 o'clock A. M. As soon as the announce- 
ment vt'as made, cheer aftef" cheer rung, and resounded 
through the length and breadth of our Camp. Soon 
the Artillery began to peril forth the glorious news of 
victory and triumph, and there was in every camp, the 
most boisterous manifestations of enthusiasm and de- 

Tlic 4tli day of April, was almost exclusively de- 
voted tc talking over the grand achievement of the 
Union army, undertaken some thirty months before ; 
and now completed, after so many months of the hard- 
est fighting, the world has ever beheld. From time 
to time, dispatches were received, and as each 
was read to the excited midtitudo of soldiers, 
loud, long, and hearty cheers would rend the air, and 
resound for miles through the surroimding, valleys, 
tields and woods. We realized that many of our 
brave and noble comrades in arms, must have fallen, 
daring the gigantic movements, that culminated in 
'be downfall of the great citadel ; but in view of the 
■'isive victory and its momentous results ; few were 
(dined to dwell upon the loss of life, or even to men- 
:.tu the terrible sulferhigs of the wounded, in these 
.lys of jubilant enthusiasm and rejoicing. 
During the ensuing week, the greatest anxiety was 
lily manifested to hear the news ; for we were await- 
; g the announcement, that G en. Lee and his army had 
rrendered. On the 10th day of April, the fervent- 



2d2 • HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

ly anticipated tidings came; and again tlic lond 
shouts, and cheers of joy and triumph, rung and re- 
verberated from camp to camp. The very liberal 
terms of the surrender, were read with unaffected de- 
light ; for it is not in the heart of a true soldier, to 
-feel vindictive, speak unkindly, or act .ungenerously 
toward a valiant, yet vanquished foe. The unflinch- 
ing resolution and stalwart courage of the rebel army, 
had won oftentimes a high degree of admiration, 
from those who had withstood their furious onslaughts 
on the iield of battle ; and now that we were victori- 
ous, and they were forced to yield, and give u]^ thr 
contest ; the almost unanimous wish was, that tlu 
highest degree of clemency and magnanimity, sliQulci 
be exercised tov/ard the mass of the rebel army. The 
fechng between the men of the hostUe and opposing 
armies, during this great struggle, was never charac- 
terized by the malignant hatred, usually inspired in 
the hearts of those engaged in a civil Avar. The men 
were only enemies while in the ranks ; and to-day, 
those who were for many weary months, soldiers in 
the Union army, at the front, have more respect for 
the men who stood in the front rank, lighting against 
them, than they can ever entertain for a certain clas;- 
at the North, who were crying out for teace, when 
it could only be attained b}- the dissolution of ou.i 
glorious Union. 

As soon as the news of Lee's surrender was con- 
lirmed, we felt confident that the end of the great 
Eebellion was rapidly approaching ; that a fe-w more 
weeks would close the terrible contest, in which so 
many thousands of the most patriotic and noble heart- 
ed citizens of our. countrj'-, had laid down their lives, 

AS THE PRICE OF THE UNION RESTORED AND PRESERV- 
ED. In the hours of our rejoicing, over the surren- 
der of the great rebel Chieftain, and his almost invin- 



NEWS OF THE ASSASSINviTION. 253 

<'il)lc arniy; wc began to think, and talk constantly 
of home. Bright visions of a speedy, and joyful re- 
turn, to the homes of our childhood, to the embrace 
of our beloved kindred, arose before the minds of 
thousands of war-worn soldiers. We felt that the 
hour was now rapidly approaching, when our services 
would no longer be needed, in the tented field and 
van of battle. We realized that the great work of 
crushing the most stupendous Rebellion, ever organ- 
ized for the overthrow and destruction of any go\ern- 
ment on Earth, was now nearly aclneved. W^e knew 
that the expiring monster was now writhing in the 
herculean grasp of the union farmj-, under command 
of our brightest military leaders, Grant, Shermau 
and Sheridan : that the only remaining rebel force 
would Ije speedily compelled to surrender, and Avlicn 
"the last armed foe" was vanquished, our return to our 
homes, families, and friends, would not be long de- 
layed. Hence, day. by day, was there intense anxie- 
ty to hear the news ; m'ght afrer night, did thousands 
of volunteer soldiers dream of home, and their lieai'ts 
most cherished idols. 

An novr, in these hours, when triumphal rejoicings 
were continually interwoven with eager longings, for 
the "home-born joys, that nestle round the heart;" an 
infernal plot, for the destruction of a hfe more valuable 
than any other in the nation, was rapidly maturing. 
The final canpaign was rapidly verging toward a suc- 
* cessful termination ; the army in the field, and thous- 
ands of patriotic hearts at home, were "waiting for the 
dawn of peace;" and yet each midnight hour brought 
together in secret conclave, the fell conspirators — the 
fiends in human form — whose act was to spread dismay, 
anxiety, and sorrow over every city, town aud district, 
yea even every household, in this ocean-bounded land. 
The 14th day of April, was throughout the army as 



254 IILSTURY OF THE IlEGIMENT. 

well as tlic whole country, set apart as a day of thanks- 
giving. In the army it was strictly observed. Drills, 
and all other usual duties — except the indispensable 
picket — were suspended ; and the day, if not devoted 
to prayer and praise Avith the lips, was consecrated in 
tiie hearts of those who had borne the brunt and shock 
of battle, in defense of their beloved country. It was 
an anniversary long to be remembered, of the day when 
the first shot was fired upon the loyal garrison of Fort 
Sumter ; and thousands were hoping that to-day, the 
rebel Gen. Johnson with his entire army, would be 
forced to surrender, that we might for all tirae to come, 
commemorate on the same day, the beginning and the 
end of the great Rebellion. In our Division late in the 
afternoon, a large audience assembledat the Headquar- 
ters of the 2nd ]>rigade, to hear the speeches, deliver- 
ed by Gen. Kimball, Col. Waters, Col. Moore, Major 
Hicks and others ; and at night, at a party given at 
Gen. Kimball's Headquarters, the gayest officers of the 
Division enjoyed a social dance, with the ladies, (we re- 
gret that we cannot say chaste, refined arul elegant lor- 
dies,) of the vicinity. 

The morning of April loth, was dark, foggy and dis- 
mal. Soon the rain began to f\il], and shower succeed- 
ed shower until evening. About noon the terrible ru- 
mor began to circulate through c.imp, that President 
Lincoln and Secretary Seward were assassinated; yet 
for hours it gained little credence, being attributed to 
some mischievous soldier, who was desirous of creating 
a sensation. About five o'clock in ihe evening, a dis- 
patch from Gen. Thomas to Gen. Stanley, confirming 
the terrible news, that our Chief Magistrate, the man 
more sincerely esteemed, honored and admired, by the ' 
rardv and file of the army, than any other living, had 
fill] en by the hand of an assassin. The terribly start- 
ling news, verified as it ■ was, b}^ an ofiicial dispatch 
from the highest authority of the Department, sent a 



NEWS OF THE ASSASSINATION. 255 

<'l!ill ofdrcail through the stahvart fVamcs of thousands, 
who had faced the cannon's mouth undaunted ; pro- 
(ku'ing an almost bcnumbning sensation of horror and 
<lismay. A strange look of pain, anxiety, and grief 
<»versprcad the countenances of all who heard it. The 
fiendish deed was too horrible and appalling, its possible 
consequences too momentous, to be realized, as soon as 
the great national calamity, and bereavement was an- 
noun6ed. There was no outburst, even among tlie 
ever enthusiastic and warm-hearted soldiers, of vindic- 
tive or revengeful feeling. No immediate denunciation 
of the incarnate demons, who had perpetrated the hide- 
ous crime was heard. The terrible enormity of the of- 
fence, appalled the bravest heart, chilled tlie warmest 
blood, and withheld, choked up, and suppressed every 
expression of agonizing thought, and overburdened 
feeling. Who can analyze "the whirlwind of the hearts 
emotions" in this solemn hour ? AYlio can portray iu 
definite language, the gloomy tlioughts that then o'cr- 
tasked the brain — the disheartening emotions thac 
swelled the heart of many noble soldiers, too full fur 
utterance ? 

If the head of our nation, in the presence of his 

family, and surrounded by thousands of his Avarmesc 

friends, could be stricken do^yn by an armed assassin ; 

if the chief adviser of the President could be assailed 

in his own house, and notwithstanding the exertions of 

kinsmen and friends, bo brutally murdered upon hi> 

'^ickbed; who could determine where next the thun- 

•rbolts of depravity and vengeance might strike'-'' 

,riio could tell who might or who might not becomes 

'le next victim I If our honored and dearly beloved, 

.•esidcnt only ha^l fallen, we coul 1 possibly have at ■ 

. ibuted the dreadful, damning cri.nc to personal an- 

-.osit}^, hatred, or a thirst for vengeance. But the 

ict, that at the same hour, other blood-thirsty desper- 

loes had sousrht to take the life of our '2:reatest states-. 



256 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

man; fixed at once the conviction in the minds of all, 
that an extensive conspiracy was in existence, and that 
the death of the President "was intended as a decisive 
step towards the swift destruction of the Government. 
6ome in those hours of silence and dismay, thus rea- 
soned : President Lincoln has been shot, and instantly 
killed by the miscreant Booth, not because of personal 
ill-will and malignity, but because he is the head of the 
Government. The blow Avas aimed at our national ex- 
istence, as much as at thelifeof our honored Chief Magis- 
trate, and his able Secretary. It is the work of a se- 
cret band of conspirators, nnd Booth is but the 
tool — the executive agent — of that band of traitors. 
Will the work of assassination stop at this juncture, 
with the Vice President still alive, and the power and 
energies of the Government but temporarily paralyzed? 
May not the telegraph, within an hour, bring to our 
ears the awful intelligence, that the Vice President and 
all the members of the Cabinet, have shared the fate of 
the illustrious and deeply lamented President ? May 
not Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Thomas, all our great 
military chieftains, as well as our wisest and best states- 
men, fall in a few brief hours, by the pistol or the dag- 
ger ? Who that is now filling an important position in 
the councils of the nation, or in the military field, can 
be accounted safe in this appalling, terror-inspiring 
crisis ? Who can imagine v,hat terrible and moment- 
ous disasters are impending ? Will the Government, 
that has so successfully withstood the shock, and by 
military power almost cruslicd the armed force of hun- 
dreds of thousands of traitors, commanded by the 
ablest and most sagacious generals ; be able to sustain 
itself against the legions, who may Imve left .the open 
military field, with the fell design of still accomplish- 
ing the horrid purposes of the rebellion ; by frequent- 
ly, at midnight hour plying the deadly dagger, or by 
administering poison to those who hold the reins of 



NEWS OE THE ASSASSINATION. 257 

r-overnmentl Our great, good, noble, and well-beloved 

; resident, is stricken down wlien least suspecting dan- 
ger; when the whole North is loudly rejoicing over the 
friuraphs of our arms; when paens of victory are re- 

■ ■rberating from ocean to ocean, when like Moses of 
old, he had led his people in sight of the promise land 
of peace. 

Is it possible for this infernal rebellion, by fiendish 
assnalts, by the assassin's hand, still to succeed ? 
Have all our noble comrades fought and ftillen in 
\iiin ? Is the v»-ar, -which yesterday seemed almost 
ended, in fact but just began ? Must we yet for 
many years, be separated from our friends and kin- 
dred dear — nor taste the jo^^s of home? T hough t:5 

ach as these, and feehngs that no mortal tongue can 
iitter, nor pen reveal, in that solemn hour swelled 
the hearts of war-worn soldiers, too full for utterance. 
These soul-harrowing thoughts caused that strange 
look of anxiety and pain, in the hour when it wa^j 

aow'n that the soldier's friend, the bondman's deli-.- 

vYQY, the nation's preserver, had passed from' earth to 

Heaven ; from the place of highest earthly honor, to 

glorious immortality. We felt that we stood by 

'le President's open grave, to repeat 

'Bo silent ! there cometh on spirit wings sped, 
The wail of a nation in grief for the dead ; 
The strong and. the mighty, from glor}- and light, 
Hath waned in his brightness, and left us in night ; 
The proud eagle banners all droopingly wave, 
And the wild winds are hushsd round the PresidenTd 
grave. 

A deep brooding sorrow comes over the heart, 
A moan like the tempest, when summers depart : 
A gushing of a:\guish, unbroken and still, 
As tolieth the requiem o'er valley and hill, 
The sun that rose bright o'er the free and the brave, 
Now is setcing in gloom o'er the Pr(?Siident's graven 



258 IIISTOHY OF THE ili^uiiiii^^vT. 

Be silent ! our Father hath laid him to rest, 

A hero of battles hath yielded his crest : 

A statesman has fallen — his counsels are o'er; 

Hid firmness and wisdom shall guide us no more, 

Let cannon boom forth and the banners all wave, 

While wc mingle our tears o'er the President's grave." 

Ill the solemn silence ol that hour, many 
thousands of brave men, who had for years endured 
all the hardships and privations of* a soldiers hfe, and 
fouglit on a score of battle-iields for their nations de- 
liverance; now, in view of the nations loss, were bovr- 
ed down "wit-h anxiety and sorrow, and prayed— even 
as fervently as did the Roundheads on the eve of bat- 
tle, in England's great Civil war — that our govern- 
ment might stih be preserved, and deliA-ered from the 
hands of its secret enemies and assailants. 

Only an hoin^ aht'ter the terrible news came, our 
Regiment was ordered to march against a band of 
guerrillas, said to be in the vicinity of Allen's Bridge 
on the Nolechucky (called "Chucky,")- River. They 
set out at dusk, and marched thirteen miles that night, 
over horribly nuiddy and rocky roads, halted three 
hours for rest and refresiiment; and at dajdight went 
forward three miles, to the bridge, but found no en- 
emy, and the same da}' returned to camp. 

On the loth and 17th, we regret to say, that seve- 
ral men in our Divisio7i were arrested, for rejoicing- 
over tlie death of the President. They were gener- 
ally Kcntuckiaiis, and no doubt bitter rebels at 
heart. 

On the 18th of April, wc received orders, immedi- 
ately to move to Bull's Gap, and tliei-e take the cars 
for Nashville. Whither we were bound, no one 
could possible determine, but all' were pleased with 
the idea 'of moving in that direction; though we 
might not for many months be permitted to retiu-n, 
to the anxiously waiting loved one?, "in our own be- 
*loved homes." 



CH.VPTFR XX 

TUIIN TO NA.SHVILLE — REPOETS AND KUMORS — GRAND 
ItEViEW — TRANSFER OF THE 84tH ILLS. VOLS. TO 2nD 
BRIGADE, AND WATERS-GROSE IMBROGLIO. 

On the same day that we received orders to return 
to Nashville, onr whole Division moved to Bull's 
Gap, and encamped in the vicinity of the Depot. 
The next morning the other Divisions of the Corps 
arrived, and as rapidly as trains could be provided ; 
the whole Coi'ps began to move, via of Knoxville and 
Chattanooga, to Nashville. Transportation for so 
large a force, could not be immediately procured, so 
it was nearly two weeks, before the whole command 
reached its destination. The wagon trains were 
unloaded at the gap, and sent to Knoxville to take 
the cars ; while all the baggage, and army stores 
were shipped directly through with the troops. In 
{starting on this tri}), our Division was agahi in ad- 
vance, as it had been in leaving Ilnntsville ; but our 
Brigade was almost at the rear of the Division; Jjence 
it was not until the 21st, that our Regiment loaded 
their baggage, and left the Eastern mountain gate- 
way of East Tennessee. 

On the evening of April 23d, m'c reached Chattan- 
ooga, taldng a parting look at the beautiful scenery 



260 HISTOHY OF THE REGI^IENT, 

of East Tennessee, as the sun went down beyond the 
lofty peaks of the Cumberland Mountains ; over 
which we had come in the noble army of Gen. Rose- 
crans, some tvv^enty months before, to take part in 
the terrible battle, and defeat at Chickamauga. Then, 
the rebellion was at its zenith, its armies more nu- 
merous and powertul than ever before ; now, it was 
ended, and its last army negotiating for favorable 
terms of surrender, to the incomparable Gen, Sher- 
2)ian, 

On the 23d of April we arrived at Nashville, and 
instead of stopping at the depot, as we had anticipa- 
ted, the train ran out about three miles on the North 
Western Railroad ; and here we were ordered to un- 
load our baggage. We marched -out two miles on 
the Charlotte pike, from the station or switch, t" 
which the cars brought us; and on the 24tli, hi 
out a permanent camp, about half a mile West 
Richland Creek, and only a few hundred yai'ds fr* > t 
the Charlotte pike, by which, the distance was about 
live and a half miles, to the city. 

Our camp was laid off, in a piece of open timber- 
land j completely overgrown with blackvberry brin/ 
and broom brush ; but when cleared off and th 
oughly policed, it became a dry, pleasant and hcalt ' . 
location. A small spring, almost within our Rt 
mental grounds, • afforded us, abundance of ■ wn ' 
for drinking and culinary purposes; and the crt- . 
less than half a mile distant, was convenient for wa-,- 
ing, and bathing. 

After going into camp, we soon began to get a 
«:ood supply of vegetables and Sanitar}" stores, in ad- 
dition to the usual army rations ; so that our living 
was far better than it had generally been, when at 
the front, or hundreds of miles from the base of sup- 
plies. We were near enough the city now, to get 



RETUEN TO NASHVILLE. 261 

•tlie daily papers, and each niorniiig.^Iiuiidredrf \verc 
anxiously awaiting the arrival of the aewsboy. Nev- 
er was an army more eager for news, than at this 
time. The surrender of Johnson, had not been offi- 
cially announced, the pursuit of the nmrderers of the 
President was in progress, and we were watching 
closely "the signs of the times", and ^inly endeavor- 
ing to determijie, wliether we should be speedily nuis- 
tered out and sent home, or retained in service, until! 
the close of our term. 

On the 27th, the news came that the assassin 
Booth was killed, having defied the force who at- 
tempted to take him prisoner, and refused to surren- 
der. The announcement that he had fallen, occasion- 
ed, some expressions of jof, but more frequently of 
regret, that he had not lived to suffer ignuminiously 
on the scaffold, the penalty of his awful and hideous 
crime. 

Two daj'^s later, it vras officially announced that the 
last remnant of the rebel army in the East, under 
command of Johnson, had formally sm-rendered to 
Gen. Sherman ; that the terms of surrender had 
been strongly disapproved by the secretary of war, 
and that Gen. Grant had set out to join Gen. Sher- 
man, and conclude the negotiations, The papers 
contained extended accounts, of the manner in which 
Ctcn. Sherman had betrayed his trust, by assuming 
unauthorized powers, and granting the rebels a full 
pardon for all past offences ; but the men who had 
fought under Gen. Sherman on the famous " At- 
lanta campaign," were not inclined to belie^'e it pos- 
sible, for their honored favorite to make such a grave 
mistake. 

On the first day of May, Gen. Stanley issued an 
order naming the camp which we now occupied, 
"Camp Harker ;" in honor we presume, of the la- 



262 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

mented Gen. Harker, who fell, in charging the ene- 
my's works in front of Kenesaw Mountain, on the 
27th day of Jmie, 1864. On the following day, the 
papers annonnced that the was army to be immedi- 
ately reduced to 400,000 men ; and with this news, 
came the rumor that Gen, Stanley with the 4th Army 
Corps, had been ordered to Texas ; where the rebel 
Gen. Kirby Smith, w^as still holding at defiance, our 
small force in that Department. This rumor occa- 
sioned no little excitement, for there were many who 
had for the past two weeks, been confidently expect- 
ing soon to mustered out of service, and sent home. 
The prospect of going to a very w^arm climate, at 
this season of the year, was by no means agreeable. 
The idea of serving four nfonths after the war was 
ended, was in short so disagreeable, that hundreds re- 
fused to give credence to the rumor ; and as many 
more, swore and grumbled, and denounced the le- 
gion of officers, who, it seemed to them were unwill- 
ing yet for a season, to be deprived of their high pay, 
and honorable positions. 

For more than a week, rumor succeeded rumor in 
rapid succession. One morning it was said that Gen. 
Stanley had prepared his " farewell address" to the 
Corps, Mdiich he was about to leave, to take com- 
mand of the cavalry, stationed in /Vi-kansas and Tex- 
as ; and that his address would be delivered on the 
following day. Next came the report, that the Regi- 
ments which volunteered in 1862, would be immedi- 
ately mustered out, and that transports were arriving at 
Nashville, to convey all the AVesteru troops to Cairo, 
Ills ; that orders had been received to have all arms, 
accoutrements, etc., etc., placed in good condition, to 
be turned into store ; that the veterans would be 
retained in service, and could not now be paid, be- 
cause all the available means at the command of the 



RETUEN TO NASHMLLE. 2G3 

Guveriiuient, would be required tc» pay oft' the troupd, 
going out of service. And so it continued, a new rc- 
pyrt, or a fresh rumor, for ever hour in the day. 

On the 5th, the routine of camp life, now begin- 
ning to grow monotonous, was broken by an unusual 
spectacle, which caused no little excitement. A ser- 
geant of the 21st Regt. Ky. A'ols., upon hearing that 
the President was assassinated, expressed the most 
fervent joy, fairly shouted with delight. He was im- 
mediately arrested, had been tried by the Division 
Court Martial, and was now punished, by being dram- 
med through the camp of ever}' regiment in the Divi- 
sion, prior to being sent for three years to a milita- 
r}'' prison. A band playing the "•E.ogne's March," 
preceded the guard, who with fixed bayonets, all 
pointed towards the culprit, conducted hun from 
<.'amp to camp. The prisoner was a man about thir- 
t3"-ilve years of age, robust, vigorous, and apparently 
enjoying excellent health ; and while with closely 
shaven head, he marched the tedious round, his 
countenance bore not the slightest indication of re- 
gret, or shame ; but only that sullen, nu)rose, dog- 
gedness, that is ever observed in the most hardened 
and desperate criminals. Such an infliction of pun- 
ishment in the army, usually occasioned unpleasant 
feelings, excited emotions of pity and regret ; and 
but few soldiers hearing the doleful tune, would turn 
out to see the offender ; but on this occasion, almost 
every man in the Division, hasteiicd forth to sec the 
base miscreant, and villaui and thus assist in his pun- 
ishment. 

On the 9th day of May, a grand Review of the 4th 
Corps, by Gen's. Thomas and Stanley, passed off jk 
the finest possible style. The troops were in excel- 
lent health and spirits ; their clothing, arms, and ac- 
coutrements, were in splendid condition ; they hju. 



364 HISTOKY OF THE REGIMENT. • 

ntiincd long enough in camp to relish a brisk marcli 
> few miles, in the lovely Spring weather. What 
.l)ated not a little to enkindle the spirit and en- 
\<m, manifested on this occasion, was the fact 
lie grand parade took place on the field where 
■tic of Nashville was fought, and a glorious 
won, only a few months before ; and the pop- 
onored and beloved Generals, who comraand- 
iie hours of battle and victory, now conducted 
•• iew. Thousands of the loyal, yea, and dis- 
.lizens of Nashville, of both sexes, came out to 
, the last review of a Corps, which had on the 
lign to Atlanta ; but more espccialh^ at the bat- 
1 JOS of Franklin and Nashville, won a noble and glori- 
ous reputation, if not imperishable fame. The 
marching and music, as well as the arrangement of 
troops upon the field, indeed everj'thing connected 
v.-ith the T\liole imposing spectacle, was truly grand 
and magnificent. 

Gen. Thomas was delighted with the spirit and en- 
thusiasm, evinced by the Corps, and declared this the 
hai:)piest day of his life, Gen. Stanlej^ invited all 
the field and staft officers of the Corps, to his Levee, 
the same evening, and there expressed the unalloyed 
pleasure, the especial happiness he had experienced, 
on^tliis memorable occasion. The day was quite warm 
;iud tliough the soldiers returned M-earj- and foot-sore 
. :.p, they were too proud of their achievements, 
;^.' inucli excited by the pompous parade ; to regret 
Tor an instant, having taken part in the wearisome 
marching and counter-marching, which constitute^ 
"he piiiicipal part of the imposing spectacle — tlio 
■-Icndid pageantry of a ''Grand Review." 

On the iBth of May, the news began to cil'culate th.-it 
r.-iv Regiment, was immediately to be transferred, from 
'.- <i1 <o the 2nd Brigade ; but as it M"as nr^t generally 



TRANSFER OF THE 84TH. 265 

credited, it received very little attention. The next 
morning, however, when it was confirmed by an order, 
a very profound sensation was i*oduced, intense excite- 
ment was manifested, and deep regret and indignation 
were expressed throughout the Regiment. A protest 
against the change of position, was vehemently talked 
of, and had one been drawn up, probably three-fourths 
of the officers and men of the Regiment, would have 
signed it. It was at once understood, that the whole 
scheme must have originated with Col. Waters, and 
that it had been effected entirely through his influence 
at Division Headquarters. By no one else, at this 
time, was any change of position desired ; for we knew 
that the war was ended, and confidently hoped, in a 
few weeks to return to our homes. It involved neces- 
sarily, the labor of moving to another place, and pre- 
paring a new camp. It took us away from the men 
^witli whom we had long associated, from Regiments 
with whom we had marched and fought for many, weary 
months ; and placed us among those with whom we 
were but little acquainted, and in which we had few if 
any personal friends. 

We were the only remaining Regiment of the 
"old 10th Brigade," of Gen. Nelson's Division ; or of 
the "old 3rd Brigade," of Gen. Palmer's Division , 
and now it was asked, on "what pretext are we to be re- 
moved?" A single line fully answers the inquiry: be- 
cause Gen. Grose has returned to take command of the 
Brigade, and Col. Waters has detee,mixed iso loz^ 
(JER to remain under HIS COMMAND. This removal 
then, was understood to be the final termination of. a 
fierce quarrel, and malevolent contention, which had 
been most persistently carried on betAveen Col. (nov/ 
Brig. Gen.) Grose, and Col. Waters, for more than two 
years ; in fact, ever since the day of the battle of Per- 
ry ville. We have in previous chapters, briefly noted 
the treatment Avhich our Colonel and Regiment receiv- 



26() HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

cd from time to time, at the hands of the Brigade com- 
mander; passing by many unpleasant incidents, and 
fully intending in this Chapter to give a fair statement 
of the unfortunate imbroglio ; but now, when the war 
is over, and the injuring and injured have returned to 
their several avocations in civil life ; we have finally 
concluded, not to let the published history of our Reg- 
iment be defaced, by the recital of the counter insults 
and recriminations, which emanated from both our 
Refcimental and Brisrade commanders, in their vindic- 
tivc, long-contipued quarrel. It is undoubtedly better, 
to strive to forget that it ever had existence, than by 
the reiteration of the several incidents to stir up bitter 
feeling, and kindle afresh in civil life, the fires of pas- 
sion that raged so relentlessly in the army. There are 
events, which the members of the 84th Regt. 111. Vols. 
can never forget ; there were actions on the part of 
Col. Grose, during the period we were under his com- 
mand, that only the most charitable members of the 
Regiment can ever forgive. We allude especially to 
Gen. Grose's Ofiicial Reports, of the battles of Stone 
River, Franklin and Nashville ; but as we have hereto- 
fore mentioned their injustice, unfairness and malignity, 
we need not now dwell upon them. In passing we will 
only add, that we do not undertake any defense of Col. 
Waters, in the course he saw fit to pursue towards Col. 
Grose ; he is abundantly able to defend himself, and 
we trust vindicate his every word and action. We 
know that he said and did much, to annoy and aggra- 
vate the Brigade commander, who was ever on the 
alert to return insult for insult, and to repay insult and 
obloquy with abuse and injury. Our ground of com- 
plaint, as a Regiment, was, that the Brigade comman- 
der lacked the candor and magnanimity which are so 
essential to a true soldier and gentleman ; without 
which he was unjust and vindictive to our Regiment ; 
not because it vras in fault or failed to do its whole 



TEANSFER OF THE 84TH. 267 

duty, but solely on account of his animosity to\\'ard 
our commanding officer. It seemed to us pitiful and 
contemptible meanness on the part of Col Grose, -when 
on many occasions he selected our Regiment for severe 
and unpleasant duty, only, as we believed, to gratify 
his malignity toward Col. Waters. But enough, as to 
this unfortunate affair. The officers and men of the 
Regiment, on the 14th of May, 18G5, in their anxiety 
to be mustered out of service and return home, ■were 
careless and indifferent, as to who should, for a few 
brief weeks be their Brigade commander. The Colonel 
was still suffering from the base imputation of cowar- 
dice contained in Gen. Grose's Report of the Battle pf 
Franklin, as well as from the effects of his gun-shot 
wound ; he had found the stigma cast by the malicious 
report, harder to endure than the pain inflicted by the 
rebel marksman, and hence was determined to be re- 
moved from Gen. Grose's Brigade. The Regiment were 
content to let the base imputation, hurled at them in 
the Report of the Battle of Nashville, pass by unno- 
ticed ; feeling assured that it was not in the power of 
one weak-minded slanderer, to stain their proud es- 
cutcheon, or sully their glorious reputation, won at 
Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Rescca, 
Kenesaw, Jonesboro and Franklin. But Col. Waters 
felt it w^as his right and duty to defend his Regiment 
when assailed, and ere Gen. Grose returned from his 
electioneering tour through Indiana, all the arrange- 
ments were completed, for the transfer of the Regiment 
to the 2nd Brigade. For a day or two there was an 
outburst of passionate denunciation, and muttereil 
curses were heard along the line, and throughout the 
camp ; then it subsided into a series of repinings and 
regrets, and was scarcely mentioned after we were fair- 
ly established in the new camp, situated only a mile 
further to the Northward. 

We were soon very comfortably (juartered, for the 



268 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

weather was now becoming quite warm, and there was 
more shade in our new situation, than in our first 
camp. The orders for daily drills still continued in 
force, but were executed only in appearance, not in re- 
ality. Companies going out lo drill, would take along 
a few pair of horse shoes, perhaps a chess board, and 
certainly a few packs of cards ', and as they were ac- 
customed to march toward the most densely timbered 
portion of the neighborhood, rather than out into an 
open field, and returned fresh, cool and vigorous ; it 
cannot be presumed that their evolutions were very nu- 
merous, or that they suifered much from the heat or 
constant marching. 

Col. Waters was now almost constantly absent, be- 
ing on duty as President of the Division Court Mar- 
tial ; and Lt. Col. Morton having taken quarters at a 
house about two miles from the Regiment, devoted most 
of his time to the society of his Avife and numerous 
friends ; j^t almost daily rode over to see that the 
Regiment was properly employed, and to bring the 
'atest reports from Corps Headquarters. 

On the 22nd of May, he came with the startling re- 
port, that we were to move immediately to Texas ; and 
as he was greatlj'' excited over the sad news, he soon 
had half the Regiment regretting it, or swearing at 
their ill fortune. A few shrewdly suspected, that some 
one at Corps Headquarters, had been trifling with his 
anxiety, and operating upon his fears; and had given 
him this unwelcome message to bring to his Regiment ; 
and so it eventually proved. Rumors were now the 
order of the day, and it was remarkable if we had not 
a dozen, quite contradictory in their tenor and sub- 
stance, every twenty-four hours. We had very little 
iluty to perform, and a feeling of homesickness began 
to creep in upon the minds and spirits of even the moit 
mirtliful and lis-ht-hcarted. 



CHAPTER XXL 

MUSTER OUT OF SEUVICE — GEN. KHIBALL's FARE■\^'T:LL 
UltDEU — JOURNEY TO CAMP BLTLER, AND FINAL DIS- 
CHARGE. 

The last ten daj^s of M&y, 1865, were probably 
among the most tedious, to nearly every member of our 
Hegiuient, of any ever passed or endured in the ser- 
vice. We were lying in a pleasant cam]), having 
plenty to eat, drink, and wear ; but scarce <1f money 
with which to buy' books, or papers to read; and 
generally having little to do, " but tliink of "Home, 
sweet Home !" Home-sickness, like many other dis- 
eases, is eminently contagious , and though we had 
numerous antidotes, in the shape of rumors of a 
speedy muster out ; yet as the lirst of June drew 
nigh, four tifths of the whole Regiment were sc\('r(*- 
ly afflicted. 

On the 25tli of ^lny, it was confidently asserted 
that an order had been received at Corps HeadMua:- 
ters, directing that the troops whose term of service 
expired prior to October Ist, 1865, should be imme- 
diately mustered out, and sent to their owni States to 
1)0 discharo;ed ; vet it was not until late in the even- 
ing, on the first day of June, that the order was ofh- 
cially pronuilgated. As soon a^s it was received and 
announced, the camp was wild with oxcitenieiit. and 



270 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. . 

cheer after cheer rung out on the still air of the quiet 
and lovely summer evening. It was speedily known 
to all, that each Regiment would be mustered out, as 
soon as the rolls were prepared ; and those first ready 
for muster, would be the first to start for home. So, 
early on the following morning, the Adjutant went to 
Division Headquarters, and received instructions, and 
a large quantity of blanks ; and before noon the offi- 
cers of each company were busily at work, preparing 
a "specimen roll." That night each company fin- 
ished a complete roll, accounting for every man in 
each company, or that had ever belonged to it ; and 
tlnis accounting for the whole aggregate strength of 
the Regiment, when mustered into service. These 
I'olls were examined at Division Headquarters, and 
pronounced correct ; and on the evening of the 3d, 
most of the companies had finished more than half 
of the seven rolls, required for each ; when the order 
came from the mustering officer to stop work, for the 
specimen Rolls did not come up to the requii'ements, 
of the chief mustering officer of the Corps. During 
the next twenty-four hours, but little progress was 
made, for no one seemed to know what was essential 
to the rolls, and what was not; and our facetious Com- 
missary Sergeant came to the sage conclusion, that 
the otlicers and men of the 4thCor]is, were in service 
for life, not possessing intelligence enough, to nmster 
themselves ftut. 

However on the evening of June 4th, our Division 
nmstering officer decided, that our rolls so nearly con- 
foi'med to the requirments of his superiors, that ho 
would muster out the Regiment upon them, as soon 
as the seven or eight copies were completed. Each 
officer was required to have eight rolls, and this was 
no inconsidera])le piece of work, Avhen all the goo(i 
l>enmen of the Regiment, were so l)usily employed 
npon the company rolls. 



MUSTER OUT OF SERVICE. 271 

The scores of men who had been on detached duty^ 
now began to pour into camp ; so that the Regiment 
was considerably larger than it had been for many 
months. Quite a mimber now rejoined us, who had 
l)een two years absent, and were almost strangers, to 
those who had "borne the burden and heat of the 
day." 

Besides the numerous Muster-out Rolls, it now be- 
came necessary to pre})are Descriptive Rolls, for all 
men who were absent on duty, or in the nos])ital. 
Discharge papers lor each officer and man, was anoth- 
er rather tedious piece of w'ork,imperatively required ; 
but on the evening of June 6th, all were tinished, and 
only needed the signature of the Regimental Com- 
mander, before being sent to the Mustering Officer for 
iinal examination. 

Major Cox, during these days of hurried prepara- 
tion to leave the army, was constantly with the Regi- 
ment, doing all in his power to push forward the 
work; but Lt, Col. ]\Iorton Avas away on some Court 
of Inquiry or Commission ; and Col. ^^"aters, usually 
so prompt, vigilant and anxious to be first in anything 
to be accomplished ; now scarcely devoted more than 
an hour per day, to the important business in wliich 
we were engaged. IMost of the officers, and a major- 
ity of the men, each day would fret and gruiiible, or 
swear, on account of his seeming neglect ; and a visi- 
tor would have thought, from the declarations so con- 
stantly repeated in our camp, that he had very few 
friends in the Regiment. Yet the Colonel had a rcj 
markable ability, lor regaining the favor and good- 
will of his Regiment ; and was able almost in a day, 
to recover his former position as a fricTid, smd I'avur- 
ite. As Goldsmith says of Garrick 

"He thiew off his friends, as a huntsman his pack, 

For he kne^v when he wished, he fould whistle th'. in Lack." 



272 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. 

Yet, about t]iis time, it seemed as tliougli lie would , 
fiud it "dry whistling," ere all relapsed into good liu- 1 
mor. 

On the 7th of June, all our mules, harness, pio- 
neers' intrenching tools, and quartermasters' stores, j 
were turned into store at Nashville ; and everything ' 
was in readiness for muster, except that the rolls 
vrere still unsigned, and the Colonel was not heard 
from by the llcgiment, until near sunset, and then 
did not remain half an hour in camp. He should 
probably be excused, for this apparent remissness and 
neglect ; for the reason that his wounded arm was 
still very lame, and he was barely able to write for a 
few minutes at a time, without severe pain. Though 
he signed no papers that night, and did not return 
till late in the afternoon of the following day ; yet 
early next morning, all the rolL were placed in the 
hands of the mustering officer, signed as required. 

This delay in signing the rolls, was more annoying, 
from the fact, that we fully intended to be the first 
Regiment in the Corps, prepared for muster ; and 
so no doubt we were, yet one Regiment of the 3rd 
Division was in advance of us, in starting for home, 
and took the cars on the 8th, "homeward bound." 
While we were thus busy, preparing to leave the 
Division with whom we had so long been incorpora- 
ted ; the veteran regiments M'ere being paid ofi^ rnd 
reorganized into two Brigades, preparatory to a Sum- 
mer campaign in Texas. 

On the 8th day of June, 1865, we were finally 
mustered-out of the United States Service ; and the 
same evening made preparations for starting, on the 
i)th to Camp Butler, Ills., to be paid off and dis- 
charged. Before 9 o'clock on the morning of tlic 9th, 
the baggage was all sent oft" to the depot, and at 10.} 
t/clock, the Regiment started for the city. On this 



MUSTER OUT OF SERVICE. 273 

:.arcli, wc were to pass directly ]jy the Headquarters 
t' the Division, and confidently anticipated seeing 
our honored, beloved and very popular Division com- 
mander. Gen. Kimball, once more ; and thonglit it 
quite probable he would make a brief speech, in bid- 
ding us good-bye. In this we were disappointed, 
for the brave and noble-hearted old General, had 
pnr])osely rode avvay, declaring the he "could not bid 
the boys of the 84th Ills, good bye," He had hovv-- 
e\'cr, that morning prepared a farewell order, which 
he directed his adjutant to deliver, when our Regi- 
ment came along on the way to the city. Vv'e lvne\\' 
that he had highly esteemed our Regiment, and were 
very much gratified by this special mark of respect. 
We insert the order at length — knowing that every 
member of the Regiment, will ever be justly proud 
" of the noble commendation bestowed in it, and grate- 
ful for the yery unusual expression of goodwill, esteem 
and friendship, which it contains. 

GEN- KIMBALL'S FAREWELL ORDER. 

Headquarters, 1st Division, 4th A, C. } 
Camp Harker, Tenn., June 9, 1865. > 
Colonel L. H. Waters, Commanding 84th Illinuij; 
Colonel : You, with the otiicers and men of the 
84th Illinois, after three years of gallant devotion to 
''he cause of our common country, in this war against 
jbellion, are now about to return to yonr homes 
with honor unsullied, and with reputations bright 
with glory. Your deeds \\ill live forever. In nearly 
, cry battle of the Southwest, you have been engag- 
• \1; at- Perry ville, Stone River, Chiekamauga, Look- 
>ut Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Reseca, Rocky Face, 
Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw, Jonesboro, Love- 
joy, Atlanta, Franklin and Nashville.jyou have borne IIk 



■274 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. 

Flag of the Union and the banner of your noble 
State, to victory, over the foe who would have de- 
stroyed the Government made by our fathers. God 
has given you the victory ! Remember Him. And 
now that the war is over, the rebellion at an end, re- 
member those you have conquered — use victory as 
becomes true men, true soldiers. Return to your 
liomes "with enmity toward none, and charity to all". 
I know you will be the best of citizens, because you 
liave been the best oi soldiers. While we live, en- 
joying the honor and privileges your valor has won, 
sacred, let us ever cherish as the idols of our hearts, 
the memory of our comrades, who have given up their 
lives for the salvation of our country — who fell by 
your sides battling for the right. Remember the 
widows, and orphans, of our dead comrades. Be true 
to them, as our comrades were to us and to the coun- 
try. My comrades: Accept my gratitude for your 
devotion to me personally. You have been true 
and noble soldiers — may God ever bless you, and 
crown your lives with happiness, and each of you 
with honor, peace and plenty. J3e as you ever have 
been, true to God, to country, friends and your- 
selves. Comrades I again God bless you ! Good 
bye. NATHAN KIMBALL. 

Brevt. Major Gen. Comd'g. 

About one o'clock, the Regiment reached the depot, 
and at half past three we started toward Louisville, 
"homeward bound." Nothing of special interest oc- 
curred on the trip, except that Capt. McDowell was 
left at a wood station, and three or four men met with 
the same misfortune, at some of the stations within a 
hundred miles of Louisville. Arriving at Louisville at 
half past 11 o'clock, p. m., we were so fortunate as to 
get transportation the same evening, via Portland to- 



MUSTER OUT OF SERVICE. 275 

Wards Lafayette, Ind. We marched down to Portlanr^, 
and about four o'clock crossed the Ohio River, having 
only three hundred and forty-six men in the Regiment, 
out of nine hundred and thirty-two, who were our com- 
rades in crossing some thirty-two months before. Nearly 
six hundred men had we lost, in battle, and by disease, 
while on the South side of the Ohio, and on duty in 
the Union Army, crushing the "great rebellion." Such 
was life in Dixie, during the heat of the terrible con- 
test, during the tedious months we were marching and 
fighting for the glorious Union, bearing onward, to ul- 
timate victory, the Star Spangled Banner. 

On reaching Louisville, Lt. Col. Morton and lady 
immediately crossed the river to JefFersonville, and we 
were compelled to leave them, to complete the journey 
to Camp Butler alone. About G o'clock, p. m., we 
left Portland for Lafayette, Lid., having passenger 
cars for the men, and a baggage car for the Field and 
Staff, that is, for Regimental Headquarters. Soon 
after sunrise, on the following (Sunday) morning, we 
began to realize that we were again in "God's country." 
Hundreds flocked to the depots at every station we 
passed, and scarfs and handkerchiefs were waved at 
every house near the Railroad. They waved us a "wel- 
come home," and the boys replied by a rousing cheer, 
as at each house and station, the loyal inhabitants 
rushed forth to salute "the loyal, true and brave," 
who had "fought the good fight," and were now rap- 
idly hastening to rejoin the loved ones at home. About 
fifty miles South of Lafayette, we came out of the 
rough timbered country, upon a broad prairie, and in 
a moment a long ringing cheer arose from the whole 
Regiment. It was the first prairie we had seen for 
many months, and strongly reminded all, that we were 
approaching our beloved and beautiful Prairie State. 

We arrived at Lafayette about 1 o'clock, and were 
here compelled to wait until dark, before we could get 



276 HISTORY OF THE REGBIENT. 

n train to Springfield. Here again, v/e lost a couple 
•of officers, who Avere getting supper when the train 
started. And here too, had it not been for the prompt 
action of Col. Waters, in suppressing in true army 
style, a few grog-shops ; Ave might have had several in- 
toxicated men to bring into the State, after an absence 
of almost three years. At half past ten o'clock, the 
same evening, Ave crossed the State line; and Avhen the 
sun rose on the morning of June 12th, Ave were cross- 
ing "Grand Prairie" about ten or fifteen miles East of 
Decatur, 111. 

About 11 o'clock, a. m., we arrivrod at Camp Butler, 
and instead of taking quarters in the Barracks, march- 
ed out some sixty rods beyond them, and encassped on 
the banks of the Little Sangamon River. We were 
the first Regiment, of those about to be mustered out, 
that reached this point of rendezA-ous, and Avere prom- 
ised a speedy discharge. 

On the 13th, it was intended that the Regiment 
should march through Springfield, to Oak Ridge Cem- 
etery, to visit the grave of the beloved and lamented 
President Linccln, and then return to our last camp; but 
a storm came on in the morning, and continued most of 
the dsbj, so we were deprived of the opportunity of 
^paying a deserved tribute to the soldiers friend — 
t;-:e Nation's preserver. 

Day after day, the mustered-out Regiments arrived, 
so that in the course of a Aveek, quite a large force had 
encamped in the vicinity of Camp Butler. 

On the 14th, all of our ordnance and ordnance stores 
Avcre turned into store, and Ave were again, as Ave were 
for Aveeks at Camp Quincy, soldiers Avithout arms. 

On the morning of the 16th, everything being in 
readiness, all the goA'^ernment property in possession of 
the Regiment Avas sent to Springfield, to be turned into 
Ktore, and the Regiment marched into the enclosuri . 
Avhich surround? the Barracks at Ca,mp Butler, to ri 



-AlUSTER OUT OF SERVrCE. 



I'i < 



eive their pay and final discliarge. The brief speecii 
made by Col. Waters, when the dismemberment of the 
Regiment was about to commence, was said by tliose 
who were so fortunate as ta'hear it, (the author was 
absent on duty),'to have been a forcible and brilliant 

iitburst of soul-stirring eloquence — a farewell address 
so fraught with genuine feeling, and pointed allusions 
to the scenes of the past three years, that every feeling 
of animosity -^s swept away in an instant, and he be- 
came to one and all, as truly admired, esteemed and be- 
loved, as when he cheered and assisted on the tedious 
"larch through Kentucky, or led his shattered remnant 

i a Regiment from the blood-moistened battle-field of 
vStonc River. Would that we could here present it to 
our readers, but this is impossible, as it was entirely an 
impi'oraptu, extempore effort. It was received with 
deafening cheers, by the whole Regiment, and if it can 
never appear in print, its import and substance is en- 
graven on the hearts of those, whom it was his highest 
delight and honor to command, during the period when 
it was demonstrated to the whcle world, that A Repub- 
lic IS THE STRONGEST. A? "ELL A3 THE LEFI GOVEIIX- 
.AIENT ON EARTH. \ 

Lt. Col. Morton .1 mi ir^ij. .^u-^, .<., tVu.i as Col. \\'a" 
ers, were greeted by rousing cheers; and then the 
work of ' ' ' "harge — disintegration and 

dissolutic. jommenced. In the course 

of ii few hours, the several companies were paid, and 
received the honornoi^ .V'-'-'mnnial, of having served 
nearly three year;:: their beloved country, 

in its season of gr x and danger. 

At three o'clocl: June 16th, 1865, the 84th 

Regt. 111. Vols., as a ivCguucntal organization had ceased 

to exist ; but it has left a bright, a glorious, an impcr- 

-hable record. Its hard-earned fame will be handed 

lov/n to future generations untarnished, un obscured ; 

md in the minds and hearts of the true patriots of the 



278 HISlt)RY OF THE REGIMENT. 

State of Illinois, it will ever be known as one of the 
best, most intrepid and unflinching, of the many noble 
Regiments, who went forth to succor and save the best 
Government, that mortal wisdom and patriotism has 
ever established. All could heartly, yea, proudly re- 
peat the following stanzas: 

"Three weary years of toil and blood, 

With loyal hearts and true ; 
By field and fortress, plain and flood, 

We've fought the rebel crew ; 
But Victory is ours at last, 

The mighty work is through ; 
Sound drums and bugles loud and fast, 

This is your last tattoo. 
Chorus — Farwell, farewell, to march and fight, 

Hard tack a fond adieu ; 
Good-bye Old Glory, for to-night 

We doff" the army blue. 

comrades that may ne'er return, 

Who sleep beneath the dew ' 

On Chickamauga's gory field, 

Or Lookout's crest of blue. 
Where e'er your blood has sealed the faith, 

We broua'nt in triumph through ; 
Good-night to glory and to death. 

And that's good-niorn to you. 
Chorus — 

Farewell to pens and prison holes, 

Where fiends themselves broke thro' 
And tortured noble, captive souls 

That they could not subdue. 
Yet in the fulness of the day, 

Heaven's justice did we do; 
Disaster, famine, ruin, may 

Make fearful answer true. 
Chorus — 

Good-bye to muster and parade, 

Good bye the grand review; 
The dusty line, the dashing aid. 

Good-bye our General, too 



iilUSTER OUT OF SERVICE. 279 

Good-bye to war, but halt ! I say, 

John Bull, a word with 3''0u ; 
Pay up old scores, or wc aj^ain, 

May don the army blue." * 

Chorus-. — 

About 9 o'clock, on the evening of June lOtli, mnst 
•of those who had been members of the Regiment, took 
the cars at Springfield, in a few hours to rejoin the loved 
ones at home. Early the next morning, a part were 
warmly welcomed by the citizens of Quincy, 111. ; an- 
other portion were also welcomed with a splended din- 
ner at Macomb, 111. ; and companies 11, K, and G, 
reached home the same night, or on the following morn- 

The day of arrival at home, will no doubt by most 
of the Regiment, be ever remembered as the proudest, 
happiest day of their lives; and the hea.rty welcome 
everywhere received; but especially by each member in 
his family at home, will long be recalled by every one, 
Avith unfeigned satisfaction and delio;ht. To have be- 
longed to the 84th Regt. 111. Vols., to have shared 
in its trials, dangers and triumphs ; is at the present 
hour, and for ages, will be considered an honor, higher 
than could be conferred by any authority on earth. In 
the minds and hearts of hundreds, its history is writ- 
ten by its immortal deeds and terrible sufferings, on a 
score of blood-stained battle-fields. The honor of hav- 
ing shared, even in its hardships, privations and suf- 
ferings, is a priceless inheritance to hand down to fu- 
ture generations ; and it is possible that centuries 
hence, this hastily written, and very imperfect histo- 
ry, will be read with tears of patriotic joy, by tfic de- 
ascendants of those, whose noble sacrifices, whoso, un- 
flinching efforts, whose deeds of imperishable honor, it 
so indefinitely records. ., \ ■ 

If in the present National crisis througli which our 
■country is passing, or at any futuie period, this nurra- 



280 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT, 

tivr .-ds of valor done," by one, or the many 

noble Ilegiments, sent by our great State into the field, 
tor wreath its name with glory and honor, during the ex- 
istence of "the great rebellion ;" shall even in the 
slightest contribute to fan the latent flame of true 
patriotism, or kindle afresh an ardent and zealous en- 
thusiasm, for the eternal preservation of the wisest, 
noblest and best Government, upon which the sun has 
ever in glory shone; we shall feel amply repaid for the 
arduous toil of the composition, and gratified in the 
highest degree, in having bestovv'ed less than "the wid- 
ows mite," for a great, good and noble purpose. We 
have not undertaken, by this history, to commemorate 
the services and perpetuate the honor of our beloved 
Regiment ; that honor, if it lives immortal, must sur- 
vive in the hearts of our countrymen f our service if 
truly commemorated, will be emulated by a like devo- 
tion to the cause of our common country, should it 
ever again be threatened with dismemberment and de- 
struction. We have hoped to gratify, those v/ho were 
members of our noble Regiment, by placing in their 
hands an authentic record, to which they might fre- 
quently refer, when recalling the incidents of their 
term of service, in their later years; when as vigor de- 
clines, the most tenacious m^emory gradually beeom.es 
vravering and defective. To this, can they come ■ 
tainty, to this appeal with pride and pleasure. 

And now kind reader, having so long borne with us, 
in this tedious narration of plain, blunt facts, we have 
only to say to you, that we hope your time has not 
been wholly squandered ; but that you may, in the fore- 
going pages, have gained some food for reflection, and 
found some incidental truths underlying or interwoven 
with the facts, that will tend to inspire you with great- 
er zeal for our country's honor, prosperity and glory, 
and with firmer courage ever to battle for " OUR 
COUNTRY, THE TRUTH, AND THE RIGHT 



I>^RT II. 

An A.bstract of Regimental 
Secords. 

CHAPTER I. 

INTRODUCTION — KOSTER OF THE FIELD AND STAFF, AND 
ABSTRACT OF PERGONAL RECORDS. 

From necessity rather than clioice, we have divided 
the History of the 84th E.egt. Ills. Vols., into two 
parts. A Eegiment must be considered as a whole, 
as it enters upon its duties, and performs its part in 
the great drama of war. Yet it is a whole, organized 
by the consent and agreement of the thousand indi- 
viduals who compose it ; and each of this thousand 
must perform his dut}', and act his part, while the 
whole is achieving the ends for which it is organized. 
A complete history of a Regiment then, should C(jn- 
sist first of a record of the services and achievements 
of the whole, as an entity ; and secondly, ot a rec- 
ord of the part performed, and services rendered^ by 
the individual members. Thus, it will be a Regi- 
mental history, and also a personal history of the in- 
dividuals who entered into the orii;anization. 



282 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

AYitli this idea iu view, we have in the preceJing^ 
portion of this vohniie, endeavored faithfully to re- 
cord the services and achievements of our Regiment, 
as an organization ; and now come to the individual 
historj, or personal record of the several meml3ers. 
This we are compelled to condense and abridge to 
tlie greatest possible degree, or enlarge our volume to 
an unmtended extent. Hence, we give the original. 
Muster Rolls of each Companj'-, and opposite the 
name of each man, place a brief record of the most 
i nportant incidents in his term of service. This^is 
termed fcie "Personal Record" of the individual 
members of the Regiment; and is intended to contain 
a brief outline of each man's actual services and 
achievements. It gives the date of each promotion, 
the names of the battles in which each mem])er ^vas 
engaged — if wounded, when and where, — if he died 
of wounds or disease, the date of death and the place 
where it occurred, — if discharged, on what account — 
if transferred, to what organization, etc,, etc., as will 
be noticed in the succeeding pages. 

This Abstract was carefully prepared from the 
Books of each Company, and especially the Morning 
Report Books, a short time before the Regiment was 
disbanded ; and has since been tilled out and com- 
pleted, by insertiiig many incidents remembered by 
ineml^ers of the Regiment, and especiallj'' by the offi- 
cers, to whom v/e are sincerely gratefal for their val- 
uable contributions. 

We found the Company Records, gcnerall}-, m- 
dcfinite and imperfect, and do not pretend to say, that 
exact and even-handed justice has been done, to all 
tlie in(iividual members of our noble Regiment. Wo 
hav^c endeavored to be entirely accurate in every date 
and statement, and without "fear, favor or predju- 
dice," have garnered ail we could from the Regimen- 



SECORD OF FIELD AND STAFF. 283 

tal Records. If injustice is done to any soldier, lie 
must attribute it to his company commanders, and not 
to the author ; for most of the facts stated in the fol- 
lowing abstract, are from the company books, or the 
surviving company officers. 

Our limited space has compelled us to make use of 
many contractions and abbreviations ; most of which 
we doubt not, will be understood without explana- 
tion. A few, perhaps, should be mentioned in this 
place, to avoid any obscurity or misapprehension. 
In the names of the battles in which the Regiment 
engaged, S. R. is used for Stone River; Chiga. for 
Chickamauga ; L. Mt. for Lookout Mountain ; M. R 
for Missionary Ridge ; Atl. campn. for Atlanta Cam- 
paign, etc, etc. Again, prom, stands for j^-omt^ted ; 
must'd. for mustered; hosp. for hospital; and V. R. C. 
for Veteran Reserve Corps. 

With this introduction and explanation of our de- 
sign, we hope the following abstracts will be found 
intelligible, and present first — 

THE PEESON.AL EECOED OF THE FIELD AND STAFF OF THE 
REGIMENT. 

Louis H. Waters, Col. In battles of S. R., Chiga., 
L. Mt., M. R.; on Atl. camp., till Aug. 22d, 1864 ; 
severely w^ounded in battle, at Franklin, Nov. 30, 
1864. Prom, to Brv't. Brig. Gen. at the close of 
the war. Mustered out with the Regt., June 8th, 
1865. 

Thomas Hamer, Lt. Col., was with Regt, on Ky. 
Y camp, slightly wounded at S. R., Dec. 31, 1862. 
Resigned, disabled by w^ound, July 24, 1863, 

Charles H. Morton, Maj., with Regt. on Ky. camp, 
and at S. R. slightly wounded at S. R. Det'ld on 
Gen. Palmer's Staff, and taken prisoner at Chiga. 



251 ABSTBACT OF EECOEDS. 

In Libbj Prison till May 1864. On Atl. Camp. 

after June 20th 1864. Commanded Regt. at 

Joncsboro, Lovejoy Station and Nashville. Prom 

to Lt. Col. July 25th, 1863, and to Br'vt Col. at 

Uie close of the War. 
Caleb B. Cox,Maj., Prom, to JIaj. July 25th, 1863, 

from Capt. Co. F ; and to Br'vt Lt. Col. at the 

close of the War. Was with the Eegt. in all the 

battles in which it v\'as engaged. Slightly wound- 

fil at Cli'ga, and again near Marietta, July 4, 1864. 

Clustered out with the Regt. 
Charles E. Waters, Adjt,, Joined Regt. Nov. 6, 1862. 

Taken sick with sciatic rheumatism Feb. 1, 1863, 

and became a cripple for life. Resigned Sept. 29, 

1863. ^ - 

Russell W. Caswell, Ad^t., Prora. to Adjt from 2d 

Lt. Co. G, Nov. 15, 1863. Was in all the battles 

in which the Regt. ^A•as engaged, except Nashville. 

Severely v/ounded at Franldin, Nov, 30, 1864. 

Ret'd to duty, Feb. ^65, mustcrd out with the 

Regiment. 
Samuel L. Roe, R. Q. j\I., on duty with the Regt. on 

Ky. camp. Resigned on account of ill health, 

Nov. 18, '62. 
James A. Russell, R. Q. j\I., prom, from 2nd Lt. co. 

B, Nov. 28', '62. Was aet'g Commissary 3d Brig., 

till Jan. 1, '63 ; from which time he was on duty 
IS Regt. Q. M. till he resigned, on account of ill 

health July 26, '63. 
_Louis A. Simmons, R. Q. M. Prom, from ranks, (see 

(;!). A,) July 26, '63, ; on duty with Regt. till Sept. 

26, '64. At home on leave oi absence until Nov. 

13, '64; on duty till must'd out with Regt. June 

8, '65. . 
James B. Kyle Siu-geon, was ^vith Regt. on Ivy. 

c-anip. On duty in hosp., from Nov., '62 till May, 
6S. AVith Regt. at Chg'a : on duty at Div. hosju 



RECOEIJ OF FIELD AND STAFF. 285 

until Dec. With Regt on Atl. camp, appt'd chief 

Surg, od Brig. Aug., '64 ; must'd out \vith Regt. 
Dmid McDill Asst'. Surgeon, was with llegt. at the 

battles of S. 11., L. Mt. and IL R. Prom, to Sur- 
geon, 80th Ills. Vols., i\[arch, '64. 
Elijah L, Marshall, Ass't Surgeon, M-as not on duty 

with Regt. after it left camp at Quincy. Resigned 

Feb. 19, '63. 
' rank W. Hunter, Ass't Surgeon, prom, from hosp'tl 

steward (see co. B) to Ass't Surg'n, Sept. 3, 'G4 ; 

resigned Sept. 27, 1864. 
Samuel W. Slarshall, Ass't Surg'n, appt'd by Gov. 

of Ills., (a citizen,) joined Regt. Jan. 20, '6''^. 

Must'd out with Regt. 
^alph Harris, Chaplain: was with Regt. on Ky. 

campaign. Resigned Jan. 22, '63. 
iiiram P. Roberts, Chaplain, prom, from 1st Lt. co. 

E (see CO. E,) May 4, '63. Resigned ]\Iarch VJ, 

1864. 

XON C0M5IISSI0NED STAFF. 

John R. Frierson, Sergt. llajor ; see* record co. F. 
Jonathan B. Green, Sergt. Major, prom. Dec. 1, '63; 

see record co. B. 
Andrew S. McDowell, Q. M. Serg't; see record co. F. 
Charles Robert McCoy, Q. IL Sergt., prom. Nov. 27, 

1862 ; see record co. D. 
Monroe P. Edwards, Com. Sergt. ; see record co. I. 
AVihiam 13. Wright, Com. Sergt., prom. Nov. 27, 

'62 ; see records co. F. 
Thomas B. Mamy, Hosp. Ste\vard: see records co. 

A. 
Frank W. Hunter, Hosp. Steward, prom. March 3d, 

'63 ; see record co. B. 
Alexander Blackburn, Hosp. Steward, prom. No\'. 1, 

'64 ; see record co. C. 



CHAPTFR II 

COMPANY A.— ORIGINAL MUSTEK KOLL AND PEESONAL 
RECORD. 

John P. Higgins, Capt., was in Battles of S. R., Chg'a., Atlanta 
Camp., Franklin and NaBhville. Elected at organization of en., 
July 28, '62; mustered in Sept. 1, '62. Resigned Jan 20, '05. 

Thomas G. Wisdom, 1st Lieut., with co. on Ky. camp.; severel}'- 
wounded at S. R., Dee. 31, '62; disabled for life. Mustered 
out Aug. 25, '63, 

William F. Starnes, 2nd Lieut., with co. on Ky. camp., sent to 
IIosp. Dee. 20, '02. Mu.stered out by order War Department, 
May 7, '63. 

Lewis N. Mitchell, 1st Sergt.,with co. on Ky. camp.; severely 
wounded at S. R., in hospital 8 months; in battles of Atlanta 
camp., Franklin and Nashville. Commissioned 1st Lieut. 
Nov. 16, '63, mustered Jan. 20, '05. Mustered out with co. 
June 8, '65. 

John McCabc, Sergt., with co. on Ky camp., in battles of S. R. 
and Chga. Wounded at Chga.; in ho.sp. till May, '64; de- 
tailed in Gen, Field IIosp., May 2, '64. On duty in ho.sp. till 
June 8, '05, must'd out with co. 

Edwin B. Rail, Sergt., with co on Ky camp.; in.battlc of S. R. 

Dec. 31, 62.; accidentally wounded Jan. 1, '03 ; reduced to 

"ranks Jan.J3, 63. Discharged at Chicago, 111., June 11, '03. 

Thomas M. Whitehead, Sergt., v,-ithco. on Ky camp.; detl'd into 
Pioneer Corps Nov. IS, '62. Died at Gal'n, Tcnn., Dec. 11, '02. 

Willis Edson, Sergt., with co. on Ky camp.; wounded severely 
at S. R.; in battles of L. Mt., M. R., Atl. Camp., Franklin and 
Naghville. Promoted to 2nd Lieut, co. A, June 19, '03; to 
Capt. CO. A, Feb. IS, '05. Mustered out with co. 

Warren S. Oddl, Gorp'l, with-co on Ky camp.; imbattiesof S. 
R., Chga , L. ;Mt., M. R. and .\tl. Camp.: in hosi>. from Nov. 



RECORD OF COMPANY A. 287 

'(i4, to Feb. '65, prom, to Sergt. Feb. 34, '63. Mustered out 

with CO, 
Joseph B. Wortman. Corp'l, with co on Ky camp.; severely 

wounded at S. R., Dec. 31 ; disharged on account of wound 

April 2, T.g. 
David J. Tuggle, Corp'l wa.s in battle of S. R.; wounded Dec. 

:'.1,'62; had his arm amputated Jan., '03, died from wound 

-March 31, '63. 
Quincy A. Robcrl^, Corp'l was in battles of Chga., L. Mt., ^I. 

R.; killed on tho skirmish line, near Rocky Face, Ga., May 9, 

'()4. Wasburit'd at Tunnel Hill, near Division Hospital. 
John S. "Walker, Corp'l, was in battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M 

R, and Nashville ; prom to Sergt Feb 24, '63, to 1st Sergt Feb 

1, '05, to Bvt 2nd Lieut at the close of the war; mustered out 

with the CO June 8, '65. 
William J Lea, Corp'l, with co on Ky camp to Glasgow ; sent 

to hosp Nov Y, '62, discharged April 21, '03. 
Thomas J. Starnc'^, Corp'l, with co on pt of Ky camp ; died in 

hosp at Nashville, of Asthma, Feb 14, '03 ; reduced September 

24, '02. 
"William Jones, Corp'l. reduced Sept '62 ; in hosp till Aug '63 ; 

severely wounded in the battle of Chga, and discharged on ac- 
count of wounds, Jan 1, '64, at Louisville, Ky. 

PRIVATES. 

Allen, CufnerW, deserted at Quincy, 111., Sept 22, '62. 
Archer, George C, prom to Corp'l, Ma}^ 8. '63, to Sergt Sept 1, 

'63; was in battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R, Lovejoy St, 

Frankhn and Nashville ; sick in hosp from May to Aug '04, 

mustered out with co. 
Ei'otherton, Silas C, was in battle? of S R. Chga, L m, M R 

and All campun*:!! July :26, '64; died in hosp Aug 7, '04, o.i 

Lookout Moui.tain. 
lilair, Samuel, was in battles of S R and Chga ; sent to hosp 

Sept 2(J. '03; died Oct 20, '03, of chronic diarrhoea in hosp, 

Louisvillc; Ky. 
liutler, Prestrem, with co on Ky camp; discharged Feb 14, '03, 

at hospital. 
Baker, John, was in battles of S Rand Chga; severC-ly wounded 

and died of wounds. Sept '63, in hands of the enemy. 
Carnahan, Fielder, with co on Ky camp, and in battle of Frank- 
lin ; was on duty as Regt'l Blacksmith most of term ; muster .- 

ed out with co. 
Clark, Jacob, prom to Corp'l Feb 24, '03 ; v.-ith co on Ky camp, 

and in battle of S R; discharged March 16, '04. 
Clark, J;;rces S, was in all the buttles in which the Regt was en- 



288 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

gaged ; slightly wounded at S R and at Nashville; mustered 

out with CO. 
Clark, Milton, with co on Ky camp; died Dec 24, 'C2, of Pneu- 
monia; buried by Murfreesboro Pike, 3 miles from Nashville. 
Clarke, 'Bonjamin F, detailed as Orderly at Regt H'd Qr's, as 

Regt Postmaster, June 1, '63, on that duty until Jan 13, '65 ; 

returned to co, and mustered out with co. 
Case, Chaunc}', with co on Ky camp ; detailed as Wagonmaster 

Nov 15, '62 ; disch'd March 23, '63; disability, loss of sight. 
Casto, George W, vvas in hosp from Sept '62, to Aug 27, '63; 

died Sept 20, '63, of disease of the heart, at Chickamauga hosp. 
Casta, Thomas J, prom to Corp'l, Oct '62 ; with co on Ky camp, 

and in battle of S R; discharged at hosp Feb 14, '63. 
Cox, Nathan C, with co ver}' little ; transferred to V R Corps, 

Dec 18, '63. 
Covalt, Abrara B, with co on Ky camp, and in battle of S R ; 

sent to hosp Jan 26, discharged from injury received at S R, 

April 13, '63. 
Crane, John A, was with co on all marches and campaigns, and 

in all battles, except Chickamauga; slightly wounded at Stone 

River ; mustered out with company. 
Case, Edward, prom to Corp'l, May 16, '63, to Sergt Feb 1, '65 ; 

was in all the battles in which the Regiment was engaged; 

slightly wounded, May 14, '64 ; mustered out with co. 
Dunsworth, Dinimon B, was never able for duty ; transferred to 

V R Corps, Dec 18, '63. 
Driskell, John, with co to Somerset, Ky ; died Nov 27, '62. 
Deardorif, Joseph, with co on Ky campn, and in battle S R ; 

wounded Dec 31, '62, on account of wounds, discharged April 

17, '63. 
Davis, John, on duty as Drummer, during the whole service ; did 

good service as stretcher-bearer ; mustered out with co. 
Fenton, George, with co to Glasgow, Ky ; sent to hosp ; dischar- 
ged Jan 6, '63. 
Gadd, Frank, was in all the battles in which the Regt was en- 
gaged ; accidentally wounded Jan 14, and died of wound at 

Nashville, Tenn., Jan 20, '65. 
Green, William T, prom to Corp'l Sept 15, and to Sergt Nov 20, 

'62; detailed into Pioneer Corps Nov 18, '62; transferred to 

Engineer Corps Aug 2, '64. 
Ilolliday, Francis M, with coon Ky campn ; in hosp till Nov 28, 

'63: detailed Regt'l Bugler; killed May 80, '64, near New 

Hope Church, Ga.; buried near fortifications. 
Kclky, James, with co on Ky campn ; detailed into Pioneer 

Corps, Nov 28, '63 ; transferred to Eng Corps, July 27, '64 
Lutz, Granville M, was never really able for field duty; vvas ii' 

hosp three or four times ; in battle of Chgn, L Mtand M R; dr 



RECORD OF COMPANY A. 289 

tailed at Gen F'ld Hosp, Aug 23, '84; mustered out with en. 
Lane, David N, on sp duty on Ky campn ; sent to hosp Dec '62, 

and remained there until discharged, Jan 4, '64. 
Mitchell, Willford, with co on Ky campn and in battle S R ; se- 
verely wounded Dec 31 ; had his arm amputated Jan 20, '63; 
ischarged on account of wounds, March 28, '63. 
Aiacomber, Anson, with co en Ky campn ; killed in battle S R, 

and buried on the field, grave No 23. 
■'''■• -oner, Charles W, prom to Corp'I March 1, '65 ; was in all the 
kirmishes and battles in which the Regc was engaged ; never • 
bsent on any account daring his whole term; mustered out 
ith CO. 

jry, Thomas B, detailed Hosp Steward Aug 12 ; prom to same 
Tov 8, '02 ; reduced March 8, '63 ; discharged at hosp, Na.'^h- 
.ille, Aug 6, '63. 
Morris, Richard L, prom to Corp'i Aug 20, '64 ; in all battles ii% 
which Regt was engaged, except S R; severely wounded Nov '- 
i, '63, charging Lookout Mountain ; mustered out with co. 
in, Michael, with coin all the engagements in which it took 
. art ;• slightly wounded at Chga ; seldom excused from duty ; 
:'.ustered out with CO. 

..ien, Edward, was with co in all the skirmishes and battles 

; 1 which Regt was engaged, prior to May 9, '64; slightly 

.ounded at Chga; mortally wounded at Rocky Face, Ga., 

tay 9, and died of wounds May 11, '64. Buried at National 

■. t'inetery, Chattanooga. 

Owens, Nathaniel, prom to Corp'I March 1, '65 ; was in battles 
of Chga, L Mt, M R, and Atl campn till June 24, when he- 
was severely wounded ; returned to co Feb 27, '65 ; muster.-d 
out with- CO. 
Parks, George, with co on Ky campn, and at S R : severely 
wounded Dec 81; arm amputated Jan 15; died in hosp at 
'•'ashville, of wound, or its treatment, Feb 13, '63. 
rks John, prom to Corp'I Sept 1, '64; was in all^e battles in 
vhich the Regt was engaged ; mustered out with co, 
'scr, John C, with co on Ky campu ; detailed in PJtOiieer Corps 
Nov 8, '62; wounded at S R; transfcrcd to tJitj'gifregr Coips 
Aug 2, '63. - •^'V 

' , •■•ick, Samuel, with co on Ky campn, ^nd at ^}0; shot 
■irough lungs Dec 31, '62; discharged on account of wound 
March 23, '63 ; subsequently died of the wound. 
Patrick, Charles, with coon Ky campn ; sent to ho: , 

'62 ; discharged at Nashville Feb 19' '63. 
Prentiss, Harrison T, in band, transferred to Bri., . May 

20, '63. ■ 
Robinson, William, with co to Somerset, Ky.. ' ' 

Nov 18, '62. 



290 ABSTRACT OF HECORDS. 

Roberts, Charles C, with co on Ky campn and at S R ; wounded 

Dec 31 ; discharged" on account of wound, July 6, '63. 
Hansom, Augustus, in band, transferred to Brigade band, May 

20, 63. 
Bene, Joseph T, was on Ky campn to Glasgow ; in battles of 

Chga, L Mt, M R and Atl campn ; d'etailed as stretcher-bearer 

Nov 4, '64; mustered out with co. 
, Robertson, James T, was in battles of Chga, L Mt, M R ; lost 

his sight, and on that account discharged Dec 'G4, 
Remick, Augustus, sent to hosp Oct 1, '62; detailed as clerk in 

Med Purveyor's ofilce, and remained there on duty until June 

5, '65 ; mustered out with company. 

Simmons, Louis A, with co on Ky campn, nnd in battle of S R ; 

prom to 1st Lt and R Q M July 26, '63.— See F& S. 
?^hoopman, Jacob, prom to Corp'l May 28, '63 ; was wiih co on 

Ky campn ; was sick during battle of S R ; was in battle of 

Chga, L Mt, Ati campn, after June 27, Franklin and Nashville; 

seriously wounded charging L Mt, Nov 24, '63 ; mustered out 

with company. 
Spear, Samuel, with co on Ky campn, and in battle of S.R; lost 

his right arm Dec 31, '62 ; on that account discharged March 

6, '63. 

Shepherd, Thomas J, was m battle of S R; severely wounded Dec 
31, '62; recovered and was transferred to Marine Brigade, 
April 14, '63. 

Sljter, Philo, with co on Ky campn, and in battle of S R; wound- 
ed Dec 31, and discharged Feb 2, '63, on account of wound. 

Slyter, Lorenzo, was reported a deserter from Dec '62 until Sept 
20, '63 ; was in battle 2nd day at Chga ; arrested and relieved 
byordei ot Gen. Palmer, with loss of pay; sent to hosp Feb 
22, '64, and discharged. 

Smyser, John W, sent to hosp Oct 5, '62 ; discharged at hosp 
Dec 15, '62. 

Tuggle, Crawford, was in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M F, 
and on all marches, skirmishes, &o., until June 29, '64; sent 
to hosp June 29, '64 ; detailed in Gen Field Hospital from Aug 
'64, till June 8, '65 ; mustered out with company, 

Vorhes, John, with co on Ky campn ; sent to hosp Dec I, '62 ; 
discharged April 13, '68. 

Voorhies, George R, with coon Ky campn, and in battles of L 
Mt and MR; on duty as teamster most of the time; mustered 
out with company. 

Waters, Joseph G, was act'g Adjt on Ky campn ; with co and 
wounded in battle of S R ; prom to IstLt co C, April 8, '63 ; 
in battles Chga, L Mt, M R and Atl campn ; detailed A-D-C ic 
Gen Kimball, and as such wounded at Franklin ; accidently 
broke his wounded arm Dec 14, '64 ; mustered out with co. 



BECORD OF COMPANY A. 291 

Walkor, Daniel M, with co on Ky campn ; as guard on Railroad, 
taken prisoner and paroled Jan '63 ; in battle of Chga and 
severely-wounded ; transferred to V R Corps, June 13, '64 

White, Thomas W, with co on all inarches, and in all battles and 
skirmishes, except on Atl campn ; musterad out with co. 

Woods, Richard A, sent to hospin Sept'62; dischg'd Dec 25, '02. 

Wisdom, Elijah S, with co on Ivy campn; discharged at hosp 
April 25, 63. 

Willis, Abel P, with co in Ky to Glasgow ; detailed as Fifer, Feb 
8, '63 ; on duty as musician until Nov 30, '64 ; missing after 
battle of Franklin ; was taken prisoner and died at Anderson- 
villo, Ga. 

Willis, George W, with co in Ky till Nov 8 , sent to hosp, and 
returned Feb 8, '63; mortally wounded, at Chga, Sept 19; 
died of wounds, Oct 13, '63. 

Wilson, Zachary, with co to Glasgow, Ky.; in hosp and conva- 
lescent camp till March '64; detailed in Ambulance Corps Mar 
'64, and remained there till discharged with company. 

Whiting, Charles 11, prom to Corp'l Jan 25, '04 ; was in all the 
battles in which the Regt was engaged, on all the marches, 
&c.; slightly wounded June 3, '64, at New Hope Church, Ga.; 
mustered out with co. 

Wells, Christopher C, in hosp from Oct 1, '62, till Jan 22, '03 ; 
discharged Feb 29, '03. 

SUMMARY OF CASUAI-ITIES. 

AYounded at Stone River. — Wisdom, Mitchell, L. N., Rail, Ed- 
son, Wortman, Tuggle, Clark, Crane, Deardorff, Mitchell, W., 
Pelsor, Roberts, Patrick, Parks, Spear, Shepherd, Slyter and 
Waters, 18. Killed. — A. Macomher, 1. Died of Wounds. — 
Tuggle, Patrick and Parks, 3. Wounded at Chickamauga. — 
McCabe, P.aker, Jones, O'Brien, Walker, Nolan and Willis, 7. 
Died of Wounds. — Baker and Willis, 2. Wounded at Lookout 
Mountain. — Morris and Shoopman, 2. Killed on Atlanta Cam- 
paign.— Roberts and Holliday, 2. Wounded on Atlanta Cam- 
paisn. — Case, Owens, O' Brienand Whiting, 4. Died of wounds. 
E. O'Brien. Wounded at Nashville.— J. S. Clark. Diedof Ac- 
cidental gun-shot wound. — Frank Gadd. Total killed.— 3. To- 
tal wounded, — 32. Died of wound.s,— 7. 



CHAPTEIl III; 

.•')MPANY B. — ^ORIGINAL MUSTER ROLJ 'ERSONAJ 

RECORD. 

Vincent M. Grev\-cl!, Capt., v.-as at home sick, when Rogt Vv•:^^ 
mastered; rpjoined Regt, Oct. 5, 1862; was with co. on Ky, 
camp, and in battles of S. R. and Chg'a. Resigned Oct 27, 

i8Ga. 

Lemuel L. Scott, 1st Lt., prora to Capt Nov. 1, '03 : was in ail 
t'ne battles in which the Regt engaged, and on all the march 
os; wounded at S. R. ; was Top. Eng 3d Brig staff at Chga ; 
niustered out with Regt. 

James A. Russell, 2d Lt.; with co. on Ky camp'n, acting Bri- 
Com'sy from Oct. to Jan. 1st ; prom to 1st Lt. and R. Q. M., 
Nov. 19, '62 ; on duty a^ R. Q. M. until he resigned, July 2<'3 
'G3. 

Emmor Dilworth, 1st Sergt: prom to 2d Lt. Nov 10, 'G2; re- 
signed Oct. 31, '63 ; was in battles of S. R. and Chga. 

W'iliiara M. Provine, Sergt ; prom, to 1st Sergt Nor. 19, '62, to 
1st Lt Nov. 18, '63; was in ail battles in which the Regt. 
engaged except Chg'a, untn taken pri.-;oner, July 20, 1864 ; 
exchanged near the close of the war, and mustered out. 

Jonathan B. Green, Sergt. ; prora. to 1st Soirgt, Sept. 1st, '63 
and to Sergt. Maj. Dec 1st, '63 ; was in all the batjtles in which 
Regt. engiAged : mustered out with Regt. 

Edward B. Hughes, Sergt; reduced to ranks Dec, '62 ; desert- 
ed on the battle-field of Chga. ; tried by Court martial and 
sentenced to be shot, April, 1864; commuted by Pres't U. S. 
to imprisonment, during the war. 

i.tlwin Knock, Corp'l ; reduced Dec. 25, '63; prom, to Corp": 
Nov. 1, '64; in all battles in which the Regt. engaged except 
S. R. ; mustered out with co. 
Amos Knock, Corp'l ; prom, to Sergt. Dec 24, 1863 ; woundeu 



RECORD OF COMPANY l\. 293 

at Chga. Sept. 18, 'C3, and on All. camp, June 27, '6-i; died 
of wounds Occ. 11, *'64. 

Robot A. Barson, Corp'l ; reduced Dec. 1SG2, died June 7. '03, 
at Nashville. 

Parkhurst R. Jfiner, Corp'l ; prom, to Scrgt. Dec 27, '63; slight- 
ly wounded at S. R. In all battles &c. in which the Rcgt. en- 
gaged, except L. Mt. ; was at that time sick ; must'd out 
with company. 

Alexander S. Ilolliday, Corp'l ; prom, to Sergt June 1, '(U; was 
in all the battles and skirmishes in which the Regt. took part; 
nuist'd outwitii company. 

Richard H. McClin'.ock, Corp'l ; prom, to Sergt. Aug. 13, 1804 ; 
wounded Sept. 19;>^nd killed Sept. 20, '63, at Chickamauga. 

William J. Moore, Corp'l ; discharged March 27, 1863. 

I hivid G. Ilarland,' Corp'l i wounded at S. R.Jan. 2, '03 ; diccl 
of wounds Jan. 13, '63, at Div. Field Hospital. 

I'lavATKS. 

Atherton, Richard, wounded at Chg'a Sept. 20, '63 ; det'Id in 

Amb. corps. May 1, '64 : discharged Feb. 22, '05. 
Atherton, David, enlisted for a nurse in hospital, and was on 

duty as such, his whole term ; mustered out with co. 
Andrews, Martin, was in all skirmishes and battles with the 
Regt. till June 2o, '64 ; cut his loot, falling timber for fortili- 
catiors, sent to hosp.; returned to co. Feb 6, '65; mustered out 
■vith CO. 

Belford, James, in battle of S. R and wounded at Chg'a Sept. 
19, '03; died of wounds Oct. 11, '63. 

•artholeraew, Levi, wounded at S. R. Dec. 81, IS62; transfered 
to V. R. .corps', 

.\yd, John E., taken prisoner at Chg'a Sept. 19, '63; died at 
Andersonville, Ga. April 16, '64; grave No. 1971. 

ikans, Amos, was with the co. on all marches, camp'n's and 
battles ; mustered out with co. 

Bishop, Daniel, discharged March 11, '63 ; disability from dis- 
ease. 

Bartholomew, Aaron, killed in battle Chg'a, Sept. 19, '63. 

v'liipman, Daniel, det'Id as teamster Oct. '62; on duty as such 
the whole term; must'd out with co. 

Battie, George W. ; iransfcred to V. R. corps. 

Oramblit, Jesse, in 'otittle of Nashville ; must'd out with co. 

Cadwalladcr, Jesse, died of disease, at Bowling green Ky., Dec. 

' 'adwallader, Thomas B., died in hosp. Nashville, Jan. 18, '63. 

Jope, William v., was in battle of S. R. ; det'Id as teamster, 

Jan. ,63 ; on that duty until must'd out with co. June S, '65, 



294 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

Clark George W. was with the co. in all battles etc., in which 
the Regt. engaged, except L. Mt. ; mustered out with co. 

Chappell, W., discharged June 20, '63. 

Cook, Eli, was in the battles of S. R. and Chg'a ; detailed in 5th 
Ind. Battery, Oct. 23, '63; returned to co. April 1, '64; was 
on Atl. camp'n, in battles of Franklin and Nashville ; must'd 
out with CO. 

Dobbins, "William A., was in the battle of S. R. Wounded at 
Ch'ga, Sept. 19, '63; died of wouuds, June 28, '65. 

Dilworth, Harvey W., discharged Dec. 5, '63. 

Easley, Mark B. prom, to Corp'l May 1, '64; in all battles ex- 
cept S. R. ; must'd out with company. 

Easley, Daniel L. was with the co. in all battles except S. R. ; 
mustered out with company. 

Fancher, Levi, wounded at S. R. Dec. 31, '63; wounded severe- 
ly, June 4, '64, near New Hope church, Ga. Discharged on 
account of wound. 

Franklin, Benjamin, wounded Oct V, '62, near Perry ville; tran-^ 
fered to V. R. corps, Sept. 1, '63. 

Farquar, Isaiah W, prom, to Corp'l Aug 3, '63, to Sergt No 
1, 1864 ; with the co. in all battles and skirmishes, and on a. 
marches except the reconnoisance of Dalton, Feb. '64 ; must'Q 
out with CO. 

Grewell, Isaac W, severely wounded at S. R. Dec 31, '62 ; dis- 
charged on account of wounds, March 22, '63 

Green, William F. in all battles in which the Regt. engaged, ex- 
cept S. R. Mustered out with company. * 

Hunter, Frank W, prom, to Hosp. Steward March 8, '63 ; to 
Ass't Surgt. Sept. 3, '64 ; resigned Sept. 27, '64. 

Hughes. David, wounded at S. R. Dec 31, '62; Transfered to V 
R. corps, '63. 

Hughes, Isaac M, discharged Jan 22, '63. 

Highlands, William A. prom, to Sergt Nov. 19, '62, to 1st Sergt 
Nov. 1, '63 ; was with co. in all battles except those of the Atl. 
camp'n ; sent home (sick) on furlough, May 20, and died 
June 18, '64. 

Hasty, William, discharged Jan. 24, '63. 

Hall, Francis, in all battles etc., in which the Regt. engaged ex- 
cept S. R. ; taken prisoner and paroled on R. R. Jati. 1863 ; 
must'd out with company. 

Harland, William V. detailed into Pioneer corps Nov. 18, 1862 ; 
transfered to Eng. corps, Aug 2, '64. 

Hickle, George W. was with co. in battle of Chg'a ; transferred 
to V. R. corps July 25, '64. 

Hoopes Wm., detailed as mechanic and wagonmaster, most o* 
his term ; With co. on Atl. camp'n from July 18, '64, ; in bat 
ties of Jonesboro aud Lovejoy Station; mustered out with co 



RECORD OF CO^klPANY B. 295 

Harland, Monroe, in battle of S. R. Detailed as teamster, shot 
and instantly killed by sharpshooters, Oct 11, '03. 

Hannan, Patrick, was with co. in all battles and skirmishes ex- 
cept S. R. Mustered out with co. 

Hillyer, Thomas, in the battle of Nashville; transferred to V. K. 
corps. 

Johnson, Henry A. taken prisoner at S. R. ; was exchanged and 
deserted. 

Knock, Daniel, died Oct. 1, '62, in hosp. at Quincy Ills, 

Kinsley, William A. discharged April 27, '63 ; disability- rheu- 
matism. 

Koons Andrew J, was with co at S R ; discharged Dec 24, '03 ; 
dLsabilit}', loss of voice. 

Leighty John H, prom to Corpl Nov '64, was with the co in all 
the battles, &c, except Chga and L Mt ; must'd out with co. 

McCamant James P, accidently killed by falling through a hatch- 
way in Hosp No. 2 Quincy, Ills Sept 22, '62. 

Miner John W, killed in battle of S R, Dec 31, '62. Grave No. 

1. 

Miles Augustus, Killed in battle- of Chga, Sept 19, 'C3. 

Mitchell Coleman, wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; died of wound, 
April 3, '63. 

Moore Ephriam S, wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; returned to 
CO, 1S63 ; was in the battles df Chga, L Mt, and M R ; sent to 
Hosp, ilay 9, '64 ; died of dysentery, June 9, '64. 

Miller Hartshorn J, detailed in band, Q M Dept, and at Div H'd 
Qrs most of the term ; was in_,battles of L Mt and M R ; must'd 
out with CO. 

Murphy, George A, killed in battle of S R, Dec 31, '52 ; grave 
No 2. 

Miller, Amos G, detailed into Pioneer Corps, Died '62; died of 
small pox in hosp Quincy, III, Dec 7, '64. 

Nance, Henry H, detailed in hosp ; on duty in hosp dep't his 
whole lerm ; act'g Asst Surgeon at L Mt hosp from Nov 6, 
'64, until discharged May 26, '65. 

Pratt, Henry C, was on duty as orderly at Brig Hd Qrs most of 
his time ; co records do not state in what battles ; mustered 
out with CO. 

Parks, Joseph M, taken prisoner at S R, exchanged and dest'i?. 

Robinson, Lyman, was with the co on the Atl campn, until 
wounded near New Hope Church, May 27, '64; mustered out 
with CO. 

Robinson, George W, discharged Oct 25, '62 ; disability. 

Robinson, Alexander, was with the co in all skirmishes and bat- 
tles, except S R ; mustered out with co. 

Russell, Dilworth, prom to Corp'l June 1, '64 ; in all the batt!f- 
except 8 R ; was then on detached duty ; mu-;t"d out with >•' 



296 ABSTKACT OF EEC0Ilt)8. 

; F-cb'18, '63, in hosp at Nashville, Tenn. 
,, wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '63; dischargee. 
;w aisal-i«d, i)ee'13, '64.' ■ •' ■ ■'■" 
r-'. vtrr. Jsr.^.3S P, prom to Corp'l Dec 34-, .'eg ; in the battles of 
' L ■■:. h r :^ Pk. and on'>Atl Campn; oh duty atCorps Hd'qrs 
t „..i /. ; = i ; i-i until mustered out with the CO. 
Slambaugb, e/acob, di.~>chaTged at Gallatin, Tenn., Jan. 80, 
St-i?pbaugh, Samutl, prom to Corp'l Dec 24j '63, to Sergt N; 
;a all the battles the Regt. engaged in except' Frac- 
■ "-n furlough; mustered out with co. 

• ; A, killed in battle of SR Dec. SI, 'G2. Grave ^..1. • 
bert, wounded at S R Dec. 31, '62; died of woun i 

■■>. on the Atl camp'n ; sent to hosp Nov, 
' . i 865 at home, On furlough. ■ '"■' !. sr 

T.' ounded severely at S. R, 

,, , ..,.,...,_ . );y wound, Aug 10, 1863. 
., Ebenezer, wounded at S. B. Dec 31, 1862; in all th: 
i and skirmishes in which the Regt ciuiai-tJ, >:xcv\,' 
not able to march; mu^td out with co. 
,, Samuel, wounded severely at Chga, Se. 
oi wound Oct 24, 1864, in hosp Chattanoo-rs. 
Vrddman, Abner G, Killed in battle of S R, O^ 
No. 8.' ■ • . 

Webster, Monroe, died Feb. '25,- 1 

Yost, Samuel, dietl Novo, 1863, m hosp, ytuicrsct, Lty. 
Zuli, Caruthcrs, prom to Sergt Nov 1, 1862, to 1st Sergt I; 
isB'i; wounded at Chga Sept 19, 1863; in battles ot' ib. ix. 
.L. Mt. and M. R. On Atl campn until , May 28, 1864 ; di.s 
charged Nov 24, 1864. 
Zink, J»hn F, discharged Aprill, 1863, at hosp Cineinnati Ohio. 



fNiiled at Stone .River—John W. Miner, Geo. A. Murphy.Joh;: 
A. Sellers and A. G. Wildman,4. — Wounded, Scott, Knock, Har 
land. Miner, Bartholomew, FanGher.^^Grewell, Hughes, Mitchc-li, 
Shaddock, Waiters, Moore and Walker, 13. Died of woundy- 
llarland, Mitchell and Shaddock, 3. Killed at Chickamauga,- 
R. H. McClintork, Aaron Bartholomew and Augustus Miles, :■ 
AVounded—McClintock, Athorton, Beltord, Dobbins, Simp 
KMm and Walker, 6. Died of wounds, — Beli'onl, Dobbins an' 
. " ''^' indcd on Atlanta Campaign — Knock, Robinson 

Died of wounds— Knork, i. Killed by Shar; 
s ,' I .nrne Harland,— by accidental fall — J, P. McCama:; 
-•nded nccidentallv — Benj. Franklin. Total killed S. To 
.-,,,.,, .V, n.- ^r^f „-ounds 7. 



CHAPTER IV. 

COMPANY C. — ORIGINAL ?*IUHTER ROLL AND PERSONAL 
RECORD. 

William Ervin, Capt, was with co on Ky campn at S R Chea 

and on the At'l campn ; detailed as Topographical Enginec' 

of 3rd Brig, and on that duty was in battles of Franklin and 

Nashville; must'd out with Regt. 
Epaphroditus ,C. Coulson, 1st Lieut, was with co on Ky campn ; 

notatSR; dishonorably dismissed, March 11, '03 by order 

of Jfaj Gen Rosecrans, for disloyalty. 
William P Pearson, 2nd Lieut, with co on Ky campn ; resigned 

Feb 22, '63. 
William T Harris, 1st Sergt, reduced to the ranks Dec 5, 'tvi ; 

was severely wounded at S R Dec 31, '62 ; discharged ou 

account of wound, '03. 
John S Provine, Surgt, prom to 1st Sergt Dec 5, '62, on Ky 

campn; in the battles of S R, Chga, At'l campn, Franklin 

and Nashville; wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '63; must'd ci: ■ 

with co, June 8, '65. 
George F Yocum,lSergt, color sergt, with co on Ky campn and 

was killed bearing the Regt'l colors at S R, Deo 31, '62. 

John A Eyru, Sergt, on Ky campn ; in battle of S R ; died of 

chronic diarrhoea^ Jan 16, '04, while at home on furlough. 
"Villiam Pointer, sergt, appointed wagon-master, Sept 7, '62 

reduced Nov 18, 62; dischgd Jan 29, '03. 
:';uiiel Wooley, Corp), prom to Sergt, Sept 7, '62; was in battles 

of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R, and At'l campn . until Aug 5, '64 ; 

wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '03, and again near Atlanta, Ga. 

Aug 5, '64, was at Nashville with ambulance train; must'd 

out with CO. 

Nilliara J Henslcy, Oorpl, died of disease, Dec 19. C2. 
!.7eorge D Hartford, Corpl, died of disease, -^m;^ "^5 '' 



298 A13STEACT OF EECOEDS. 

Edward S Piper, Corpl, prom to Sergt, Apr 21, '63 ; was color 
bearer until his death; died of pueumonia, July 18, '63. 

Alexander Blackburn, Corpl, prom to Sergt, March 1, '63 ; to 
Hosp Steward, Nov 1, '64; with co at S R, Chga and At'l 
carapn, as Hosp Steward at Franklin and Nashville ; severely 
wounded at Chga, Sept 20, '63 ; must'd out withco. 

William Hampton, Corpl, crippled while on duty in camp at 
Nashville, Dec '62; discharged Apr 14, '63. 

Nathaniel Miller; Corpl, reduced June 23, '63 ; died May 22, '64. 

■William H Daniels, Corpl, reduced Nov 18, '63 ; was in all the 
battles in which Regt was engaged except Chga ; must'd out 

with CO. 

PRIVATES. 

Adcock Joseph T, was in battle of S R ; died of congestion of 
the lungs, Jan 6, '03, at Genl Field Hosp, Stone River. 

Avery Daniel, was with the Regt in all the battlesand skirmishes 
in which it was engaged ; Wounded at S R ; must'd out with 
company. 

Broaddus Thomas, Transferred to 78th Ills Vols, Sept 20, '62 at 
Quincy, 111. 

Brooks Sherrod, died of disease, Nov 23, '62. 

Brooks Francis, died of disease, Dec 10, '62. 

Brown David, was in all the engagements in which the Regt took 
part except Nashville ; must'd out with co. 

Butcher Nelson, was on Ky campn and in battle S R ; wounded 
Dec 31, '62 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 

Bowlin .John S, on Ky campn and in battle of Chga; wounded 
Sept 20, '63 ; discharged on account of wound, Feb 18, 'r>4. 

Campbell Alfred, was on Ky compn ; discharged Apr 25, '63 
disability from disease. 

Cord William G, discharged Feb 17, '63; disability from dis- 
ease. 

Chapman William A, was in all the actions in which the Regt, 
engaged except L Mt and M R ; slightly wounded at S R ; 
must'd out with co. 

Champ Martin A, transferred to Marine Brig 1863. 

Draybring Henry, transferred to V R Corps, Oct 6, '63. 

Daily James 0, was in all the battles in which Regt engaged 
excepts R; must'd out with co. 

Daily Isaac AV, discharged Apr 23, '63; disability frorn disease. 

ErvinJes.se T, waswounde.d at Chga, Sept 19, '63, with co on 
At'l campn, at Franklin and Nashville ; must'd out with co. 

Foley William H, discharged Feb 26, '63 ; disabiliiy from dis- 
ease. 

Fairchild Benager, died of disease, June 28, '63, at Ho-sp. 

Ferguson Jackson V, died of disease, Feb 10, 63 at Benton Bar- 



RECORD OF COMPANY C. 299 

racks, Mo. 
Fee Charles W, detailed in Brig Band, June 20, '63 ; must'd 

out with CO. 
Gleason "Washington M, wounded severely at S R, Dec -SI, '62 ; 

discharged, disabled by wound, July 30, '63. 
Hill James, discharged Feb 19, '63, at Hosp, Bowling Green, Ky. 
Harris John, was in all the actions in which the Regt took part 

except S R ; niust'd out with co. 
Hall Henry, transferred to Marine Brig, 1863. 
Herron Wesley C, prom Corpl Sept 1863, to Sergt Jan 15, '63; 

was with the Regt in all the battles <fcc, in which it engaged; 

inust'd out with co June 8, 65. 
Harris George W, was with the Regt in all battles &c, in which 

it took part ; must'd out with co, June 8, 65. 
Herbert Thomas W, was with Regt at S R and Chga, Sept 20, 

'63; severely wounded and taken prisoner at Chga; had leg 

amputated, and was killed by sentinel at Andersonville, Ga. 

May 15, '64 ; Grave No. 1136. 
Herndon Allen A, died of disease, Feb 20, '63. 
Hammer Josiah Y, prom to Corpl Jan 10, '04; was in all the 

battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged except S R ; was 

must'd out with co. 
Hills Jeremiah, discharged Aug 18, '63 ; disability from dis- 
ease. 
Harlin Marcus S, discharged Apr 22, '63; disability from dis- 
ease. 
Johnson James H, was on duty in Adjts and Q M Depts most of 

the term; ordered to co in July '64, slightly wounded July 

22, '64 ; must'd out with co. 
Jones William F, prom to 2nd Lieut Apr 19, 03 ; was in all the 

battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged ; inust'd out with 
"*Rcgt, June 8, '65. 

Kemble Thomas D, transferred to Marine Brig 1863. 
Kemble Anthony W, was m the batttes of S R, Chga, L Mt, 

M R, and Nashville ; must'd out with co. 
Kelsey Cyrus J, discharged Mar 13, '63; disability from dis- 
ease. 
Lea Cicero B, no record after muster. 
JIulvany Isaac N, was slightly wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '63 ; 

transferred to V R Corps, Oct 14, '64. 
Miller Carlos D, prom to Corpl, Dec 15, '62 ; discharged, Oct 

18, '63. 
McQuiston Alexander, died of disease Feb 7. '65, at Hosp. 
Markham Albert, severely wounded in battle of S R, Dec 31, '62 ; 

discharged on account of wound, Mar 23, '63. 



mo ■ ABSTRACT OF EECORDS. 

Martin Thomas J, prom to Corpl June 25, '64; was wounded at 
S R, and again severely wounded at Chga, and slightly on 
At' 1 campn ; was in all tlio battles, &c, in which the Regt 
ungaged, except L Mt, and M R, when he was in Hospital 
wounded ; must'd out with co. 

McDaniei George TV", was severely wounded at S R, Dec .81, *62 ; 
discharged on account of wound, Apr 14, '63. 

Mains David, transferred to V R Corps, Mar 20, '63. 

Maxwell George W, prom to Corpl Dec 15, '62, to Scrgt, Sept 
1863 ; was color bearer from Sept 1863 until must'd out ; was 
with the Regt i.n all battles, &c, except S Rand part of Ac') 
campn ; was wounded near Dallas, Ga, May 29, '64; returneu 
to CO, Sept 25, '04; must'd out with co. 

Neal John W, was with the coin battles oJ S R, the At'l campn, 
Franklin and Nashville; must'd out with co. . • • , 

Pennington Charles W, prom to Corpl, June 25, '64; was ' 
every battle, skirmish &c, in which the Regt engaged ; must ■ 
out with CO. 

Provine James H, prom to Corpl June 28, 63 ; was severe!)'- 
wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '03; discharged, disability by 
wound, Oct 5, '64. 

Piirdam Abraham, was severely wounded at S R, Dec 3il, '02 ; 
died of wounds Feb 15, '03, at Hosp. 

Purdam James, was severely wounded at Chga, Sept 20, '6:^1, 
and discharged; disabled by wound, 1864. 

Pennington Richard W, was killed in the battle ofS K, Dec 31, 
'62. Grave No. 13. 

Pennington VYiUiam T, discharged, May 11, '63 ; disabled from 
disease. 

Rollms John II, died of disease, Jan 2, '63, at Hosp at Nash- 
ville. . 

Ringer William G, was with co on At'l campn until July 20, '64; 
soverely wounded, July 20, '04; had his arm amputated ; was 
discharged, disabled by loss of right arm, Jan 6, '65. 

Soule Harrison, discharged, Jan 23, '63, disability from disease. 

Sumpter Henry, was with the co in all the battles, &c, in 
which the Regt was engaged ; must'd out with co, June 8, '05. 

Simmons Williamson W, died of disease, Nov 23, '62. 

Sweeney John W, was in all the battles in which the Regt 
engaged, except S R ; must'd out with co. 

Strat'tcn^John W, was with the co in all the battles and on all 
the campaigns of the entire term ; must'd out with co. 

Stratton Elijah, prom to Corpl, Jan 16, '04, and to Sergt, Nov 
1, '64 ; was in all the battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged, 
except S R ; must'd out with co. 

Smith Samuel A, was on duly as teamster most of the term ; was, 
in the battles of L Mt andM R ; mustered out with co. 



RECOiiLt Oi'" (JU^MPANi- C. M)! 

Swigart Josiah, was detailed in Pioneer Corps, Nov 18 'i)2; 

was in battle of S R ; died of disease, June 9, '(54. 
Sweeney William, -was with the co in all engagements until 

wounded, June — 1864; discharged, disal)led by wound, 

March 10, '65. 
Smith Edward, severely wounded in battle of Chga, Sept : 

and died of wounds in the hands of the enemy. Sept 212, 'Go. 
Tiindj"- Jeptha M, was with co in battles of L Mt, M R and At'l 

campn, Franklin and Nashville ; niust'd out with co. 
Tenable John W, discharged Feb 6, '63, disability from dis- 
ease. 
Yliet David, discharged, Apr 23, '63, disabilitj'^ from disease. 
Van Jleter Henry, was in battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R and 

on At'l campn until about June 1, '64; died at Gen Field 

llosp, Juno 1, '64, near Dallas, Ga. 
Wetherell Cyrus, was in all the engagements in which.the Regt 

took part, except S R ; must'd out wi thco. 
Willis Abraham V, died of disease, (typhoid fever,) Dec - 
Winslow William H, died of disease,* Dec 21, '62. 
AVinslow Charles F,. discharged. Mar 5, '63, disabihty from dis- 

ea.se. 
White George W, was in all the battles, «tc, in which the Regt 

engaged, except Chga; wounded at S R, Dec 31, '63; must'd 

out with CO. 
Wilkinson Frederick, was in battles of S R, Chga, the At'l 

campn, Franklin and Nashville ; wounded at Chga, Sept -0, 

'(•3, was in IIosp wounded until Jan 'G4; must'd out wilh co. 
AVayland William li. transferred to Marine Brig, 1863 
AVhiting W W, was in battles of S R and Chga ; was killed in 

battle, Sepfl9, '63. 
Walker William 0, discharged Jan 23, '63atnosp; disability 

from disease. 
Schneider Armand, transferred to Brig band, May 18, '63. 
Spencer Willi;un. transferred to Bi-ig band. May IS, '63. 

8l"MMARY or CASr.VI.TIES. 

Killed at Stone River — Goorije F Yocum and Richard W. 
Pennington, 2. Abounded — Harris, Avery, Butcher, Chapman, 
Gleason, Markham, Martin, McDaniel, Purdam, White, 10. Killed 
atChickmauga — William W. Whiting, I. Wounded, Provine, 
Woolcy, Blaci<burn, Bovvlin, Ervin, Mulvany, Martin, Provine, 
Purdam, Smith, Wilkerson, Herbert, 12. J)ied of wounds — Ed- 
word Smith, 1. Killed at Andersonville Prison — Thomas W. 
Herbert, 1. Wounded on Atlanta Campaign — Wooley, John- 
son, ^lartin, Maxwell, Ringer and Sweeny, 6. 

Total killed, 4. Total wounded, 2^^. Died of wounds, 2. 



CHxVPTER V. 

COMPANY D. — ORIGINAL MUSTER ROLL AND PERSONAL 
RECORD. 

Moses W Davis, Capt, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; 
was twice wounded, Dec 31, 'G2, and died of wounds, Jan 20, 
'03, at Elizabethtown, Ky ; was on his way home. 

Thomas D Adams, 1st Lieut, prom to Capt Feb 6, '63; detailed 
in Pioneer Corps, Nov 18, '62; returned to co, June 4, '64; 
mortally wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '63 ; died of wounds 
Sept 20, '63. 

Walter Scoggan, 2nd Lieut, prom 1st Lieut, Feb G, '63, to Capt, 
Dec 9, 63; was in all the battles in which the Regt was en- 
Kaged and must'dout with co, June 8, '65. 

Thomas 11 B Miller, 1st Sergt, prom to 2nd Lieut, Feb 6, '68 
and 1st Lieut, Dec 9, '63 ; slightly wounded and S R; was 
with the co in all the battles, except Nashville when he was 
commanding Provost Guard at Div lid Qrs; must'dout with 
00, June 8, '65. 

William J Ellis, Sergt, with ct on Ky campn ; at Hosp from 
Dec2G, '62 toFeb 3, '63 and "om Jane 24, '63, until dis- 
charged ; discharged June 30, '6 . disability from disease. 

Luke A Perry, Sergt, with co on Ky campn and at S R ; mor- 
tally wounded, Dec. 31, '62; died of wounds, Jan 1, '63 at 
Gen Field IIosp of S R 

James Russell, Sergt, reduced to ranks, Nov 1, '62; was in 
Hosp most of the time until his death, died Jan 25, '63 of 
consumption, in Hosp, Nashville, Tcnn. 

Samuel Ray, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt, Feb 0, '63; was with co 
at all times, in all the battles, itc, until mortally wounded at 
Lovejoy Station, Ga., Scpt3 '64 ; died of wounds. Sept 4, 
'64, at Rough and Ready, Ga. 

Lyman G Call, Corpl, prom to Sergt Feb G, '63, to 1st Sergt, 



RECORD OF COMPANY D. 303 

Sept 25, '64; was with the co during the entire term, in all 

battles, skirmishes, &c ; must'd out with co, June 8, '65. 
Peter Thomas, Corp], prom to Sergt Sept 25, '64; was with co 

in all battles, &c, except S R ; must'd out with co. 
Jared Banks, Corpl, discharged Feb 9, '63 ; disability from dis- 
ease. 
Lawson R Barker, Corpl, was with the co in all battles, &c, 

except S R ; must'd out with co. 
Oliver H Perry, Corpl, was with co in all skirmishes battles, &c, 

except S R ; must'd out with co. 
John Logston, Corpl, prom to Sergt Sept 25, '64; was in all 

the battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged ; must'd out with 

company. 
Oliver W Harvey, Corpl, was not with co after Dec 27, '62 ; 

taken prisoner Dec 28, and paroled Dec 31, '62 ; died Aprl 4, 

'64 in llosp. 
John T Larkin, Corpl, prom to Sergt Fob 23, '64, was in all tho 

skirmishes, battles, &c, in which tho Regt engaged ; must'd 

out with CO. 



Anderson James M, with oo on Ky campn ; was on duty as 

teamster nearly the whole term; must'd out with co. 
Avery Joshua B, was with the co in all the battles, &c, except 

S R; must'd out with co, June 8, '65. 
Amon "William B, was with co on Ky campn, and on duty as 

teamster nearly all the term till must'd out with co. 
Baird Alexander B, died Nov 25, '63, of chronic diarrhoea at 

Hosp. 
Baldwin Andrew J, detailed into Pioneer Corps, Nov 28, '62 ; 

transferred to Regt of Engineers and Mechanics, Aug 1, '04. 
Baumgarden Matthew, died in Hosp, Jan 16, '63, of chronic 

diarhoia. 
Barton Thomas, prom to Sergt Apr 21, '63; on duty as Sergt 

Major Oct 1, to Nov 19, '63; was with the co in all battles, 

skirmishes, itc ; must'd out with co. 
Bliss "Willis D, in Hosp most of the time until his dea'.h ; died 

Apr 19, '64, of pneumonia at St. Louis, Mo. 
Bell James R, was with the on in all skirmishes, battles, &c, 

except S R ; must'd out with co. 
Bissell Jabez F, discharged May 30, '63, at Hosp ; disability 

from disease. 
Briscoe "William H, was with co on Ky campn and in battle of 

S R and Chga; discharged Jan 26, '64; disabled by disease. 
Brierton Joseph, died Feb 7, '63, of chronic diarrha^a, in Hosp 

at Nashville. 



304 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

Cole /Jacob S, transferred to Marine Brigade, Jan 13, '63. 

Clark Thomas A, was with co in battles of L Mt, M R, and 

Nashville ; was with co on Atl campn until vv-ounded, June 

23, '64 ; returned to co Dec 3, '64 ; must'd out with co. 
Campbell David M, was with co in battle of Chga and never 

afterwards heard of, probably killed. Sept 20, '63. 
Clayton Grcehberry, with fco onKy cacipn and at S R; severely 

wounded Dec 31, 62 ; discharged; disabled by wound. Sept 

19, '63. 
r^ean Constantine, transferred to Vet Res Corps, Sept 1, '63 ; 

not with CO after Oct 1, '62 
D^vis Aaion V, discharged Mar 19, '63; disability from dis- 
ease. 
Dalton Samuel T, was with co in all skirmishes, battles, &.c, 

except S R ; must'd out with co. 
Davis William H, was with the co in all skirmishes, battles, 

&c, except that part of Atla campn, after he was wounded, 

June 24, '64; must'd out with co. 
Duncan William, died of pueumonia, May 12, '63, in Hospital 

at Nashville. 
Flinn Isaac, was with the co in all battles, <fcc, except S R; 

must'd out with co. 
Faulkner William J, died of chronic diarrhoea, Jan 25, '63 at 

Nashville. 
Flinn Burrill, was with the co in all the skirmishes, battles, &c, 

except S R and on the Atla campn ; must'd out with co. 
Flinn Richard, died Nov 5, '62, in Hosp at Louisville, Ky. 
Freeman Howard, died of typhoid fever, Nov 14, '63 at Na.sh- 

ville. 
Fisher James J, most of the time in Hosp; transferred to Vet 

Res Corps, Apr 30, '64. 
Furlong James, was with co at S R ; severely wounded Dec 31, 

'62; discharged; disabled by wounds, July 5, '63. 
Gamble William, acted as Regt'l Com Sergt on Ky campn ; dis- 
charged Dec 17, '62, at Nashville, Tenn, 
Fry Marion, was with co in battles of S R, Chga, Franklin and 

Nashville; was taken prisoner at Chga, was at Andersonville 

until exchanged ; returned to co Aug 20, '64 ; must'd out 

with CO. 
Hopkins Benjamin G, discharged Jan 12, '63 ; disability from 

disease. 
Houston James H, died March 18, '63, at N.ishville, Tenn. 
Hopkins Josiah, was in Hosp most of the time; died Nov 15, 

'64, at Camp Butler, 111. 
Howard John, was with the Rcgt during the entire term; with 
coin all battles, skirmishes, &c; must'd out with co. 

ones James, prom to Corpl April 8, '65; was with co in all 



RECCED OF COMPANY D. 305 

skirmishes, battles, &c, except Lorejoy Station; woundod 

Dec 31, '62 at S R ; must'd out with co. 
Jones Willis, prom to Corp!, Feb 6, '63 ; with co in battles ot 

S R and Chga ; taken prisoner and held by the rfebels till the 

end of the war. 
Johnson Robert, was with co at S R, Chga and most of the 

Atl campn ; was wounded and taken prisoner, Sept 20, '63 at 

Chga; discharged Feb 17, '65; disabled by wounds. 
Jones Harrison, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and 

M R ; not on Atl campn, nor with co until Feb 20, 'G5 , must'd 

out with CO. 
Jackson Thomas J, prom to Corpl, Feb 23, '64 ; was with co 

in all marches, skirmishes, battles, &c ; must'd out with "eo. 
LisenbeciGrandison, was with co on Atl campn only ; was sent 

to Hosp Aug 2, '64 ; died Aug 9, '64, at Gen Field Hosp. 
Leeper Charles, was with '^.o in battles of S R. Chffa, IjiVft, M R, 

Nashville and ■ >■ . 'd out 

with CO. 
Leeper Samuel, waa wiVfi .:;■! until iviihti ;>■ ' ' 

buried on the battlefield ; grave No. 1! 
Larkin Manvil, with CO at S R and Chga, \-,.';.\va i:i\ rtr: ■ ■ 

Chattanooga, Sept' 21, '6S, near Rossviik,Ga.' •• 
iVFallard Alexander, was with co at S R<; wounded Dec Si, :-. , 

did not afterwards return to go ; discharged, June:'25, '64. 
-lilier Jacob F, was on duty as teamster from Dec 13, '62, until 

must'd out with CO, June 8, '65. , ' ■ / .:: ;'. .. , ,; 

McNiff Thomas, was with theco in all the skir!nish<;.s. battles. &• . 

in which the Regt engaged ; must'd out With co. 
Mcl^oy Charles R, prom to Ord Sorgt at Quincv, lii . 

Com Sergt, Oct 26, '62 and Q:M Sergt, No"v 28, 't.2 ,■ wit.> 

always on dut}' and never F.bs?nt from the Renrt, except while 

on a 20 days furlough. 
Malone Joseph P, was wi:: , . 

&c, in which the Regt engngcu ; ru'.;;Uer(i:.; ont with co. 
MoOoy Barlow A, was with the co at S R,' and wounded Dec 

rsl, '62; returned to co June 24, '64 and was with it thu 

remainder of the Atl campn ; was in battles of Franklin, and 

Nashville; must'd out with co. > ' 
Miservy Vfilber 0, was with the co in all skirmishes and battles, 

excepts R; wounded 'at Chga, So;;' ir) HVo -^ mustered out 

with CO. .•'.;.. 

Medley Levi, mis.sing inaetion, Dec ' ', ro^i^iped from rolls 

as a deserter, Mar 8, '64. 
NighswangerWilliaiu J," deserted Oct 25, Xv:. 
Oldfteld Elias D, w;as .with CO at S R ; wcuuded 1 

died of wounds Jan T, '63 in Hosp at Nashville. 
OldfiUd'RicihafcdMj waawitb.co iniibaftltsuf Ohga,,L.riIt, M. K, 



306 ABSTRACT OF EECORBS. 

and until May 10, on Atl campn ; severely wounded May 10, 
'tU, at Rocky Face; discharged ; disabled by wound, March 
13, '65. 

Perry John J, was with co at S R and Chga ; taken prisoner 
Sept 20, '63 ; died in prison at Andersonville, Aug 1, '64. 

Parker Thoiuas J, was with co at S R, Chga and a few days on 
Atl campn j wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63, and again at Rocky 
Face, Ga, May 9, '64 ; transferred to Vet Res Corps, Oct 22, 
1864. 

Pendleton James S, was probably with the co at S R ; was in- 
clined to ifhulk when an engagement was coming on ; was 
finally (Nov 25, '64,) sent to Hosp an^ never returned to co. 

Pendleton Thomas H, was with co at S R and Chga ; taken 
prisoner, Sept 20, '63, and died in Hosp June 15, '64 at 
Annapolis, Md, after being exchanged. 

Pendleton William B, discharged Dec 23, '62. 

Jordan Benjamin W, was with co at Chga and taken prisoner, 
Sept 20, '63 ; died at Andersonville, June 9, '64. 

Sprigg Thomas C, prom to Sergt, Nov 1, '62 ; was with co and 
severely wounded at S R) Dec 31, '62 ; discharged, disabled 
by wound, Apr 17, '63. 

Stinson Aaron, with co and severely wounded at S R, Dec 31, 
'62 ; discharged^ disabled by wound. Sept 14, '63. 

Stinson William, died of consumption, Dec 15, '62, at Nash- 
ville. 

Stinson John, was with co in all the skirmishes, battles, &c, in 
which the Regt engaged ; must'd out with co. 

Salisbury John, in Regt'lband; discharged Dec 17, '62. 

Twombly George W, was with the co in all the battles in which 
the Regt engaged, except S R ; was wounded at Lovejoy Sta, 
Sept 2, 64 ; must'd out with co. 

Thomas William J, discharged May 81, '63, at Nashville, dis- 
ability from disease. 

Noakes Hiram, detailed into Pioneer Corps, Dec 18, '62 ; died 
July 14, '64 of exhaustion, at Nashville, Tenn. 

ToUe Stephen O, was with the co in all the skirmishes, battles, 
&c, except Chga ; must'd out with co. 

ToUe John, discharged Feb 18, '68 at Hosp ; disability, from 
disease. 

Roach Stephen, was with co on Ky campn and ever afterwards 
in Hosp; died Jan 17, '64 in U S City Hosp, Chicago, 111. 

Riddle James, died of typhoid fever, Nov 30, '62, at Bowling- 
Green, Ky. 

Wisecup Jacob M. V, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; 
mortally wounded Dec 31, '62; died Jan 4, '63 of wounds at 
Gen Field Hosp. 

Wheeler Ezra F, was in Hosp until transferred to Vet Res 



\ 



KECOKD OF COMPANY D. 



3or 



Corps, Sept 1, '63. 
Weist Joseph, discharged Feb 13, 63 ; only Ky on campn. 
Franklin William, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; was 

killed Dec 31, '62 ; buried on the field. Grave No. 18. 
Quinn.Geoige W, died of chronic diarrhoaa, March 4, '63. 
Bowers Isaac, transferred to Brigade band. May 19, '63. 
Davis James S, name not on original muster-in-roll ; was with 

CO in battles of Chga, L Mt, M R and Atl campn until June 3, 

'64 ; died July 5, '64, in Hosp, Chattanooga, Tenn. 

KUMMAKY OF CASUALTIES. 

Killed at Stone River — Samuel Leeper and William Franklin, 
2. Wounded — Davis, Miller, Perry, Clayton, Furlong, Jones, 
Millard, McCoy, Oldfield, Sprigg, Stinson, Wisecup, 12. Died 
of wounds — Davis, Perry, Oldfield and Wi*cup, 4. Killed at 
Chickaraauga — David M Campbell and Manvil Larkin, 2. 
Wounded — Adams, Johnson, Miservy and Parker, 4. Died of 
wounds — Capt. Adams, 1. Wounded on Atlanta Campaign — 
Ray, Clark, Davis, Oldfield, Parker and Twombly, 6. Died of 
wounds — Sergt Ray. 

Total killed, 4, Wounded, 22. Died of wounds, &. 




CHAPTER \L 

RECORD. 

Myron G Tousley, Capt, commanded co in battles of Cliga, L Mt, aud 
M R ; detailed as commander of the Ambulance Corps, 4tli A C. 
Resigned June 3, '65. .' 

Hiram P Roberts, 1st Lieut, was with co and severely vronndadat S R, 
DecSl, 'C2; returned to co Apr 29, '63 ; prom to Chaplain, May 4 
'63 ; was with the Regt very little and resigned Mar 19, '64. 
Henry V Lewis, 2nd Lieut, prom to 1st Lieut, May 4, '63; was witt, 
CO in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, MR and Atl campn until July 
14, 1B4 ; on duty in Com Dopt until he resigned, Feb iiS, '65. 
Seymour S Slater, 1st SeF<jt, with co on Ky campn and S R ; waa mo; 

tally wounded Dec 31, '62, and died of wounds, Jan il, '63. 
Peter Riuehart, Sergt, reduced to ranks Dec 20, '02 and prom to l.'i 
Hergt Jan22, '68; commissioned 2nd Lieut, June 6, '65 ; was wit! 
the CO in all battles, &c, except S R ; must'd out with co. 
Crayton Hlade, iSergt, was with the co on Ky campn and in all battk- 

except S R ; must'd out with co. 
Joseph M Will, Sergt, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; v.oundi^ 

Dec 31, '62; discharged, disabled by wound Apr 25, '63. 
Robert S Roeschlaub, Sergt, prom to 2nd Lieut, May 4, '63 ; must'd ;. 
1st Lieut, Mar 23, '65 ; commissioned Capt, June 6, '65 ; was with c 
on Ky campn and in battles of S R, Chga, Franklin, Nashville au 
most of Atl campn; severely wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '63; must 
out with CO. 
George W Kimbly, Corpi, died Nov 18, '^3 in Hosp at Bowling Greeu 
/ Ky. 

Junes Malone, Corpl, died Dec 24, '62, in Eosp at Nashville, Tenn. 
'.ViUiiim R Gray, Corpl, piom to Sergt, Apr 27, '63; Was with co in tl: 
battles of SR, Chga and Nashville; wounded at Chga, Sept 20, '6-> : 
must'd out with co. 
Os;carM Kay, Corpl, reduced Dec 20, '63; was with co on Atl cami! 
and in battles of Franklin and Nashville; detailed at H'd Qra Srd 
Brig, Jan 6, '65 ; must'd out with co. 
David Morris, Cornl, discharged — 1863, disability from disease. 
i.ynian Hancock, Corpl, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; died of 

disease Apr 18, '63, in Hosp at Murfrecsboro, Tenn. 
■\>';::i;'!n M I'on-.vs <',,T-T-.l .liMcharired Jan — '63, disability from dje. 



EECORI) OF COMPANY E. 309 



'ieiijiunin Liijhtle, Corpl, reduced Jan 1, '63; sent to IIosp Dee 20, '&i 
and never rejoined the CO ; (date of discharge unknown. ) 

PRIVATES. 

Abbott Thomas M, ])roni to Corpl, Jau 1, '(13, to Sersft Apr 27, ''J3 ; was 

with CO iu battles of S R, Chga, L Mt and M R ; detailed in Ambulance 

Corps, Apr 7, ' ("4-, on duty there till must'd out; slightly wounded 

at S R, Dec 31, '(;2. 

Abbott William T, died Nov 4, '02 in IIosp at Nashville, Tenn. 

Alexander Thomas, was with co in the battles of Chga, Atl caTnpn, 

Franklin and Nashville ; must'd out with co. 
Bagby Thomas M, was with co and wounded at S R, Dec 31, 't12 ; was 
with CO on Atl campn and iu battles of Franklin and Nashville, 
wounded iu battle of Nashville, Dec 16, '64; must'd out witJi co. 
]5altzer Francis, discharjjied Mar 27, '(-'3, disability from disea.se. 
Bake)- Thomas \y, died Nov 9, '62 in llosp at Bowling Green, Ky. 
lilivens Samuel 1, died Oct 9, '62, in Hosp at Louisville, Ky. 
Browning Asa M, was Avith the co in all skirmishes, battles, &c, except 
S R; wounded in battle of Nashville, Dec 15, '64 by shell ; returned 
to CO Feb 7, '65; must'd out with co. 
Birdsall Abram, was on detached duty most of the term; orderly at 

Corps H'd Qrs ; must'd out with co. 
Burns Isaac W, sent to llosp, Louisville, Ky, Sept — 1SG2 ; is reported 

to have died on his way home. 
Blivens George A, discharged Feb 10, '63, disability from disease. 
Bartholemew James T, transferred to Marine Brig, March 9, '63. 
Carder John J, died Nov 6, '62 at Danville, Ky. 
Crawford Samuel M, was with co in battles of Chga, L Mt and M R ; 

transferred to Vet Res Corps, Jan ], '65. 
Chowuing John P, was with co at Chga, and taken prisoner Sept 20, '65; 
was more than a year at Andersouville ; escaped and returned to 
Regt; detailed as clerk until must'd out with co. 
Curnieuy Albert, deserted Nov 20, '62. 

Cheshier Jacob W, discharged May 4, '63 ; disability from disease. 
Couaway John, was with co ou Ky campn and at S R ; transferred to 

Vet Res Corps, March 18, '64. 
Davis David, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; wounded Jan 2, 63, 

and died of wounds Jan — '63 in Hosp. 
Davis Hiram, was with the co on all campns and iu all battles, &c, in 

which the Regt engaged ; must'd out with co. 
Decker William, was with the co in all battles and skirmishes and on 

all campns ; must'd out with co. 
Dorf Levi M, was with the co in all the skirmishes and battles and 

ou all campns ; must'd out with co. 
Eels Samuel, was with the co on Ky campn and in battles of S R and 

Ch^a ; wounded at Chga, Sent 20, '63 ; died of wounds Oct 3, '63. 
Fox David, was with co in battle of Chga ; taken prisoner Sept 20, ex- 
changed — 1S64; must'd out with co. 
Getz Samuel, was on duty as a teamster nearly the whole term; must'd 

out with CO. 
Hedges Robert W, was with co in all the battles, &c, until Au^ 25, '64 ; 
detailed as orderly at Regtl H'd Qrs and on that duty until must'd 
out with CO. 
Hoffman William H, discharged 1863, disability from disease. 
Hunter John, discharged Fei) 15, 'G3, disability from disease. 



310 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

Henderson Charles, died Not 28, '<)2, iu camp near Nashville, Teuu. 
Hofl'man David S, was with co in the battles of S R and Chj>'a ; was with 

the CO on At! campn until June 7, '<il; killed Oct 30, '64r, by accident 

on Railroad near LaFayettc, Ind ; was on furlough. 
Hofiaiau David V, discharged Apr IG, '63, disability from disease. 
Ilutchins Emery, was vfith the co in all the battles, &c, which the Regt 

engaged, except B R; was wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '63; must'd 

out with CO, 
Hughes James F, discharged — 1862, in Hosp at Nashville, Tenn. 
Hughes William S, died Dec 27, '62, in Hosp, Nashville, Tunn. 
Karr James C, discharged May 4, '63, disability from disease. 
Keller [-"hiiip, was with the co on all campns and in all battles and 

skirmishes; must'd out with co. 
Kimbly Etnjamin F, prom to Sergt Feb 1, '65; was with the co in all 

the battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged ; was only absent from 

May '24:, to June 1, '63 ; must'd out with co. 
Lewton Henry R, was with the co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, 

aud on At! campn until May 26, '64; deserted May 26, '64 near Pump- 

kinvine creek, Ga. 
Lightle Enoch, was with co on Ky campn and at S R" where he was 

wounded Dec 31, '62 ; transferred to Vet Res Corps Oct 31, '63. 
Long John E, di;>charged Apr 27, '63, disability from disease. 
Lock Hamilton A, discharged — 1863. 
Lock Newton B, was with the co in all the campns and in all the battles 

iu which the Regt engaged ; must'd oat with co. 
Lyons Christaplier, promto Corpl Jan 1, '65 ; was with co iu all battles 

kc, except S R; must'd out witli co. 
Lewis Loven, was with the co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, Frank- 
lin, Nashville and on Atl camp until Aug 19, '64 ; -wounded Aug 19, 

'64 in front of Atl ; must'd out with co. 
Malone Stephen A, was with the co in aljr the battles, skirmishes, &c, 

wounded at S R, Jan 2, '63 ; must'd out with co. 
McOrmbeo David, discharged Aug 3, '63 to take position of Hospital 

Steward in the U S Regular Army. 
McRay Martin V li, wasVith the company at the battles of Chga, L 

Mt and M R; sent to Hosp Mar 24, "'64; rejoined the co June 1, 

'65; must'd out with co. 
Merritt Martin, was with co in battles of Franklin and Nashville ; 

iu Hosp or on detached duly most of the term ;' mustered out with 

tomi)auy. 
McDGrmott Thomas' A, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, 

M R and Atl campn until Aug 25, '64. 
Miller Dewitt C, detailed as clerk at H'd Qrs, Apr 11, '63. 
Monde Frederick, prom to Corpl, Jan 26, '64; was with the co in all 

battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged ; must'd out with co., 
Norton Benjamin F, detailed into Pioneer Corps Dec 10, '62; trans- 
ferred to Eii^^ineer and Mechanics Corps, Aug 1, '64. 
Oriu Leonard If, died Jan 23, '63, in Hosp Nashville, Tenn. 
Penny Zadoc, was with the co on all the campns, in all the battles, 

Ac, iu which the Regt engaged; must'd out with cc. 
Porter Albert B, discharged March 27, '63, disability from disease. 
Pond Joscpli S, was with the co on the Atl campn until wonnd'id, 

Aug 23, '64 in front of xVtl; must'd out with co. 
Poston William BM, was with the co in the battles otLovcjoy Station, 
Franklin and Nashville ; was iu Hosp during the first' half term ; 

must'd out with co. 
Plowman James, was with the co at Chga and wounded Sept 10, '63; 



KECORD OF COMPANY E. 

was with CO on Atl campu and in b.attle of Nashville; rlettiri ■; ... 

Ambulance Corjjs — 1804 ; niust'd out with co. 
Plowman Joshua, was with the co in the battles of Lorejo; >■?:■',::;, 

Franklin and Nashville ; must'd out with co. 
Robb Newton I, was with the co on the Atl campn aud !; 

Franklin and Nashville; missing Dec •2.'5, 'Gi. 
Stabler George M, discharged May 25, '65. 
Stabler Jarrett W, sent toTlosp l)ec 24, '62, did not return t- 

discharge not reported on co records. 
Sparks Henry H, was with the co in all the battles, &c, in w'- 

Regt engaged, except S R; must'd out with ct>. 
Schecter Luke, was with co at Chga, on tiie Atl campn and i.i liie 

battles of Franklin and Nashville ; wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63; 

must'd out with co. 
Shepherd John A, died Dec 19, 'G'2, in Hosp, Nashville, Tenn. 
Shepherd Warren M, was with the co on all campns and in all battles, 

&c, except Franklin ; must'd out with co. 
Simpson G/eorge W, was with co in all engagements except S R and 

Chga; must'd out with co. 
Smith John H, was with the co in all battles, &c, except S R, L Mt, 

and MR; wounded at Chga Sept 19, '63; Had not recovered from 
-!i;wound when L Mt and M R was tought ; must'd out withco. 
>pitler Israel, died Jan 25, '63, in Hosp at Nashville, Tenn. 
i-tone Philander 0, was with co in all skirmishes, battles, Ac, except 

S R ; must'd out with the co. 
Sherman Alfred, was with the co on Ky campn and at S R ; wounded 

Dec 31, '62 and died of wounds Jan — '63, 
Taylor Benjamin F, was with the co in all engagements, &c, except 

on July 4, '64 ; must'd out with co. 
Tillson Vi'illiam H, was with co-at Chga ; taken prisoner Sept 20, '03 ; 

exchanged and discharged by order Sec'y of War. 
Thompson George W, discharged Dec — 1S62. 
Wag}- Phillip, discharged Apr 18, '63, disability from disease. 
Wells William H, with co on the Ky campn ; sent to Hosp Dec 2S, '62, 

and did not return ; discharge not reported on co books. 
Wilson Gerge W, died Oct 8, ^62 in Hosp. 
Wirth Jacob, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; wounded Dec 

31,. '62 and died oi wounds Jan 7, '63, at Gen Field Hosp. 
Whitcomb Martin, detailed into Pioneer Corps Dec 31, '62 ; trans- 
ferred to Engineer Corps Aug 1, '64. 
Young Robert C, was detailed in Regtl band and with the Regt the 

entire term except from June 27, to Oct 31, '04; must'd out with 

CO. . 

Groat James E, was with the Regtl band the entire term; was taken 
prisoner Dec 31, '62; exchanged in June— '63, a good stretcher 
bearer; mu.st'd out with co. 

SmiMARY OF CASUALTllvS. 

Wounded at Stone River — Roberts, Slater, Wilis, Abbott, i;..,^:.. 
Davis, Lightle, Malone, Sherman and Wirth, 10. Died of vv-ounds— 
S. S. Slater, David Davis, Alfred Sherman and Jacob Wirth, 1. 
Wounded at Chickamauga — Roeschlaub, Eels, Hutchins, Plowman, 
Schecter, Gray and Smith, 7. Died of wounds — Samuel Eels, ] 
Wounded on Atlanta Campaign — Lewis and Pond, 2, Wcuulou ,i: 
Nashville — Bagley and Brov/ning, 2. Accidently killed ' ' 

David S Hoti'inan, 1. 

Total v.-ounded 21. Died of wounds. 5 K>'!^.1. ) 



CHxVPTER ViL 

COMPANY F. — ORIGINAL MUSTER EOLL AND PEESONAL 
EECOED. 

Caleb B Cox, prom to Maj Aug 20, '63; was in ail the battles in 
which the Regt engaged, and on all inarches except the reconnois 
ance of Dalton ; slightly wounded at Chga, Sept 2li, 't>3 aud again 
July 4, '64 on the Atl campii ; must'd out with Regt. 

■Joseph Nelson, 1st Lieut, prom to Capt Aug 20, '63 ; was acting Q 
M from Nov 18, '62 to Jan 1, '63; was in , battles of Chga, L" M 
ami M R; resigned Dec 15, '63. 

Samuel Frost, 2nd Lieut, was with the co on Atl campn and in battle 
of S R; severely wounded Dec 31, '62; honorably discharged, dis 
abled by wound Sept — 1863. 

Rhoads RDilworth, 1st Sergt, prom to 1st Lieut Sept 24, '62 and to 
Capt March 4, '64; was in all the battles aud skirmishes in which 
the Regt eugaged; must'd out with co ; died Sept 31, '65. 

Stephen Bogue, Sergt, discharged Jan 8, '63, disabled by injury pre- 
vious to enlistment. 

Joseph M Moore, Sergt, was with co in battle of S H, detailed into 
Signal Corps, Jan 25, '63; transferred to Vet Res Corps Sept 1, 
1863. 

William B Wright, Sergt, prom to Commissarj'- Sergt, Dec 1, '62 ; 
was with the Regt at all times, on all campns ready to issue 
"hard-tack" &c, when needed, ("old B," a general favorite of the 
whole Regt.) must'd out with co. 

Frank W Ross, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt Sept 24, '63, to 1st Lieut 
April 4, 'f4; was with the Regt in all battles^, &c, except Nash- 
ville aud Franklin ; must'd out with co. 

Sh Elwell, Corpl, with co on Ky campn and at S R; killed Dec 31, 
'62 and buried on the battlefield. Grave No 21. 

Dilwortb W Litchfield, Corpl, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; 

wounded Dec 31, '62 and died of wovnds Jan 13, '63. 
Robot M Miller, Corpi, prom to Sergt Feb 26, '63 ; wounded at S 

R, Dec 31, '63; discharged, disabled by wound, Dec lo, '63, 
rnscjih Price, Corj)l, prom to Sergt Mar 4, '64; was with the co in 
•ill haitles, skirmishes, Ac, in wliich the Regt engaged; must'd 
'>n' v/iiii the CO. 
■V'llir, ]•'■. 's.r,:. r-ri,l. d!.<fh;u-g('a Feb 14, '63 at Hosp, Nashville, 



RECOED OF COMPANY F. ' 31o 

William Walker, corpl, was on the Kv campn aed at S R and was killed 
there Jan 2, '03. 

James H Kinnie, Corpl, prom to Sergt Sept 24, 'C3; was with co on 
Ky camp^n and in the battles of S K, and Chga; severely wounded 
at Chga, died of wounds Oct 2, '03. 

Rufus Cox, Corpl, was with the co at S R and on Atlanta campn un- 
til wounded, June 19, '64; transferred to Vet lies Corns Aug i, 
1864. 

PRIVATES. 

Adams John F, was killed in battle of Chickamauga Sept 19, '63 ; 

had never been absent from the co. 
Adams Alexander, detailed into I'ioneer Corps Nov 18, '62; transfr'd 

into Engineer corp.s July 29, '64. 
Beers Jabez, discharged Mar 4, '63 ; disabled by injuries previous to 

enlistment. 
Bottenburg John V S, prom to Corpl July 1, 'G4; was with the Regt in 

all skirmishes, battles, Ac, except S R; must'd out with co. 
Barber William, deserted Nov 10, '62 from llosp at Bowling Green, Ky. 
Brown William, died Jan 5, '63 of pneumonia at Louisville, Ky. 
Boycr Jacob B, transferred to Brig band May 20, '63. 
Brown Thomas, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; discharged, dis- 
abled by disease. 
Benson Vachel, with co on Ky campn and killed at S R, Dec 21, '62. 

Grave No. 20. 
Crater Francis M, deserted from Hosp ; not dropped from rolls until 

June 19, '64. 
Clark John, was with co in battle of Chga; taken prisoner at Anderson- 

ville, 6a, until Feb — '64; exchanged and rejoined co Apr 25, '65; 

must'd out CO. 
Clark Victor B, was with co in all the battles, &c, in which the Regt 

was emjaged ; wounded at S R Dec 31, '62; ujust'd out with co. 
Doebler Thomas H, was with co in battles S R, Chga and Atl campn 

until July 16, '64; slightly wounded and went to Hosp Sept 19, '63; 

deserted July 16, 'b4. 
Durell Frank W, in band ; discharged Apr 14, '63. 

Dewitt Solomon, was with the co in all the battles, &c, except Frank- 
lin and Nashville; detailed into Amb Corps, Sept SO, '63, on duly 

tliere until must'd out with co. 
Enders Chri.^topher, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; killed in 

battle of S R, Dec 31, '63. Grave No. 22. 
France Bricc fl, was with the co iu all the battles &c, except S R, and 

the latter portion of the Atl campn ; wounded June 19, '64 ; returned 

to dutv Oct 30, '64; must'd out with co. 
Fostisr \Villiani T, was with the co in all battles, &c, except Chga ;, 

wounded at S R Dec 31, '02 ; must'd out with co. 
Forquer William, was detailed in Hosp at Danville, Ky; Oct 15, '63; 

never returned to co. In Hosp the wl)ole term. 
Frierson John R, prom to Sergt Major Aug 20, '6-2; reduced to ranks 

Dec 1, '63 ; was in battles of S R and Chga; wounded Sept 19, '63 ; 
transferred to Vet Res Corps or 79th 111 Vol, Jan '64. 
Graves Allen, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; died June 23, '63 

in Hosp, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
Glimpse Eli, was with CO and mortally wounded in the battle 

Chga, Sept 19, '63; died of wounds Sept 20, '63. 



314 • A13STRACT OF SECOEDS. 

Griffin Lewis, discharged Mar 17, 'Go. 

Harlocl^er James M, prom to Corpl July 1, 'Gi ; was with co in 

all battles, &c, except S II and L Mt ; wounded at Chga Sept 

19, '68 ; must'd out with co. 
Hunt Iliram, was with coin battle of -Chga ; was on detached 

dut}^ most of the term ; must'd out with co. 
Hammond Benjamin, was with the co in all battles, &c, in 

which the Regt engaged ; must'd out with co. 
Kirkbride John, was detailed as teamstor and was on duty as 

such the whole term ; must'd out with co. 
Kinnej^ Edwin, was with the co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, 

M R and on the Atl campn until Aug IS, '64 ; detailed at Div 

H'd Qrs and on duty there until must'd out with the co. 
Kinsey jisiin R, was with the co on Ky campn until Nov 7, '62 ; 

cut his foot chopping wood ; was sent to Hosp and dischar- 
ged as disabled, Feb 9, '63. 
Kerr George N, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; 

severely Vounded Sept 20, '03 at Chga and died from the 

effects "of the wound, Feb 11, '64 in Hosp at Quincy, HI. 
Knock Daniel E, was with the co in the battles of S R and Chga; 

wounded at Chga Sept 19, '63 ; transferred to Vet Res Corps, 

Apr 10, '64. 
Kirkbride Wesley, transferred to Brig band May 20, '63. 
Koons James, deserted from Hosp at Danville, Ky, — 1862. 
•Knock William A, was v.-iththe co in all the battles in which the 

Regt engaged except Chga; was wounded at S R Dec 31, '62; 

returned to co Sept 23, '63; must'd out with co. 
Kerr Clayborne T, prom to Sergt Mar 14, '64 ; was with the co 

in all the battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged ; wounded 

at Chga Sept 20, 'G3 ; must'd out with co. 
Lowe Benjauiin F, deserted, 1S63, was only with co on Ky 

campn. 
Litchfield Durant, was with the co on Ky campn and in the 

bailies of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R and on the Atl campn until 

June 0, 'Go ; must'd out with co. 
Morgan James H, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M 

R; on duty at Div Hosp after May 1, '64 ; must'd out with 

company. 
Moore John, was with the CO on all campaigns and in all the 

skirmishes, battles, itc, in which the Regt was engaged ; 

must'd out with the co. 
Mintler John, prom to Corpl Feb 26, '63 and to gergt Oct 1, '63; 

was with the co in the battles of Chga, Franklin, Nashville 

and the Atl campn ; must'd out with co. 
McHendry John, died Dec 2, 'C2, of fever, in Hosp at Bowling 

Green, Ky. 
Morrison Jatnc? A, was with the co on Ky campn ; sent to conv'I't 



EECORD OF COMPANY Y. ai5 

camp Dec 20, '02 ; transferred to Vet Res Corps Dec 1, 'OS. 
Moore Edward, was never lit for duty ; in Ilosp until discharged 

Oct 15, '02, with loss of all pny and allowances at Louisville, 

Ky. 
Miller Eli B, prom to Corpl July 1, '04 was with the co on all 

battles, &c; must'd out with co. 
Jlartin Anthony G, deserted from Ilosp Danville, Ky, Kov 9, 

18G2. 
McFadden Samuel N, was with co to Danville, Ky ; detailed ai 

Hegtl ird Qrs ; discharged Dec 25, '02, at Naslivillc. 
Nunamaker John W, was in llo^p most of the time prior in 

?>Iay 1, '04 ; was with co until May 30, '04 ; slightly wounded 

near New Hope Church May 30, '04 ; was killed Sept )'■ '' ' 

by railroad accident near Kingston, Ga. 
Nebergall Ilcuben J, was discharged Feb 17, '02 from Ho .; 
McConnell George W^ was with the co in the battles of Chg;.. 

Mt, M R and on Ati camjin until Aug 25, '04; detailcl :; 

Hosp Aug 25, '04, and was on duty iliere until discha : • . 

with CO. 
Nebergall Balser P, was with the co in all battles, &c, except 

S R ; must'd out witli co. 
Porter Abel K, was in Hosp most of the time until, transferred 

to the Marine service, June 18, '04. 
Pnrnell Joseph, was with the co on the Ky campn and in the 

battle of S R ; where he was injured by the bursting of a shell 

near his head ; discharged Apr 10, '03, disabled Ijy loss of 

hearing. 
Porter Eben F, left at Louisville, Oct 1, '02 ; never returned to 

co ; dropped from the rolls as a deserter June 22, '04. 
Pollock Henry C, v,-as with the co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, 

and ;\[ R ; died Feb 22, '04 of measles at Cleveland, Tenn, 
Parrish Asbury, sent to convalescent camp Dec 2(), '02 and ^ever 

afterwards returned to co ; dropped from rolls as a deserter. 
Ree.se Jacob, sent to Hosp or conv camp Dec 20, '02; died Feb 

10, '03 in Hosp Louisville, Ky. 
Renncr Ephriam, prom to Corpl May 4, '03 to Sergt July 1 , ' 04; 

with the CO on all campus and in all battles and skirmishes; 

must'd out with co. 
Rowland Thomas R, was with the co on the Ky campn ; was in 

the battle of S R and with co until Aug 11, '03 ; died Aug I'J, 

'03 in Hosp Nashville, Tenn. 
Seaburn George, detailed as teamster on Ky campn ; sent to 

Hosp Apr 25, '03 ; transferred to A'etRcs Corps, July 1, '03. 
Sexton James, was with the co on Ky campn ; sent to conv 

camp Dec 20, '02 ; discharged Mar 4, '03, disabled by dis- 
ease. 
:!iaffer Lemuel J, was left sick at Qnincy, HI, Sept 23, 'G2 ; died 



316 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

Nov 10, '62 of typhoid fever, at homo. 
Shaw William, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; missing 

in action Dec 31, '62 and never atterwards heard from ; was 

probably killed on the field. 
Sloan John F, was rt'ith the co in the battles of S R, Chga, L 

and M R ; on account of lameness was detailed as a teamster; 

and was on duty as such until must'd out with co. 
Shaffer John, prom to Corp Sept 24, '63 ; was with co in the 

battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R ; lost his voice from the 

effects of measles Feb 1864, and remained on duty in Hospi- 
tals until must'd out with co. 
Swearingen Martin, prom to Sergt Mar 14, '64 ; was with 

the CO in all the actions in which the Regt was engaged ; 

wounded at S R Dec 31, 62 ; must'd out with co. 
Swearingeri George, fwas with the co in all battles, &c, except S 

R; must'd out with co. 
Thomas John, was with the co in all the battles in which the 

Regt engaged except S R ; detailed at Div II'dQrs Jan 11, '65; 

on that duty until must'd out with co. 
Thomas William A, was with the co on Ky campn and at S R ; 

slightly wounded Dec 31, '62 ; on duty as teamster from Jau 

'63 until must'd out with the co. 
Turner Thomas B, was with CO until wounded at S R, Dec 31, 

'62, discharged May 4, '63, disabled by wound. 
Walker, Amos, was with co in all sku-mishes & battles ex- 
cept Chga, Was on duty as teamster at that time, mustd out 

with CO. 
Wetzel, Christopher, was with the co in all battles except 

S R. mustd out with co. 
Walroath, Abram, was in hosptl most of his time, was 

with CO onl}' on Atl campn. 
Price, Orville B, name not on original muster roll, with co 

on Ky campn, dischg Feb 6,1863. 
Easley, Oscar, name not on original muster roll, detid into 

nioneer corps Nov 18, 1862, transfcri'ed to Eng corps Aug 3 

1864. 
Van Stcinburg, Joseph E, name not on original muster roll 

wa.s not with co on Atl campn, was in all battles except on 

that campn, mustd out will! co. 

SUMMARY OF CASUALTIES. 

Killed fit Stone Kiver— Eli Elvvell, William Walker, Vachel 
Buson, Christopher Enders and William Shaw — .5. Wounded, 
Frost, Litchtleld, Miller, Clark, Foster, Knock, Purnell, Swearin- 
gen, Thomas und Turner, — 10. Died of wounds, — Litchfield, 
— 1. Killed at Chickamauga, — John Adams, —1. Wounded, 



RECORD 01^^ C(LMPANY F. 317 



Cox, Kinnie, r3oet:)ler, Fiierson, Ilarlockcr, Glimpse, Kerr, C. T. 
Knock and G. W. Kerr, — 9. Died of Wounds, — Kinnie, Glimpse, 



Ki 

and George N. Kerr, — 8. "Wounded on A'.lanta campaign,- 
C. B. Cox, Rufiis Cox, France and Nunainakcr, — 4. Accident- 
ally killed, — J. W. Nunaniaker, — 1. Total. — Killed, V, wound- 
ed, 23, died of wounds, 4. 









CHAPTER YIIL 

COMPANY G. — ORIGINAL :\rUSTER ROLL ANr3 PERSONAL 
RECORD. 

Frederick Gr.rternic-ht, Capt., was in coinmfinfl of his co in the 

battles of S 11, Chga, of Atl campn and Franklin ; mustered 

out with CO. 
AVilliam IT. Fuller, 1st Lieut., was with the co on Ky campn, and 

in the battle of S R ; detailed into Signal Corps, Jan '63; 

resigned, May G, '64. 
llusseil AV. Caswell, 2nd Lieut, prom to Adjt, Nov 15, 'G3 ; was 

with CO in battle of vS R ; act'g Adjt at Chga; Adjt in battles 

of L Mt, M R, of Atl cainpn and Franklin ; severely wounded 

at Franklin, Nov 30, '04, mustered out with Regiment. 
Edward Ray, 1st Sergt, was with co on Ky campn ; discharged 

Feb 5, '62, disabled bj* disease. 
F. Maiion Jamison, Sergt, with co on Ky campn; discharged 

Feb 11, '63, disabled by disease. 
W. H. Carr, Sergt, was transferred to the Marine service, JJar 

2, '63. 
A. T. McDill, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt, Feb 6. '63 ; reduced t<> 

ranks, July 14, '64; prom to Sergt, Jan 23, '05; was in all 

the battles in wh;ch the Regt was engaged ; was wounded on 

Atl campn ; mustered out with co. 
Levi P. Wilkinson, Sergt, died June 3, '63, of disease. 
J. A. Coburn, Corpl, died Jan 10, '63, of disease. 
Benjamin Pierce, Corpl, was with co in the skirmish near S R, 

and killed Dec 31, '62, at S R, grave No 5. 
AVillian IL Ryason, Corpl, was discharged Jan 27, '63. 
Julius 0. Randall, Corpl, prom to Sergt Jan 1, '68; was with 

CO in the battles of S R, Chga and on Atl cainpn, until 
wounded, June 10, '64; mustered out with co. 
Charles Spanier, Corpl, was with co ni the battle of S R, and 



RECORD OF CO:^IPANY G. 319 

killed Dec 31, '02 ; buried on the field, grave No G. 
William Vanderburg, Corpl, reduced July 1-i, '03 ; was with the 

Regt in all the battles in which it was engaged ; mustered out 

with CO. 
Malachi/W. Titus, Corpl, was with co and wounded in the battle 

of Chga, Sept 19, '03 ; discharged on account of wound, 

May 14, '64. 
Charles W. Green, Corpl, was with co and severely wounded at 

S R. Dec 31, '62 ; discharged July 8, '63, disabled by wound. 
Alexander, D M, was with co on the reconnoisance of Rocky 

Face, on the Atl campn, and in battle of Chga; sent to hosp 

Aug '04, and discharged from hosp about -June 1, '65. 
Armstrong, Thomas, dischg'd April 14, '03, disabled by disease. 
Augustus, Peter, was in the skirmish near S R, in the battles of 

L Mt, M R and on the Alt campn until wounded June '64 ; 

died of wound Jul}' 11, '04. 
Beck, Alexander, prom to Corpl, July 13, '04; was with co and 

wounded in battle of S R Dec 31, '02; was transferred to V 

R Corps and at his own request returned to co; with co on the 

Atl campn ; mustered out with co. 
Biggs, Thomas, died Jan 31, '03; of measles in hosp at Nashville. 
Camp, Ezra L, prom to Corpl, Jan 1, '08, to Sergt March 1, '03 ; 

was with CO in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, il R and on 

Atl campn, until Juno 22, '04; wounded at Chga Sept l\), '03; 

killed June 22, '64, near Kenesaw Mountain. 
Casteel, Jeremiah V, was v»ith co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, 

M R. and on Atl campn, until June ID, '04; wounded June ID, 

'04, and discharged on account of wound. 
Craig, Thomas S., discharged Oct. 13, '03, at Louisville, Ky. 
Carll, Albert, was with the co. in the battles of L M, M R and 

the Atl Campn; was generally on detail, mustered out with co. 
Caldwell, George VV., was with co and wounded in the battle of 

Chga; wounded Sept. 19, 03; died of wounds Oct. 11, '03. 
Clark, Francis, detailed as Regt'l Bugler and with Regt all the 

time after the battle of S R ; mustered out with co. 
Craig, James, was never in battle ; transferred to V R Corps 

Jan 2, '04. 
Curtis, John G, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R, 

Dec 31, '02; died of wounds Jan 29, '63. 
Crandall, LaFayette, was with co in all the battles, &,c, in which 

the Regt was engaged ; was wounded and taken prisoner at S 

R, Dec 31, '02 ; mustered out with co. 
phippe, Richard, died Nov 2U, '62. 

Chard, Benjamin, was with co in all the battles, &c, until wound- 
ed June 19, '04, on the Atl campn near Kenes vw ; mustered 

out with ro. 
Drummond, Americus Y, proui to Corpl, Nov 2, '63, to Sergt 



..20 ABSTEACT OF EECOEDS. 

July 15, 'G-i ; reduced Jan 15, 'G5 ; was in all the battles, &c, 
in which the Regt was engaged; mustered out with co. 
)uvall, William M, was with co and wounded in the battle of 
Chga, Sept 19, '68; died of wounds received at Chickamauga. 
)avis, George D, died Jan IS, '63, of measles inhosp, Nashville. 
>avcnport, Samuel M, prom to Corpl March 2, '63, toSergt July 
15, '64 ; was with co in all the skirmishes and battles in which 
the Regt was engaged ; mustered put with co. 
Jollman, Enos F. , prom to Corpl Feb. 8, 'G-l; was with co in the 
battle of Chga and on the Atl campn until June 28, '64; was 
in the battle of Nashville Dec. 15 and 16, '64; mustered out 
with CO. 
i^verett, Robert, was detailed as blacksmith, on duty at Corps 

Hdq'rs most of the time, mustered out with co. 
Cverett, James, was with co in the battles of L Mt, M R and Atl 
catrip; wounded at Lovejoy Station Sept. 2, 62, mustered out 
with the company. 
Feldmann, Charles, transferred to V R Corps Sept. V, '63. 
Uawn, Thomas, was with co in all battles &c. except L Mt and 

MR; wounded on the Atl campn '64, mustered out 

with the CO. 
Ciordon, George W., was with co in the battle of S R and killed 

Dec. 31, '62; buried on the field, grave No. 4. 
Goody, Fleming, prom to Corp'l July 19, 63; was with co and 
v.ounded at Chga Sept. 19, '63, died from effect of wound Nov 
11, '63. 
Graham, John M., prom to Corp'l Feb. 5, '63, to Sergt. Nov 2, 
'()4, to 1st Sergt July 15, '64; was with co in all skirmishes 
and battles in which it engaged; wounded Sept. 1, '64, mus- 
tered out with CO. 
laines, John V>'., in IIosp until discharged Nov. 3, '64. 
loskinson, Albert, was wounded in the skirmish approaching 

S R Dec. 30, '62, died of wounds Jan. 10, '63. 
less, Joseph, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R 
and Atl camp until June 19, 'G4; discharged— disabled by 
wound. 
!uss, John S, was with the co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, ^[ 
R, and rcconnoisanco of Rocky Face; in llospl from March'64 
to May '65; returned to and mustered out with co. 
!Iiler, John, was on detail as teamster most of the time, in ranks 

on part of the Atl camp; mustered out with co. 
;iens!ey, John, was with co in the battle of S R and taken pris- 
oner; was wounded 'in battle of Chga; was with co on Atl 
camp until killed, June 19, 64, near Kenesaw. 
Harrington, Charles C, was wilh co in all skirmishes and bat- 
tles except the latter part of the Atl camp; wounded June 19, 
'64, mustered out with co. 



BECORD OF COj\IPANY G. ;321 

lloward, David, was with co in all the battles in which the llegt 

engaged, except S R, mustered out with co. 
Hess. Henry, was with co in the battle of Chga and taken pris- 
oner; died at Andersonville June 27, CA. 
Hanuon, Albert H., discharged June 13, '03. 
Kelly, Reuben W., was with co in the battle of S Rand wounded 

Dec. 31, 'G2; transferred to the Marine Corps May 20, '63. 
Kaiser, Charles, prom to Corpl June 1, 63, to Sorgt Nov. 1 '03, 

to 1st Lieut July 1, 04; was with co in all the skirmishes and 

battles in which the Regt engaged, mustered out with co. 
Keys, George, was with co on the Atl campr^ and in the battle 

of Franklin; mustered out withco. 
Mitchell, Thomas J., deserted. 
Morningstar, Thomas J, was with co in the battle of Chga, Atl 

campn, Franklin and Nashville; mustered out with co. 
Morningstar, James, was with co in the battle.5 of Chga, L Mt, 

M R, the Atl campn, Franklm and Nashville'; mustered out 

with CO. ■ "^w 

Mekemson, William R, wasnot in battle, sent to hosp May, '63 ; 

transferred to V R Corps. 
Matthews, Rodolph, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt 

and MR. detailed as Adjt's clerk, and with Regt on Atl 

campn, at Franklin and Nashville, mustered out with co. 
Myers, George W, discharged Dec 20, '02, disabled by disease. 
McDill, John H, discharged Jan 30, '63, at Gallatin, Tenn. 
McDill, James C, prom to Corpl Feb 5, '03 ; was with co in the 

battles of S R, Chga and on the Atl campn, until June 19, '03; 

wounded at Chga, Sept 2, '03, and near Kenesaw Mountain, 
'"' June ly, '64; died of wounds June 20, '04. 
l\IcDi]l, David H, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt 

M R and on the Atl campn. 

McPheeters, James E. H., discharged Nov. 19, '03; disabled 

Nelk, Casper, was never in battle; mustered out with co. 

Nott, Henry P., was with co on Atl campn and in the battle of 

Franklin; mustered out with co. 
Nicholas, Henry, was with co in the battle of Chga and wounded 

Sept. 19, '63, with co on the Atl campn until Juno 13, '64, 

transferred to V R Corps Oct. 7. '04. 
Olmstead, Newton H., discharged Oct. 19, '62 at Hospl Quincy, 

111. 
5-*eck, Charles, prom to Corpl July 15, '04; was with co in all the 

.skirmishes and battles in which the Regt engaged, mustered 

out with CO. 
Pinkerton, William R., was with co and severclj' wounded in the 

battle of S R Deo 31, '62; died of wounds Jan. 0, '03. 
Pinkerton, Thomas, died of disease Feb. 25, '03. 



322 ABSTRACT OF RECOEDS. 

Peterson, Peter, prora to Corpl Jan. 1, '04, and to Scrgfc July 14 

'6-i; was with co in all the battles &c in which the Regt en- 
gaged except S R, mustered oufe with co. 
Parriott, Richard, was with the co and mortally wounded in the 

battle of S R, Dec SI, .'62 ; diet! of wounds Jan 2, 'G3. 
Reynolds, William, was with coin the battle of Chga, and killed 

on the field, Sept 20, '63. 
Rose, Orson, Died Nov 11, '62, of chronic diarrhoea .in hosp 

Louisville, Ky. 
Rapalee, Daniel W, discharged Feb 25, '63, disabled by disease. 
Ransom, licwis, in the Band ; transf'd toBrig Band May 20, 'G3. 
Sullivan, Thomas, discharged Dec 15, '63, disabled by disease. 
Sullivan, John, was with co in all battles, &e, except S R ; 

wounded in the battle of Nashville, Dec 1, '64, mustered out 

with CO. 
Schmidt, John, was left sick in hosp at Quincy, Sept 23, '62, 

never rejoined the co ; transfered to V R Corps, Jan 3, "04, 
Smith, Benjamin F, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L 

Mt and M R; died of disease Jan 12, '64. 
Spence, Samuel L, died Nov. 12, '62, in hosp Somerset, Ky. 
Shull, William, transferred to VR Corps Aug 28, '63. 
Titus, Giles F, was with co and wounded in the battle of Chga, 

Sept 20, '63 ; transferred to V R Corps April 10, '64. 
Tompkins, George W, was with co and severely wounded at S R 

Dec 31, '62, died of wound Jan 12, '63, in hospital. 
Ward, Caleb M, was detailed in Pioneer Corps Oct 18, '62 ; was 
in the battle of S R, transferred to V R Corps, April 10, '64. 
Wyckoft', Perry, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; 

wounded at Chga, Sept 20, ,03, discharged Jan y, '64, disabled 

by wounds. 

SUMMARY OF CASUALTIES. 

Killed in the battle of Stone River — Benjamin Pierce, George 
W. Gordon and Charles Spanier. 3. Wounded — Green, Beck, 
Curtis, Crandall, Hoskinson, Pinkerton, Parriott, Tompkins and 
Kelley, 9. Died of Wounds — Curtis, Hoskinson, Pinkerton, 
P.irriott and Tompkins, 5. Killed in the battle of Chickamauga 
— ^Villiam Reynolds, 1. Wounded- -Titus, Camp, Caldwell, 
Duvall, Goud}^ Ilenslcy, iVIcDill, Nicholas, G. J. Titus and Per- 
ry Wyckoff, 10. Died of Wounds— Caldwell, Duvall, Goudy, 3. 
Killed on the Atlanta Campaign — Ezra L. Camp and John Ileu- 
.-■Icy, 2. \younded— A. T. iMcDill, Randall, Augustus, Chard, 
Gawn, Everett, Harrington, Jas. W. JIcDill, Hess, Graham and 
Casteel, 11. Died of wounds — Augustus and James W. McDill, 
2.^ Wounded in the battle of Franklin— Adj't R. W. Caswell, 1. 
Wounded in the battle of Nashville— John Sullivan,]. Total 
killed 6; wounded, 32; died of wound?, 10. 



CHAPTER IX. 

€O.A[PANY ir. — UKIGINAL MUSTEK KOLL AND PERSONAL 
KEC'OIID. 

Jolin C Pepper, Capt, was in comtufind of the co on Ky camp 
and in baltic of 6 E, and slightly wounded Dec. 31, '62; dis- 
missed from service July 22, '63, was subsequently reinstated 
and honorably discharged. 

Luther T. Ball, 1st Lieut, was with CO on Ky campn, and was 
killed in battle of S 11 Dec. 81, 01; was buried on the field. 

Henry E. Abercronibie, 2nd Lieut, was with coon Ky campn and 
killed in the battle of S R Dec. 31, '02, buried on the field. 

Andrew J Ilellings, 1st Sergt, was with co on Ky campn and 
killed in the battle of S R Dec. 31, '02, buried near Hospital. 

John M. Weidner, Seigt, was with co on the Ky campn and 
killed in the battle of S R Dec. 31, '02, buried on the iield, 
Grave No. 12. 

Harrison R West, Sergt, was with co in the battle of S R, Chga, 
L Mtand M R; sent to Hospl April '01; discharged Sept, 27, 
'04 at Quincy, Hlinois, disabled by disease. 

J R Johnson, Seigt, was wounded near Salt River Ky Oct. 3, 
'62; returned to co Jan. 14, '63; reduced to ranks while absent 
was with co in all battles &c except S R, mustered outwithco. 

William W McCandks.s, Sergt, was with co on Ky campn and 
severely wounded at S R Dec. 31, '02; had his leg amputated 
and died from effects of wound Jan. '63 at Field Hospital. 

Almon Wilbur, Gorpl, prom to Sergt Oct. 1, '62, died April 1, 
'63 in Hospital No. 4, Murfresboro, Tenn. 

Eli Detwiler, Corpl prom to Sergt, Oct 1, '04 ; was with co in all 
battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged, except the battle 
of Nashville ; was wounded at S R, Dec 31, '02 ; was sent to 
hosp Dec 14, '04, and discharged May '05. 

George Dougherty, Corp!, prom to Sergt, Jan 1, '03; was with 



324 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

CO in all the battles in which the Regt ',vas engaged, except on 
the latter portion of the Atl canipn ; wounded June 27, '04, 
near Kenesaw Mountain, mustered out with co. 

Jasper N. "White, Corpl, prom to 2nd Lieut, Jan 1, '03, to 1st 
Jjieut March 4, 'G4; was with the co in the battlesof SR, 
Franklin. and Nashville, and part of the Atl campn; was 
■wounded at S 11, Dec 31, '62, and near Reseca, May 14, '64 ; 
mustered out with co. 

Jasper J. Kidwell, Corpl, was with co on the Ky campn, and 
killed in the battle of S R, Dec 31, '62 ; buried on the tield, 
grave No. 11. 

Austin Green, Corpl, was with co on the Ky campn ; sent to hosp 
Dec 22, '02, and never returned toco; reduced Feb 1,'63; 
discharged May 20, '64, at Nashville, Tenn. 

PJUVATES. 

Ails, John C, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and M 

R ; discharged. 
Baliein, Joseph, was with co and wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; 

was again wounded May 9, '64, near Rocky Face, Ga, and 

killed Oct 30, '64, by R R collision in Indiana. 
Boggess, William H, was with co and wounded m the battle of 

S R, Dec 31, '02, and again in the battle of Chga, Sept I'J, '63; 

discharged May 18, '64, disabled by wounds. 
Brown, Joshua 11, prom to Corpl Jan 1, '63; was with co in' all 

the battles, &e, in which the Regt was engaged ; was wound- 
ed at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; mustered out with co. 
Brown, Benjamin L, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L 

Mt, M R, and on the Atl campn, until May 19, '64; discharged 

April 18, '05, at hosp Chicago, 111. 
.Brown. Hugh VV, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and 

Nashville ; was on duty at Chattanooga from March to Dec, 

'64; mustered out with co. 
BeKtley, John E, prom to 1st Sergt Jan 1, '63 ; was with co in 

all the battles, &c, except Franklin and Nashville; mustered 

out with CO. 
Cromle}', John A, discharged Feb 12, '63, at hosp Nashville. 
Carroll, John, was with co in all skirmishes and battles in which 

the Regt was engaged ; mustered out with co. 
Calhoun, Alexander, was with co in all battles, &c, in which the 

Regt was engaged, except S R ; mustered out with co. 
Calhoun, Samuel C, was with co in all battles, &c, in which the 

Regt was engaged, except S R ; mustered out with co. 
Conway, Michael, died Dec 1"J, '62, in hosp Nashville, Tenn. 
Cyvall, Edgar,D W, was on detail as a mechanic (wheel-wright) 
most of the time ; mustered out with co. 



PtECOED OF C03IPANY ]]. 325 

»)ann, Uriah, sent tohospNov 1, '62, and was never heard from 

afterward; dropped from rolls as a deserter. 
E)ehaven, Garrett, was with co and severely wounded at S R Dec 

01, '62 ; discharged on account of wounds, April 8, '64. 
Dorrity, John, wa.s with co in all the hattles, &c, in which the 

Regt was engp.<:;e;l ; mustered out with co. 
'niUey John W, was with co in all the battles in which the Regt 

was engaged except S R anj part of the Atl campn, mustered 

out with CO. 
Diesch John, detailed in Pioneer Corps Oct. 18, '62; wounded at 

SRDec. 31, '62; had his leg amputated and died of wounds 

Jan. 9, '63. 
Fuller William, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R 

Dec. 31, '62, with co on Atl campn and in the battle of Fraiik- 

Hn and Nashville, mustered out with co. 
Guest Alonzo, died Nov. 17, '62, in IIospl Bowling Green, Ky. 
Gillespie John II, was with co at Chga, taken prisoner Sept. 20, 
,, . '63; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug, 9, '64. 
Glidden Clark C, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M 

R and on the All campn until j\Iay 14, '64; wounded near Re- 

seca, Ga., May 14, '64; transfered to V R Corps Feb. 13, '64. 
' iailaher John, was 'AJth co in ;iJl battles &c in which the Regt 

cngr.ged except on the Atl campn from May 19 to Aug. 9, '64; 

mustered out with co. 
Gilrain Jchn, was with co in all the battles &c in which the 

Regt engaged; was wounded atS R Dec. 31, '62, mustered out 

with co 
llolden John, was with co in the battles of L Mt, M R and on 

the Atl campn until May 10, '64; was in Hospitals more than 

half of the term, discharged May '65. 
Harvey Antis, was not with co in action; discharged Nov. 19, '63, 
Haney George M, transferred to V R Corps Aug. 1, '63. 
tloovcr Joseph, detailed in Signal Corps April Is, '63; transfered 

to same Nov. 2, '63. 
llendley Hiram, v/as with co in all the skirmishes and battles in 

which the Regl was engaged; wounded at Chga Sept. 10, '63, 

and again near New Hope Church May 30, '64, mustered out 

wiih CO. 
Isbell Collins W, was with co at all times during the whole term 

but did not generally serve in the ranks, mustered out with co. 
Johnson William F, prom to Sergt Jan. 2, '63; was with co in 

the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R and on the Atl campn 

until wounded May 30, 'M; had his leg amputated June 7, '64 
discharged, disabled by loss of leg. 
Jones Stokely M, was not with co after Oct, 1, '62; discharged 

Jan. 20, '63 at Bowling Green, Ky. 
5\ilo Avery !■]► was with co in the battles of S R, the Atl cam^.a 



326 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

after July 20, '64, Franklin and Nashville, mustd out with co, 
Kamp Frederick, died Nov. 4, '62 in Hospl at Danville, Ky. 
Keira Frederick, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, 
and M R, discharged April 20, '64. 

Kile Bigelow, was with co and killed in the battle of S R Dec. 

31, '62, buried on the Field, Grave No. 9. 
Keinston Alonzo F, discharged Jan. 27, '63 at Hospl. 

Kile Archibald C, transferred to V R Corps Aug. 15, '63. 

Kile Elijah N, was with co in the battles of Chga, Franklin and 
Nashville; was wounded Sept. 19, '63, mustered out with co, 

Lipton William, was with co in the battle of S R and kiiled Dec. 
31, '62. 

Lucas, Frank, was with co in all skirmishes and battles in which 
the Regt was engaged ; mustered out with co. 

Little, Edward, was detailed into Pioneer Corps, Nov 17, '62;j 
transferred to Eng Corps, July 20, '64. 

McCallock, Matthew R, was with co in the battles of Chga, L M 
M R. Franklin and Nashville, and on the All campn, until June 
27, '64 ; mustered out with co. 

McManus, Lawrence, was with co and wounded at S R, Dec 31, 
'62 ; in the battles of L Mt, M R and on the Atl campn, until 
killed, June 16, '64, near Pine Mountain, Ga. 

McCarr, Josiah, was not Avith the co in any engagement ; dis- 
charged about June 1, '64, at Nashville. 

McFerren, George J, was with co in the battle of S R, and killed 
Dec 31, '63; buried on bottlefield. 

McFerren, John, was sent to hosp at Nashville, Dec 2, '62; never 
afterwards returned to the co ; discharged at E vansville, Ind., 
about June 1, '65. 

McDonald, John, detailed as ambulance driver from Dec 24, '63, 
until Dec '63; was with coon Atl campn, and in battles of 
Franklin and Nashville; mustered out with co. 

Moorehead, Andrew J, prom to Cor pi Feb 1, '64; was with co in 
the battles of S R, Chga, Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville ; 
mustered out with co. 

McLean, Peter, prom to 1st Lieut, Jan 1, '63, to Capt March 4, 
'64 ; was with co in all the battles in which the Regt was en- 
gaged ; was wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; must'd out withco. 

Mack, Daniel, prom to Corpl, June '64 ; was with co and wound- 
ed in the battle of Chga, Sept 19, '63 ; was with co again on 
Atl campn, and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville ; mus- 
tered out with CO. 

Markee, John N, on duty in the ambulance train, and with the 
Div Q M, during the whole term ; mustered out with co. 

Miller, Thomas, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R, 
Dec 31, '62 ; discharged March 12, '63, on account of wound, 
irray, Thomas, was with co in all the battles, etc, in which the 



RECORD OF COMPANY H. 327 

Hegtwas engaged, except on the Atl campn, from June 27, to 

Augt 12, '(1-4 ; mustered out with co. 
Myer, Adolphu.s F, was with co in all the engagements in which 

the Regt took part, except during latter part of the Atl campn; 

was wounded May 30, 'G4; near New Hope Church, Ga; mug- 

tered out with co. 
Odea, Thomas C, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R, 

Dec 31, '62; was ni hosp until mustered out May '65. 
Personius, Oliver R, died Dec IS, 'Go, in hosp Bowling (JreenjKy' 
Purdy, Elim, was not with^co from Dec 26, '62, until April 1, 

'61; with CO from April i, until wounded near Rocky Face, 

Ga., May 9, '64; discharged. 
Ross, James, was on detail aWay from the co from Dec '62, until 

July '64; with co on Atl campn after July 1-1, ,G1 ; wounded 

at Lovejoy Station, Ga., Sept 2, '6-4 ; mustered out with co. * 
Rothrock, Peter, died Jan 20, '65, in hosp Nashville, Tcnn. 
Reynolds, Peter, was with co in the battle of S R, ;i.nd on the 

Atl campn until June 29, '6-4; discharged at hospQaincy, '6.5. 
Shaw, William, was with co in battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, Love- 
joy Station and Nashville ; mustered out with co. 
Shaw, William 11,. prom to Sergt, April 1, '63; was witlrco in 

battles of Chga, Franklin, and Nashville, with the co on Atl 

campn until wounded, May 9, '63; mustered out with co. 
Smith, Solomon, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and 

M R; wounded at M R Nov 26, '63; discharged Oct 20, '64, 

at Springfield, 111., disabled by wound. 
Spry, George W, was with co in battles of Chga, L Mt M R and 

part of Atl campn ; wounded at Chga. Sept 10, '68, at Rocky 

Face May 9, '64, and again near New Hope Church, June 10, 

'fi4; discharged Feb 9, '65, at Davenport, Iowa, disabled by 

wound, 
^'ullivan, Marion, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga ; 

wounded at S R Dec 31, '62, and at Chga Sept 19, '63; died of 

wounds Sept 24, '63. 
Sample, John L, was with co in all battles, etc, in which the Rett 

was engaged prior to Aug '64, when he was wounded in the 

siege of Atlanta ; discharged May '65, at Nashville. 
Spicer, Edgar L, was with co and severely wounded at S R, Dec 

31, '62; died of wounds Jan 2?, '63, at Nashville, Tenn. 
Scott, James M, prom to Corpl Jan 1, '63 ; was with co in battles 

of S R and Chga; wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63 ; rejoined the 

co in Feb 'G5, and mustered out with co. 
Summers, John, was in hosp from Dec 26, '62, ut.til discharged 

Oct 9, '63. 
Smith, John, was with co in the battle of S R, and on Atl carapn 

until wounded near Pine Mountain June 16, '64; inustereil 

out with CO. 



328 ABSTKACT OF EECORDS. 

Thompson, John, was discharged Oct 27, '62, at Louisville, Ey. 
Turacy, Mack, died Sept 27, '62, in hosp atQuinc}', Illinois. 
Wickiser Oscar, was on duty as teamster from Dec. '62 until 

March '64; with the co on the Atl campn until wounded near 

Pine Mt June 19, '64, mustered out with co. 
Wade Alfred, was with co in all the skirmishes, battles &c in 

which the Regt engaged, mustered out with co. 
Williams Lewis G, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; 

wounded at Chga Sept. 20, '63, discharged March 1, '65. 
Warwick John M, was with co in the battle S R; detailed at D)7 

Hd'qrs Nov. 23, '63; transferred to Corps Il'dqrs, mustered 

out with CO. 
Walter Charles C, prom to Corpl Feb. 1, '63; was with co in the 

battles of Chga, Franklin, Nashville and on the Atl campn, 
* mustered out with co. 

Walter David N, transferred to Marine Brigade June 1863. 
Williams Daniel, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; 

was killed at Chga Sept. 19, '63. 
Welliver Henderson, was with co in the battle of 3 R and killed 

Dec. 31, '62, buried on the Field, Grave No. 10. 
Whan Francis, died Oct. '62 at home on furlough from Hospl. 
Whan Robert, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt,- 

M R and on Atl campn until Aug. 4, 64; died Aug, 80, '64 at 

Kingston, Ga. 
White Hezeki::.h, prom to Corpl Dec. 62, was with co in the bat- 
tle of S R, wounded Dec. 31, '62 and discharged April 14, '68 

disabled by wound. 

SVMMAEY OF CASUAUTIES. 

Killed in the battle of Stone River— Luther T Ball, Henry E. 
Abercrombic, A. J. Hellings, J. M. Weidner, J, J. Kidwcll, B. 
Kile, Wm. Lipton, Geo. J. McFcrren, Henderson Wellever, fl. 
Wounded— Pepper, Detwiler, J. N. White, H. C. White, Bal- 
lin, Eoggess, McCandless, Debaven, Brown, Diesoh, Fuller, 
Gilrain, McManus, Miller, Odea, Sullivan, Spicer andMcLain, 18. 
Died of Wounds— W. W. McCandless, John Deisch and E L. 
Spicer, 8. Killed in the battle of Chickamanga — Daniel Wil- 
liams, 1. Wouadcd — Boggess, Hcndley, B. N. Kile, M^ck, 
Spry, Sullivan, Scott and Williams, 8. Died of wounds — Ma- 
lion Sulhvan. Killed in the engagements on the Atlanta Cam- 
paign — Lawrence McManus, 1. Wounded — Dougherty, White, 
'Villein, Heniley, Johnson, Myers, Purdy, Rcss, Shaw, Spry,. 
Sample, Smith, Wickiser and GUdden, 14. Wounded in the bat- 
lb of Missionary Ridge — Solomon Scott, 1. Wounded on t in 
Kentuc4;v Campai:;n — J R. Johnson, 1. Accidentally k'Ued 
on Railroad— Joseph Ballcin, 1, Total— Killed 12; Wounded 
42 ; Died of woip.ls t. 



CHAPTER X. 

COilPANY I. — ORIGINAL :MUSTEK ROLL AND PERSONAL 
RECORD. 

Albert J GrifRth, Capt, was in command of the co on the Ky 
campn; went to IIospl at Nashville Dec. 11, '02, and resigned 
Feb. 4, '63. 

William Scott, 1st Lieut, was with co on the Ky canipn; went to 
convalescent camp Dec. 20, '02 when the Rcgb started to S R;. 
resigned Feb. 17, '63. 

Thomas T Kendrick, 2nd Lieut, was taken sick on the Ky campn; 
was with CO to Somerset; went to Hospl at Bowling Groen Ky, 
where he died Nov. 19, '02, 

Monroe P Edwards, 1st Sergt, prom to Commissary Sergt Aug. 
21, '02; was taken sick at Quincy, 111., but continued with the 
Regt until Nov. 7, '02; removed or reduced Got. '02; discharg- 
ed at Louisville Ky Dec. '02. 

"William Stevens, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt Aug. 21, '62 before 
muster; reduced to ranks Oct. 12, '62; was with coonly on the 
Kv campn; discharged Jan. 1-1, '63 at Nashville, Tenn. 

Jolin W Whiteside, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt Oct. 12, '62; reduced 
to ranks Feb 12, '03, by order of Col VVaters for mibtiike in 

Soriling report, which he attributed to Lt Scott ; was with co 
all the battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged, except 

S R ; mustered out with co. 
John Daugherty, Sergt, was with co in all skirmishes, battles, 

&c. except Chga, L Mt and M R; mustered out with co. 
William Mills, Sergt, reduced to ranks Nov 15, '02 -was with co 

only on the Ky Campn; died Dec 3, '62, in hosp at Nashville. 
Joi'n C Logue, Corpl, prom to Sergt Aug 11, '62, to 2nd Lieut 

'Larch 0, '63, to 1st Lieut June 19, ''Go ; was with co on the 

Ky campn, and in battle of S R and Chga; resigned Dec 31, 

'62; disability from ill health. 
■ avid A Alexander, Corpl, was with co Ky campn, and atS R; 



330 ABSTKACT OF RECORDS. 

was on duty on the color guard atS R and severely wounded 

Dec 31, '62 ; died of wounds Jan 20, '63, in hosp at Nashville. 
Joel B Morris, Corpl, reduced Sept 30, '62 ; prom to Sergt Feb 

11, '63; was with co in the battles of S R, L M and M R; sent 

to hosp Feb 22, '64, and was discharged Nov 15, '64, at Quin- 

cy, 111. 
James B ilanlove, Corpl, prom to Sergt Nov 29, '64; was with co 

in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, the Atl campn, Franklin 

and Nashville ; slightly wounded near Kcnesaw Mountain July 

1, '64; mustered out with co. 
Samuel Cain, Corpl, prom to Sergt Feb 5. '63, to 1st Sergt Nov 

29, '64; was with co in all the battles, &c, in which the Regt 

was engaged; was wounded at S R Dec 31, '62 ; mustered 

out with CO. 
Joseph Stevens, Corpl, was with co in all skirmishes, battles, &c, 

except S R ; mustered out with co. 
Henry D Cromwell, Corpl, prom to Sergt Oct 12, '62; was in 

the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, Franklin and Nashville; was 

several times in hosp; mustered out with co. 
Edward Davis, Corpl, was with co during the entire term, in all 

the engagements in which the Regt took part; mustered out 

with CO. 

PKIVATEK, 

Alexander, David M, prom to 2nd Lieut, June 10, '63, to 1st Lieut 
March 1, '64; was never absent from the co; was in all the bat- 
tles, itc, in which the Regt was engaged ; slightly wounded 
Sept 2, '64, at Lovejoy Station, Ga; mustered out with co. 

Alexander, William, prom to Corpl June 12, '64; was with co in 
the battles *f Chga, L Mt, M R and the Atl campn, until 
wounded June 30, '64, near Kenesaw Mountain; mustered out 
with CO. 

Beckifian, Albert 0, was with co only a few months at a time, 
never in battle ; was in hosp most of the time; died Qct 22, 
'64, in hosp at (^uincy. 111. f 

Bates, Francis H, was discharged Jan 14, '63, at Nashville, Tenn. 

Binkley, Newton A, was with co in every skirmish and battle 
except S R; mustered out with co. 

Boils, John, was with co at S R and Chga ; at S R got separated 
from the c»^ and was arrested by patrols; at Chga wounded 
himself; was at hosp most of the time; must'dout with co. 

Brown, Isaac M, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M|R, 
and on the Atl campn, until wounded near Atlanta July 20, 
'64; transferred to V R Corps, and at his own request transfd 
to co; mustered out with co. 



RECOED OF COMPANY I. 331 

Brady, Hugh, was with co at S R and at Chga, was severely 
wounded Sept 19, was with co on the Atl cainpn until wound- 
ed July 1, '0-i, near Kenesaw Mt; transfeired to V R Corps, 
Uct2y, 'f.-i. 

]>rothers, Wilson, detailed into Pioneer Corps, Nov 28, 62; was 
drowned May 5, '03. 

Brothers, Samuel, detailed into Pioneer Corps Dec 18, '02; died 
March 27, '64, at Liberty, Adams co.. 111. 

Bouker, Clark, was discharged Jan 17, '03, at hosp Cincinnati. 

Brown, Thomas II, prom to Corpl Nov 29, 'G3; was with co in 
all skiroiishcs and battles except Lovejoy Station ; was only 
absent from duty from Aug 25 to Sept 9, '64; mustered out 
with CO. 

Barnard, Calvin, was v\ ith co on Ky campn, died March 24, '63, 
in hosp at Murf'reesboro, Tenn. 

Babbitt, Hardy G, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and 
MR; detailed in the Arab Corps, March 5, '64; was slightly 
wounded and taken prisoner Jan 23, '63, while on duty on R 
R train guard; wounded again June 1, '64, near Kenesaw Mt; 
mustered out with co. 

Butler, William J, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M 
R and the Atl campn; mustered out with co. 

Bowman, John H, died Dec 25, '62, in hosp Nashville, Tenn. 

Bell, James, died Dec 15, '62, in hosp Nashville, Tenn. 

Cain, Nelson, was with co on the Ky campn and at S R, where 
he was twice wounded Dec 31, '62; died of wounds Feb 7, '64 
at Nashville Tenn. 

Cain, liaban, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt and 
M R; lost his sight and was transferred to the V R Corps Oct 
20, '64; transferred to co May '65; mustered out with co. 

Crawford, AVilliam D, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; se- 
verely wounded Dec 31, '62, and died of woimds Jan 10, '63. 

Carter, John B, prom to Corpl; was with co in the battles, &c, in 
which the Regt was engaged except S R, and a part of the Atl 
campn from Aug 25 to Sept 9, '64; mustered out with co. 

Clark, Archibald, was with coon the Ky campn and at S R; was 
killed Dec 31, '62; buried on the field, grave No. 15. 

Daugherty, Thomas, was with co in all skirmishes and battles 
except S R; mustered out with co. 

Davis, William H, was with co in all skirmishes and battles ex- 
cept S R; mustered out with co. ♦ 

Doyle, Samuel, was left at Louisville Oct 3, '62, never returned to 
co; was dropped from the roll as a deserter Oct 1, '64. 

Deary, Bazil, was discharged Jan 4, '63, at hosp Bowling Green. 

Fritzen, Fred, was with ^'o in the battles of S R and Chga; was 
on detail the balance of the time; mustered out with co. 

Groves, Samuel W, was with co in the battles of Franklin and 



a32 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

Nashville; was at home without leave from Feb 9 to Sept 28, 
'(33, and lost pay for that period; mastered out with co. 

Giddinpjs, George H, was discharged Feb 7, 'G3, at hosp at Bowl- 
ing Green, Ky. 

Galloway, Thomas J, was with co on the Ky campn and at S R; 
was killed at S R Dec 31, '02; buried on the Held, grave No. 14. 

Houk, David, died Dec 5, '62, in hosp Bowling Green, Ky. 

Hulen, William B, was with co in Ky to Somerset, in hosp un- 
til transferred to V R Corps Aug 31, '63. 

Henry, William E, prom to Corpl Nov '62; became bhnd and 
was discharged Dec 24, '62, at hosp Nashville, Tenn. 

Hall, Atlas, was with coin all skirmishes and battles except S R; 
slightly wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63, but did not leave the 
co; mustered out with co. 

Hornc}^, Alexander S, prom to Corpl Oct 12, '62; was with co 
Ky campn and at S R; was severely wounded Dec 31, '62; 
died of wounds Jan 24, '63, in Gen. Field IIosp at Stone River. 

Higlcy, Harlow, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; severely 
wounded Dec 31, '62; died of wounds Jan 29, '63, in hosp at 
Nashville Tenn. 

Handley, William H H, was with co in all the skirmishes and 
l>attles in which the Regt was engaged except S R; mustered 
out with CO. 

Hamilton, Lemuel B, in band, transferred to Brig Band May 20, 
1863. 

Tnman, Aaion, was with co in all skirmishes and battles except 
S R; mustered out with co. 

Johnson Francis II, died Dec 1,'G2, in hosp Bowling Green, Ky. 

Johnson, Cyrene, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; 
wounded at S R Dec 31, '62, and severely wounded at Chga 
Sept 20, '63; transferred to V. R Corps Nov 1, '64, on account 
of wounds. 

Kimer}', John J, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R 
and of the Atl campn, until Junu24, '64, when he was instant- 
ly killed near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. 
Laughlin, Amos F, was with co in the battles of Chga, LMt, M 
R and on the most of the Atl campn; was out of camp without 
pass Aug 1, '64, captured and by sentence of Court Mar- 
tial lost three months pay; was mustered out with co. 

Long, Robert D, was detailed into Pioneer Corps Dea 11, '62; 

dischavjsad JJarch 17, '64. 
Lathrop, John W, died Dec 28, '62, in hosp No. 4, Nashville. 
F-ainbert, Simeon, discharged Feb 19, '63, at Bowling Green, Ky. 
Myers, Thomas T, was is hosp most of the time, until transf 'd 

to Y R Corps June 15, '64. 
Myers, William H, was with co on the Ky campn, and the bat- 
tle of S R; severely wounded Dec 31, '62; died Jan 26, '63,, 



RECOUD OF COMPANY I. 333 

from effects of wounds. 
Miller, Dirk, was with co on Ky campn, and was killed in the 

battle of S R Dec 31, '62; buried on the field, grave No. IG. 
Marshall, Elisha, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt 
^^ R, Nashville, and was on the Atl campn until May 10, 'C4; 
mustered out with co. 
Manlove, David R, was with co on the Ky campn; severely 
wounded in the battle of S R Dec 31, 'G2; died of wounds 
March 20, '03, in hosp No. 1, Nashville Tenn. 
Martin, David II, died Dec 14-, '02 in hosp No. 14, Nashville.. 
Martin, Thomas, was with co on all campn's and in all skirmishes 
and battles; nevtr absent during the whole term; mustcrecA 
out with CO. 
Mason, Peter, was accidently woiyided on picket near Silver 
Springs, Tenn, Nov 15, '02; discharged Dec 1, '02; disabled by 
wound. 
McCurdy, Daniel, was with co in all battles and skirmishes ex- 
cept L Mtand M R; was wounded in the battle of Chga Sept 
1!), '02; mustered out with co. 
McDowell, Andrew S, appointed QM Sergt Augt 9, '02, prom to 
2nd Lieut Nov 27, '02, to Capt March 0, '03; was in command 
of CO in every battle in which the Regt was engaged; wa.s 
twice slightly wounded, at Chga Sept 20, 03, and at Nashville 
Dec 1-5, '()4; mustered out with co. 
McCown, James D, was with co in all engagements except L Mt 
and M R; was was wounded at S R Dec 31, '02, at Chga Sop: 
20, '03, lost a finger; and was slightly wounded at Nashville 
Doc 15, 'Gi; mustered out with co. 
Patterson William S, was with co in all the actions, (fee, after S 
R, until killed June -4, '64, near Kenesaw Mountain; was in 
the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R. 
Povehouse, Joseph B, was with co in the battles of L Mt, M R, 
on the Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville; must'dout with cr. 
Povehouse, William W, prom to Sergt Dec 12, '02; was with ou 

in all battles except S R and Franklin; must'dout with co. 
Stevens, George M, was with co on Ky campn and S R; was se- 
verely wounded Dec 31, '62; died of wounds Feb 10, '03, iu 
hosp No 8, Nashville, Tenn. 
Shohoney, William "W, died Dec 9, '02, in hosp Louisville, Ky. 
Scott, Cra\vford, was with co on Ky campn and killed af S R Dec 

31, '02; buried on the field, grave No 17. 
Stinson, James, was with co in the battles of Chga and on most 
of Atl campn; loft camp without a pass Aug 3, '04; was cap- 
tured and paroled, lost three months pay by sentence of Court 
Martial; mustered out with co. 
Stevens, Robert, was with co in the battles of Chga, on the Atl 
campn, Franklin and Nashville; was wounded at Chga Sept 



n:]4 ABSTRxiCT OF RECORDS. 

1"J, '03; mustered out with co. 

Slagle, David N, prom to Corpl, was with co at S R and wound- 
ed Dec SI, '62; returned to co March IS, '63, still disabled for 
carrying a musket; did such duty as he was able to, and de- 
clined a discharge until mustered out with co. 

Shohoney, Dudley, was with co onKy campn and at S R, where 
he was slightly wounded Dec 31, '62; died of disease April 23 
'Go, in hosp at Murfreesboro, Tenn. 

Slagle, John F, was with co in all the battles, &c, except S E 
mustered out with co. 

Tatman, Charles L, was detailed as teamster at Louisville Se 
27, '62, and continued on that duty the entire time; was mui 
tered out with co. 

Thomas, Warren 0, was with co on Ivy campn, and in the battle 
of S R; detailed as drummer Feb, 21, '63, and continued on 
duty in Rcgt'l band until mustered out with co. 

Turner, Abram, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R 
Dec 41, ' 62; was sent to hosp and never afterwards heard from, 
probably died of wounds. 

Thomas, lihamar S, in band, transferred to Brig Band, May 20, 
'63. 

"Wr.ght, John E, was discharged March 14, '63, at Nashville. 

Worley, Elihu, was with co on Ky campn and in battle of S R; 
sent td hosp May 12, '63; died July 18, '63, in hosp No. 13, 
Louisville, Ky. 

Wright, Alonzo D, was with co in the battle of Chga and on Atl 
campn, until ,Vay 21, '64; transferred July 26, '64, to V R 
Corps at Indianapolis, Ind. 

Weidenheimer, John J, deserted from hosp at Quiney, '62; re- 
ported at Benton Barracks April '63, to avail himself of the 
pardon offered in the President's Proclamation; discharged 
April 26, '63, at St. Louis. 

Wear, David C, prom to Corpl Jutie 12, '64; was with co in all 
battles, etc, in which the Regt was engaged, except S R; mus- 
tered out with CO. 

Webb, Williaift H, was with co in battle of Chga, and severely 
wounded Sept 19, '63; was discharged, disabled by wounds 
June 6, '64. 

Whitlock, Ervin, was in the Regt'l band on Ky campn; transf'd 
to V RCorps Sept 30, '63, at Chicago. 

SUMMAKV OF CASlAr/nilS. 

In the battieof Stone River,— Killed— Archibald Clark, Thom- 
as J. Galloway, Dirk Miller and Crawford Scott — 4. Wounded, 
Ale.xander, Samuel Cain, Nelson Cain, Crawford, Horney, Ilig- 
ley, Johnson, Myers, Malone, McCovvn, Stevens, Slagle, Sho- 



RECORD OF COMPANY I. 



335 



lioney and Turner, — 14. Died of wounds, — D. A. Alexander, 
Nelson Cain, W. D. Crawford, Alex. S. Horney, W. H. Myers, 
II. Iligley, D. R. Manlove, G. M. Stevens and Abrm Turner, — 9. 
AVounded in the battle of Chickamauga — Boils, Hall, Johnson, 
J/cUowcll, J/cCown, Stevens, Webb, Bradey and ^1/cCurdy, U. 
Killed on the Atlanta Campaign — John J. Kiinery and William 
S. Patterson, 2. AVounded — ilTanlove, D, M. Alexander, AVm. 
Alexander, Brown, Babbitt, Brady, G. AVounded near Nashville 
on Railroad train guard — Babbitt, 1. Accidentallj' wounded on 
picket — , Peter Mason, 1. Total killed, C; wounded, 31; died 
of wounds, 9. 




CHAPTER XL 

COMPANY K. — ORIGINAL MUSTER ROLL AND PERSONAL 
RECORD. 

John B McGaw, Capt, was with the Regt, and in command of the 
CO in the battles of S R Chga, Alt campn Franklin and Nash- 
ville, wounded at Chga, Sept 20, '63, mustered out with tho 

CO. 

Alexander? Nelson, 1st Lieut, was ivith the co in the battles of 
S R, and Chga, rendered valuable services to the Regt, being 
a skillful Surgeon, resigned Oct, 26, '63. 
Myron H Mills, 2nd, Lieut, was with the co in the battles of S R, 
Chga, L Mtand M R, was wounded-at S R, Dec 31, '»;2, Re- 
signed March 29, '64-. 
Samuel G Plummer, 1st Sergt was with (he co on the Ky campn, 
and was killed^in the battle of S R, Dec 81, '02, Buried on 
the field, grave no 8. 
Jamjs F Fryrear, Sergt, was in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, 
M R, and on the Atl crapn, until July 16 '64, promoted to 1st, 
Surg May '6-i, died Sept, 26, '6-1, of chr diarrhoea, at Quincy 
Ills. 
David W Downey Sergt, prom, to 1st Sergt Nov, '61 was with 
CO in the Battles of Chga L Mt, M R,and on the Atl campn un- 
til June 19, '6-i when he was wounded near Ivcnesaw Mt, was 
in the battle of Franklin and Nashville and mustered out with 
the C3. 
Archibald Beal, Sergt died Jan 5, '63, of Typhoid fever in hospt 

Nashville Tenn. 
Villiam M Galbraith, Sergt prom to 1st Sergt Jan '63, to 1st 
Lieut, May '64, was with the co in the battles of S R, Chga, 
L .1/t, M R, and the Atl compn, in command of Div Amb tram 
at Franklin and Nashville, slightly wounded at Lovejoy Sta 
tion S»pt 2, '64, mustered out with co. 



I^ECOltD OF CO.MPANY It 337 

■John 11 Leslie, Corpl, was with the co in all the battles in which 

the Regt engaged, was mustered out with co. 
Joseph Brown, Corpl with co on the At! campn and in the hat 

tie of Franklin, was particularly skillful in the manufac- 
ture of rings, mustered out with co. 
John F Martin, Corpl, was discharged Dec. 31, '62, at Nashville 

Tenn. ' 

Samuel Wilkins Corpl, was with co on the Ky campn and in the 

battle of S R was killed Dec 3J, '62, buried on the field, grave 

No 7. 
Robert S McMillan, Corpl prom to Sergt Dec '62, was with the ro 

in the battles of Chga Li/, M R on the Atl campn Franklin 

and Nashville, was mustered out with co. 
Thomas O McQuown, Corpl promted to Sergt Jan '64, was with 

the CO in the skirmishes battles &c in which the Regt engag- 
ed, was mustered out with co. 
George Bell, Corpl, was with the co on the Ky campn and at S R 

where he was wounded Dec 31, '62, discharged, disabled by 

wound May 11, '63, at Quincy Ills. 
Smith M Wax, Corpl, was with the co in all the battles in which 

the Rogt engaged except S R, mustered out with co, 

AUaman, Wi ham J, was with the co and fjivcrcly wounded 
at S R, Dec, 81, ,62; tied of wounds Jan 10, '63. 

Abrahamson, William was with the co and wounded in the bat- 
tle of S R ; was never able for duty afterwacd.^. 

Brown, James P, was with the co in all the battles in which the 
Regt engaged except S R ; mustered out with co. 

Bcrggren, Charles was with the co on the Atl campn died Oct 
23, '64; of chr diarrhoea in hosp at Kingston Ga. 

Brown, John A, prom corpl Nov, '64; was with the co in all th^ 
battles in which the Regt was eng,^ge'l, mustered out with cc. 

Blake, Thomas, was with the co in the battles of S R, Chga of 
part of the Atl campn ; Franklin and Nashville ; was wound- 
ed May 28, '64, near New Hope church Ga, mustered out with 

CO. 

Beatty, Ira W, was with the co in the battles of Chga, on the 
Atl campn ; Franklin and Nashville mustered out with co. 

Beatty, George W, was with the co in all the skirmi/^hes, battles 
in which the Rogtwaa engaged; was wounded at Lovejoy Sta- 
tion Sept 2, '64, and mustered out with co. 

Bfimhall, Henry, was with the co in all the battles in which the 
Regt was engaged; was mustered out with co. 

Beebe, David B, was with the co in the batt'cs of S R,Chga and 
on the Atl campn; was killed Aug 5, '64 ; in front of At- 



338 ABSTRACT OF RECOEDB. 

lanfa Ga. 

Burns, Alfred was with the co in the battle of Ohga and on the 
Atl campn until wounded J/ay 28, '64, near New Hope church 
Ga; transfered to V R corps July 2Y, '64. 

Bond, Edward F, was with the co in the battle of S R, and on the 
Atl campn ; was mustered out with co. 

B eebe, William A, was accidently wounded, Oct 15, '62, near Mt 
Vernon Ky; served afterwards in the Ambulance corps; mus- 
tered out at Hosp. 

Bell, Walter was with the co in all the battles in which the Regt 
was engaged ; was wounded near Atl Ga, Aug 20, '64; mus- 
tered out with CO. 

Clements, Abncr, was discharged Feb 5, '63, at Nashville IVnn. 

Dean, John was transferred to the Marine Brigade Nov 1, '63. 

£wing, Samuel, was with the co in the battle of Chga and on the 
Atl campn to Kenesaw Mt ; was sent to Hosp and did not re- 
join the co; was discharged at Springfield His. 

Ewing, James R. was with the co in all engagements until taken 
sick before Kenesaw Mt, June 27, '64; was killed, Oct 21, 
'64; by accident on RR train near Lafayette Ind. 

Foster, William P, died Feb 2, '68 of Typboid fever, at Nashville 
Tenn. 

Glover, James R, promoted to corp Nov. '64 was with the co in 
all the battles in which the Regt tookfpart except L M and 
J/"R; was mustered out with the company, 

Gordon, Cornelius was with the co in all the skirmishes, battles 
in which the Regt was engaged; was mustered out with co. » 

Gordon, William H, was discharged July 22, '63, at Nashville 
Tenn. 

Graff, George was with the co and wounded in the battle of S R. 
Dec 31, '62; transferred to the V R corps, Feb 15, '64. 

Gee, Jonathan was discharged, Feb 18, '63 at Hosp Nashville 
Tenn. 

Hovey, Rodolphus J, was with the co in the battles of S R and 
was killed in the battle of Chga Sept 20, '63. 

Hovey, Aaron discharged Jan 26, '63 at Louisville Ky, 

Harrah, John C, was wounded Aug 20, '64 near Atl CJa; and 
died Jan 11, '65, in Hosp New Albany Ind. 

Jones, John B, was with the co in the battles of Chga Franklin 
and Nashville; was mustered out with co. 

Jackson, il/ichael died Aug 28, '68, of chr diarhoea, at Nashville. 

Jamison, John F, died March 6, '63, of Typhoid fever at Nash- 
ville Tenn. 

amison, George M, was discharged J/ar 10, 'G3 disabled by dis- 
ease. 

ieslie, Alexander G, was discharged Jan 7, '63, at Bovling 



itECORD OV COMPANY K. 339 

Lusk, Robert was discharged Jan 6, '63, at Bowling Green Ky. 
iTartin, Andrew TV, was discharged Dec '62 at Bowling Green 

i/cArthur, John was with the co and severely wounded in 
the battle of L Mt, with the co on part of the Atl cainpn, and 
promoted to corp Jan '63; in the battles of Franklin and Nash- 
ville; was mustered out with co. 

J/aley, Henry H, was with co in all the battles in which the Regt 
was engaged except S R, was wounded at Nashrille Dec 15, 
'64; was mustered out with co 

il/cQuown, Isaac H J/, promoted to Corp Jan '64, was with the 
CO in all the skirmishes battles in which the Regt engaged ex- 
cept S R, was mustered out with co. 

J/cLane, Thompson was with the co on part of the Atl carapn 
and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; was mustered 
out with CO. 

i/athews, George W was with the co in the battles of Chga, 
and Franklin and Nashville, was mustered out with co. 

Mitchell, Carey was detailed into Pioneer Corps Oct 18, '62; 
transferred to the Engineer Corps July 29, '64. 

McMillen, Daniel I, was discharged Aprl 1, '64, at Camp Den-- 
nison; was not with the co after Dec 26, '62; and nevet in bat- 
tle. 

J/artin, Robert J. was detailed into the Pioneer Corps Oct 18, 
'62; and transfered to the Engineer Corps July 29, '64, 

McDill, Thomas G, was with co in the battles of S Rand Chga; 
severely wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63, and died of wound 
Oct 14," '63 

J/cGaw, Samuel, was with co and wounded in the battle of Chga 
Sept 20, '63; discharged Feb 25, '64, disabled by wound. 

J/cIntire, Thomas, was with co in the battle ol Chga; died Jan 
22, '64, in hosp at New Albany, Ind. 

Jfickey, Robert, was with co in all the battles, &c, in which the 
Regt was engaged except S R; mustered out with co. 

J/yerstein, Isaac, was with co on a part of the Atl dlmpn, and 
in the battle of Franklin; was wounded June 28, '64, near 
Kenesaw J/ountain; was mustered out with co. 

>¥cDermott, Francis M, was with co in the battle of Chga; de- 
tailed as Orderly at H'd Qrs 1st Div, Dec 11, '63. 

Nelson, Gust, prom to Corpl, was with co in all the skirmishes 
and battles in which the Regt was engaged; must'd out with co. 

Olson, Andrew, was discharged Feb 1, '63, at Nashville, Tenn; 
disability, consumption. 

Peterson, Nels, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, on the 
Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville; was wounded at S R Dec 
31, '62; mustered out withco. 

Parkinson, Clinton, detailed in ITedical Dept at Louisville, Ky, 



UO ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. 

i/ay 31, '63; discharged J/ay 30, '05. 
Pollock, James B, was not with co in battle, on duty in hosp; 

mustered out with co. 
Purnell Julius Pj was with co in the battle of Chga and on the 

Atl cainpn, discharged 
Payne John L, was discharged June 24, 'G3 at'Xa>hville Tenn. 
Purnell Joseph T, was with coin the battles of Chga and killed 

on the Atl campn Sept. 2, '64 at Lovejoy Station. 
jRoper Francis A, was discharged June 5, '63 at Camp Dennison 

Ohio. 
Kankin Joseph, was with co on the Atl campn and in the b-ittles 

of Franklin and NashviUe; mustered out 'A-ith co. 
Russell William 11, was discharged Nov. 13, '63 at Nashville 

Tennessee. 
Kodgers James, was ^\'ith co in the battle of S R; was detailed 
Aug. 10, 63 as teamster in Div. train, and remained on that 
duty until mustered out with co. 
Rt^a Amos, was with co in the battles of S R, and Chga badly 

'wounded at SR; mustered out with co. 
Rankin Alexander, was discharged April 15, '63. 
Rankin James A, was \^ith co and wounded near Rocky Face 

Feb. 24, '64, mustered out with co. 
Snyder Simon A, w'as with co and wounded in the battle of S R 
i)ec. 31, '62; was on duty as clerk at Div. and Corps Hdq'rs 
until mustered out with co. 
Sappington John, was with co in all the battles in which the 

Regt engaged cvcept L Mt and M R, mustered out with co. 
Stuart George, was discharged March 16, '63 at Nashville Tcnn. 
Stanley George W, was with co in all the battles in which thi- 
Regt engaged; was wounded at Chga Sep 19, and again Sep. 
20, '63, mustered out with co. 
Stanley William S, was with coand wounded in the battle of S.R 
Dec. 31, '62 and died of wound Jan. 11, 'ij3 at General Field 
llospl. r 

Stockton William il, was with co in all the battles in which the 
Regt engaged; was wounded Dec. 15, '64 at I'Jashvitle, mus- 
tered out with CO. 
Salter Henry, was transferred to the il/arino Brigade Nov 30 '63, 
Short William, died Feb 6, '63 at IIospl at Nashville Tenn. 
Spence John, was with co in all the battles in which the Rogt en- 
gaged, mustered out with co. 
Tucker John, was with co in the battle of S R and killed Dec 31, 

'62| buried on the Field, grave No. — 
Woods Richard, was with co in all the battles in which the Regt 

engaged and mustered out with co. 
Woods Isaac, was discharged Feb 15, '63 atQaincy, HI. 
■^Voods James II, prom to Corpl Nov '64; was with the coin all 



1 



IIECOED OF CO]MPANY K. 



341 



the battles &c in which tlie Regt angagcd except S K. 
Willett John E, was with co and wounded in the battle of Chgo. 
Sep 11), 'GO; transferred to V R Corps Dec 81, 'tU-. 

SUaDIAIlY OF C.\3UALTIES. 

Tn the battle Stone River, Killed— Samuel G Pluinmer, Samuel 
"Wilkins and John L. Tucker, 3. "Wounded — J/ ills, Bell, Alla- 
man, Abrahamson, Graff, Peterson, Snyder and Stanley, 8. — 
Died of wounds— W. J. AUaman, W. S. Stanley, 2. In the bat- 
tle of Chickamauga, killed — Rodolphus J. Ilovey, 1. Wounded 
J. B. J/cGaw, Samuel J/cGaw, J/cDill, Stanley and "Willett, 5. 
Died of wounds — Thomas G. a1/cDill, 1. On the Atlanta Cam- 
paign, Killed — David B. Beebe and Joseph T. Purnell, 2. — 
"JiVounded, Gabraith, Blake, W. Bell, Beaty, Burns, Downey, 
Horrah, J/yerstine and Rankin, 9. In the l>attle of Lookout 
J/ountain,; "Wounded — John i/cArthur, 1. In the battle of 
Nashville, "Wounded — J/aley and Stockton, 2. Accidentally kill- 
ed, on R. R., James R. Ewing, 1. Accidentally wounded on 
Picket— W. A. Ecebe, 1. Total— Killed 7; Wounded 30 ; Died 
,of wounds 3. 




CHAPTER XIL 

ABSTRACT OF THE EEGIMENTAL EECOEDS. — RECRUITS OF 
THE REGIMENT. 

Richard Dawson, co. A, mustered in Nov. 18, 186S, for three 

years; joined the co for duty Dec. 1863 and served with it un- 

May 21, 1864; was in Hospl until the Regt was mustered out 

when he was transferred to co F 21 st 111. Vols; mustered out 

at Hospl Keokuk Iowa. 
Samuel Knock, co B, mustered in Dec. 16, '63; served with co 

until wounded near Rocky Face May 9, '64; transferred to 21st 

111. Vols. June 8th, '65; discharged at New Orleans July, '65. 
Samuel Ohipman, co B, mustered in Jan. 4, '64; transferred to 

21st 111. June 8th, '65 and musteaed out Dec. 15, '65. 
Levi Chipman, co B, mustered in Feb. 19, '62; was with co on 

the At! campn and wounded June 19, '64 near Kenesaw Mt; 

transferred June 8, '65 to 21st III.; mustered out Dec. 15, '06. 
David Chipman, co B, mustered in Mar. 18, 'C5; transferred June 

8, '65 to 21st 111; mustered out Dec. 15, '65. 
George W. Robinson, co B, mustered in Jan 4, '64; transferred 

June 8, '05 to 21st 111; mustered out Dec, 15, '65. 
John A. Greei", co B, mustered in Jan. 4, '64; transferred June 8 

'65 to 21st 111; died June, '65 at Nashville. 
Dillon B. Greer, co B, mustered in Feb. 10, '65; transferred June 

8, ''G5 to 21st Tli; mustered out Dec. 15, '65. 
Charles Gilson, co B, mustered in March 8, '65; transferred June 

8, '65 to 21st 111; mustered out Dec. 15, '05. 
Israel H. Baker, co B, mustered In March 18, '65; transferred 

June 8, '65 to 21st 111; mustered out Dec. 15, '66. 
Benjamin F. Moore, co B, mustered in March 18, '65,- transferred 

June 8, '65 to 21st 111; mustered out 

H. W. Swift, coB, mustered in March 18, '65; transferred June 

8, '65 to 31st 111; mustered out Dec. 15, '05, 



RECORD OF RECRUITS. 343 

Jamas II. Hunter, co C, mustered in Dec. IG, 'G3; with co on the 
Atl campn and in the battles of Franklin and Nashvill; trans- 
ferred June 8, '65 to the 21st 111; finally mustered out Dec. 15, 
'65. 
John Hankins, co 0, mustered in Feb 11, '64; was with coon 
Atl campn, in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; was 

transferred June 8, '65, to the 21st Regt. 111. Vols.; Finally 

mustered out Dec 15, '65. 
' " — Beach, co E, mustered Dec — '63; transferred June 8, 

'65, to 21st Regt. 111. Vols., finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. 
John Pollock, co F, mustered in Dec 23, '63; was with co on the 

Atl campn until June 9, '64, and in the battle of Nashville; 

was transferred June 8, '65, to 21st Regt. 111. Vols., and died 

, at Green Lake, Texas. 

William W. Culpt, co F, mustered in Dec 23, '63; detailed into 

the Ambulance Corps, March, '64, and on duty there during 

the Atl campn; was transferred June 8, '65, to 21st Regt. 111. 

Vols; finally mustei'ed out Dec 15, '65. 
Gillam Harris, co G, mustered in Dec 1, '63; was with co on the 

Atl campn until killed in action June 19, '64, near Kenesaw 

Mountain. 
Henry M. Tibbetts, co G, mustered in Dec 1, '63; was with the 

co on Atl campn, and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville ; 

transferred June 8, '65, to the 21st 111, and finally mustered 

out Dec 15, '65. 
Francis M. Brown, co 11, mustered in March '64, for three years; 

was with CO on the Atl campn, until killed June 24, 64, near 

Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. 
Charles TV". Shoemaker, co H, mustered in for three years, Mar 

1, '64; was with co on Atl campn until wounded July 4, '64, 

near Marietta, Ga; transferred June 8, '65, to the 21st HI; 

finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. 
F. C. Van, Eaton, co H, m.ustercd in for one year, Feb 22, '65; 

transferred June 8, '65, to 21st 111; finally mustered out Dec 

15, '65. 
Caleb M. Kile, co II, mustered in for one year, Feb 22, '05; trans- 
ferred June 8, '65 to 21st 111; finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. 
William W. Kile, co H, mustered in for one year, March 4, '65; 

transferred to 21st 111, June 8, '65; discharged Aug '65. 

Andrew Jackson, co II, mustered in for one year, Feb 22, '65; 

died May 26, '65, at hosp Nashville, Tenn. 
Peter Johnson, co H, mustered in for one year, Feb 22, '65; 

transferred June S, '65, to 21st 111; finally mustered out Dec 

15, '65. 
George W. Walter, co H, mustered in for one year, March 22, 

'65; transferred June 8, '65, to 21st 111; mustered out Dec 15, 

1865. 



■iU A]^>STRAC1^ OF RECORDS. 

Jonathan R. Eckley, co II, raustered in for one year, Murob 22, 
'05; ti ansl'errcd to 21st 111, June 8, 'G5; died June — '05 at 
Nashville, Tenn. 

^ ■ - ' . "> Hj n-i>s--i.c:.«l ill for one year, March 22, '05; 

, j; S;i-iii:-;iield, 111; did not reach companj'. 

. ' . , CO I, mustered in March -i, '('4; was with co 

on cue All campn, and in battles of Franklin and Nashville; was 

transferred to the 21st 111, June 8, '65; rauyfd out Dec 15, '05. 

George T. Myers, co I, mustered in March 14, '05; was with co 
on Atl campn and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; 
transferred to the 21st 111; June 8, '65, and mustered out Dec 
15, '65. 

(lilbert K. Myers, co I, mustered in March 11, '04; was with co 
on most of the Atl campn, and in the battles of Franklin and 
Nashville; slightly wounded July, 3, 'G4, near Marietta, Ga; 
transferred to 21st 111, June 8, '05; mustered out Dec 15, '65. 

Curtis E. Thomas, co T, mustered in March 7, '05; transferred to 
21st 111 June 8, '65; mustered out Dec. 15, '65. 

George W. Cowdcn, co K, mustered in for three years Jan. V, 
'04; with co on the Atl campn until wounded, Maj'- 14, 'G4 near 
Rcseca Ga.; died Aug 20, '04 from effects of vround in IIospl, 
Jcffersonville, Ind. 

Albert Cowden, co K, mustered in Nov 23, '63 for thres years; 
with CO on the Atl campn and in the battles of Franklin and 
Nashville; was wounded at Nashville Dec 15, '64; transferred 
to 21st 111 Jur.e 8, '05 and finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. 

Ilenton S. Pollock, co K, mustered in for three years Nov 23, '63 
with CO on the Atl campn and in the battles of Franklin and 
Nashville; transferred to 21st 111 June S, '05; and tinally dis- 
charged Dec 15, '65. 

John S. Pollock, co K, mustered in for t'nree 3'ears Nov 23, '63; 
with CO on apart of the Atl campn and in the battle of Nash- 
ville; transferred to the 21st 111 June S, '65 and mustered out 
Dec 15, '05. 

James Pollock, co K, mustered in for three years Jan 7, '64; with 
CO on the Atl campn; severely wounded at Lovcjoy Station 
Sept 2, '04; had his leg amputated and was discharged May 0, 
'05 at^iuincy. 111. 

Michael Kelley, co IC, mustered in for three j'^ears Jan. 7, '64; 
with CO on tlie Atl canipn; missing ever afterward, probably 
deserted . 

SU.MM.^KV or CASU.Vl/riES. 

On the Atl campaign, Killed — Gillam Harris co G. an,d Fran- 
cis M. Brown wo II, 2. — -Wounded — Knock and Chipman co B, 
Shoemaker I'o II, Mvers co I, Gowden and Pollock co K; 0. — 



JIECORJ) 01' RECRUITS. 345 

llicd of W'tuiuls, G. W. Cowilcn. 1. In the battle of Xas?iville, 
"Wonndcti — Albert Covvdcn, 1. Total Killed 2, "Wounde;] 7, Died 
of wounds 1. 

Total Loss (!f the Regiment. — Killed, GO; 
Wounded 290. Died of wounds 58. 



A Tabic accounting for every man, wliuc^c n;mio ii[> 
pears on the original Muster Rolls, of the 84th Reg 
iment Ills. Vols. 



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